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Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5303
ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

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The Anti-Viral Activity of Stem Cells: A Rational Explanation for their Use in Clinical Application

Author(s): Mario Giosuè Balzanelli, Pietro Distratis, Rita Lazzaro, Van Hung Pham, Toai Cong Tran, Gianna Dipalma, Francesco Inchingolo, Emilio Maria Serlenga, Sergey Khachatur Aityan, Andrea Ballini*, Kieu Cao Diem Nguyen and Ciro Gargiulo Isacco

Volume 23, Issue 6, 2023

Published on: 18 January, 2023

Page: [739 - 747] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666221117094330

Price: $65

Abstract

It is well established the importance of stem cells (SCs) in tissue growth, regeneration and repair, given their ability to self-renew and differentiate into mature cells. Stem cells are present in all individuals and are potentially active to the end of life. However, less is known about their unique function within the immune system as immune regulators and their important task in viral protection. Antiviral resistance is a common mechanism in all cells though stem cells utilize an antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, while adult cells react by using the interferondependent repression pathway via interferon-associated protein-based response to induce an antiviral response. Therefore, the idea behind this review is to highlight the mechanisms of viral evasion of host defense, which would then allow us to highlight the rationale use of autologous stem cells and their biochemical and immunological ability to reset the subverted immune responses. Recently, scientists have highlighted their use in the field of immune-therapy, establishing the possibilities of using them outside the conventional protocol with the advancement in manipulating these cells in such a way that specific body activity can be restored. This paper describes the remarkable SCs profile and discusses some ideas regarding their promising use in vivo.

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Graphical Abstract

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