Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-398X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6387

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Adult Hypertensive Patients on Follow-up at Jimma Medical Center

Author(s): Tesema Etefa*, Urge Gerema, Mengistu Ayele, Bekalu Getachew, Diriba Dereje, Niguse Hamba and Solomon Tesfaye

Volume 19, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 07 November, 2022

Page: [59 - 65] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1573398X18666220915111251

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a disorder caused by the repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The pathophysiology of health problems related to OSA is most strongly linked to irregular hypoxia, which results in cell function damage. In our investigation, no determinants of the OSA were found.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess obstructive sleep apnea among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Jimma Medical Center (JMC) in 2020.

Methods: An institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the JMC clinic during follow-up care. All hypertensive patients who attended the JMC's chronic follow-up clinic were our baseline populations, while those who gave their consent and met our inclusion criteria during the study period were enrolled as study participants. The data were sorted and entered into the computer using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were shown in frequency, percentage, and mean.

Results: A total of 291 adult hypertension patients on follow-up care at the JMC were included in the study, comprising 155 (53.3%) men and 136 (46.7%) women. The age of the participants ranged from 28 to 74 years, and the mean age was 51 years. Of the 291 hypertensive patients screened for OSA using the STOP-Bang questionnaire, 187 (64.3%) were classified as high risk for OSA.

Conclusion: The present study showed that the prevalence of OSA is considerably high, with remarkable fluctuations and increases with age. It is also associated with gender. Moreover, men are reported to be the most affected by OSA compared to women.

Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea, prevalence, hypertension, Ethiopia, hypertensive patients, high blood pressure (BP).

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Bradley TD, Floras JS. Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences. Lancet 2009; 373(9657): 82-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61622-0] [PMID: 19101028]
[2]
Young T, Skatrud J, Peppard PE. Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA 2004; 291(16): 2013-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.16.2013] [PMID: 15113821]
[3]
Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: A population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165(9): 1217-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.2109080] [PMID: 11991871]
[4]
Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S, et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. a scientific statement from the american heart association professional education committee of the council for high blood pressure research. Hypertension 2008; 51(6): 1403-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.189141] [PMID: 18391085]
[5]
Epstein LJ, Kristo D, Strollo PJ Jr, et al. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2009; 5(3): 263-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.27497] [PMID: 19960649]
[6]
Persell SD. Prevalence of resistant hypertension in the United States, 2003-2008. Hypertension 2011; 57(6): 1076-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.170308] [PMID: 21502568]
[7]
Somers VK, White DP, Amin R, et al. Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52(8): 686-717.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.002] [PMID: 18702977]
[8]
Durán J, Esnaola S, Rubio R, Iztueta A. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and related clinical features in a population-based sample of subjects aged 30 to 70 yr. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163(3 Pt 1): 685-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.2005065] [PMID: 11254524]
[9]
Logan AG, Perlikowski SM, Mente A, et al. High prevalence of unrecognized sleep apnoea in drug-resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2001; 19(12): 2271-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200112000-00022] [PMID: 11725173]
[10]
Garvey JF, Taylor CT, McNicholas WT. Cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: The role of intermittent hypoxia and inflammation. Eur Respir J 2009; 33(5): 1195-205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00111208] [PMID: 19407053]
[11]
Kario K. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypertension: Mechanism of the linkage and 24-h blood pressure control. Hypertens Res 2009; 32(7): 537-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hr.2009.73] [PMID: 19461649]
[12]
Charkoudian N, Rabbitts JA. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in human cardiovascular health and disease Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Elsevier 2009; pp. 822-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/84.9.822]
[13]
Carskadon MA, Dement WC. Normal human sleep: An overview. Princ Pract Sleep Med 2005; 4(1): 13-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-72-160797-7/50009-4]
[14]
Worsnop CJ, Naughton MT, Barter CE, Morgan TO, Anderson AI, Pierce RJ. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hypertensives. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157(1): 111-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9609063] [PMID: 9445287]
[15]
Fernandez-Mendoza J, Vgontzas AN, Liao D, et al. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration and incident hypertension: The Penn State Cohort. Hypertension 2012; 60(4): 929-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193268] [PMID: 22892811]
[16]
Nagappa M, Liao P, Wong J, et al. Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea among different populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10(12): e0143697.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143697] [PMID: 26658438]
[17]
Chung F, Yegneswaran B, Liao P, et al. STOP questionnaire: A tool to screen patients for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology 2008; 108(5): 812-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4] [PMID: 18431116]
[18]
Fletcher EC, DeBehnke RD, Lovoi MS, Gorin AB. Undiagnosed sleep apnea in patients with essential hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103(2): 190-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-2-190] [PMID: 4014900]
[19]
Sapiña-Beltrán E, Torres G, Benitez I, et al. Prevalence, characteristics, and association of obstructive sleep apnea with blood pressure control in patients with resistant hypertension. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2019; 16(11): 1414-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201901-053OC] [PMID: 31514508]
[20]
Gonçalves SC, Martinez D, Gus M, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension: A case-control study. Chest 2007; 132(6): 1858-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-1170] [PMID: 18079220]
[21]
Walia HK, Li H, Rueschman M, et al. Association of severe obstructive sleep apnea and elevated blood pressure despite antihypertensive medication use. J Clin Sleep Med 2014; 10(8): 835-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3946] [PMID: 25126027]
[22]
Phillips CL, O’Driscoll DM. Hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Nat Sci Sleep 2013; 5: 43-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S34841] [PMID: 23750107]
[23]
Florczak E, Prejbisz A, Szwench-Pietrasz E, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with resistant hypertension: The RESIST-POL study. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27(11): 678-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2013.32] [PMID: 23698004]
[24]
Lavie P, Herer P, Hoffstein V. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome as a risk factor for hypertension: Population study. BMJ 2000; 320(7233): 479-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7233.479] [PMID: 10678860]
[25]
Low PA. Primer on the autonomic nervous system. (3rd ed.), Elsevier 2011.
[26]
Freet CS, Stoner JF, Tang X. Baroreflex and chemoreflex controls of sympathetic activity following intermittent hypoxia. Auton Neurosci 2013; 174(1-2): 8-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2012.12.005] [PMID: 23305890]
[27]
Atkeson A, Yeh SY, Malhotra A, Jelic S. Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 51(5): 351-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2008.08.002] [PMID: 19249441]
[28]
Gonzaga CC, Gaddam KK, Ahmed MI, et al. Severity of obstructive sleep apnea is related to aldosterone status in subjects with resistant hypertension. J Clin Sleep Med 2010; 6(4): 363-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.27878] [PMID: 20726285]
[29]
Pratt-Ubunama MN, Nishizaka MK, Boedefeld RL, Cofield SS, Harding SM, Calhoun DA. Plasma aldosterone is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertension. Chest 2007; 131(2): 453-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-1442] [PMID: 17296647]
[30]
Pimenta E, Stowasser M, Gordon RD, et al. Increased dietary sodium is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with resistant hypertension and hyperaldosteronism. Chest 2013; 143(4): 978-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-0802] [PMID: 23288434]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy