Iridoids as a Potential Hepatoprotective Class: A Review

Trefts, E.; Gannon, M.; Wasserman, D.H. The liver. Curr. Biol., 2017, 27(21), R1147-R1151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.019] [PMID: 29112863]

Udompap, P.; Kim, D.; Kim, W.R. Current and future burden of chronic nonmalignant liver disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2015, 13(12), 2031-2041.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2015.08.015] [PMID: 26291665]

Asrani, S.K.; Devarbhavi, H.; Eaton, J.; Kamath, P.S. Burden of liver diseases in the world. J. Hepatol., 2019, 70(1), 151-171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.014] [PMID: 30266282]

Sepanlou, S.G.; Safiri, S.; Bisignano, C.; Ikuta, K.S.; Merat, S.; Saberifiroozi, M.; Poustchi, H.; Tsoi, D.; Colombara, D.V.; Abdoli, A.; Adedoyin, R.A.; Afarideh, M.; Agrawal, S.; Ahmad, S.; Ahmadian, E.; Ahmadpour, E.; Akinyemiju, T.; Akunna, C.J.; Alipour, V.; Almasi-Hashiani, A.; Almulhim, A.M.; Al-Raddadi, R.M.; Alvis-Guzman, N.; Anber, N.H.; Angus, C.; Anoushiravani, A.; Arabloo, J.; Araya, E.M.; Asmelash, D.; Ataeinia, B.; Ataro, Z.; Atout, M.M.D.W.; Ausloos, F.; Awasthi, A.; Badawi, A.; Banach, M.; Bejarano Ramirez, D.F.; Bhagavathula, A.S.; Bhala, N.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Biondi, A.; Bolla, S.R.; Boloor, A.; Borzì, A.M.; Butt, Z.A.; Cámera, L.L.A.; Campos-Nonato, I.R.; Carvalho, F.; Chu, D.T.; Chung, S.C.; Cortesi, P.A.; Costa, V.M.; Cowie, B.C.; Daryani, A.; de Courten, B.; Demoz, G.T.; Desai, R.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Djalalinia, S.; Do, H.T.; Dorostkar, F.; Drake, T.M.; Dubey, M.; Duncan, B.B.; Effiong, A.; Eftekhari, A.; Elsharkawy, A.; Etemadi, A.; Farahmand, M.; Farzadfar, F.; Fernandes, E.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Gebremedhin, K.B.B.; Geta, B.; Gilani, S.A.; Gill, P.S.; Gutirrez, R.A.; Haile, M.T.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Hamid, S.S.; Hasankhani, M.; Hasanzadeh, A.; Hashemian, M.; Hassen, H.Y.; Hay, S.I.; Hayat, K.; Heidari, B.; Henok, A.; Hoang, C.L.; Hostiuc, M.; Hostiuc, S.; Hsieh, V.C.; Igumbor, E.U.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Jafari Balalami, N.; James, S.L.; Jeemon, P.; Jha, R.P.; Jonas, J.B.; Jozwiak, J.J.; Kabir, A.; Kasaeian, A.; Kassaye, H.G.; Kefale, A.T.; Khalilov, R.; Khan, M.A.; Khan, E.A.; Khater, A.; Kim, Y.J.; Koyanagi, A.; La Vecchia, C.; Lim, L-L.; Lopez, A.D.; Lorkowski, S.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lozano, R.; Magdy Abd El Razek, M.; Mai, H.T.; Manafi, N.; Manafi, A.; Mansournia, M.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Mazzaglia, G.; Mehta, D.; Mendoza, W.; Menezes, R.G.; Mengesha, M.M.; Meretoja, T.J.; Mestrovic, T.; Miazgowski, B.; Miller, T.R.; Mirrakhimov, E.M.; Mithra, P.; Moazen, B.; Moghadaszadeh, M.; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A.; Mohammed, S.; Mokdad, A.H.; Montero-Zamora, P.A.; Moradi, G.; Naimzada, M.D.; Nayak, V.; Negoi, I.; Nguyen, T.H.; Ofori-Asenso, R.; Oh, I-H.; Olagunju, T.O.; Padubidri, J.R.; Pakshir, K.; Pana, A.; Pathak, M.; Pourshams, A.; Rabiee, N.; Radfar, A.; Rafiei, A.; Ramezanzadeh, K.; Rana, S.M.M.; Rawaf, S.; Rawaf, D.L.; Reiner, R.C., Jr; Roever, L.; Room, R.; Roshandel, G.; Safari, S.; Samy, A.M.; Sanabria, J.; Sartorius, B.; Schmidt, M.I.; Senthilkumaran, S.; Shaikh, M.A.; Sharif, M.; Sharifi, A.; Shigematsu, M.; Singh, J.A.; Soheili, A.; Suleria, H.A.R.; Teklehaimanot, B.F.; Tesfay, B.E.; Vacante, M.; Vahedian-Azimi, A.; Valdez, P.R.; Vasankari, T.J.; Vu, G.T.; Waheed, Y.; Weldegwergs, K.G.; Werdecker, A.; Westerman, R.; Wondafrash, D.Z.; Wondmieneh, A.B.; Yeshitila, Y.G.; Yonemoto, N.; Yu, C.; Zaidi, Z.; Zarghi, A.; Zelber-Sagi, S.; Zewdie, K.A.; Zhang, Z-J.; Zhao, X-J.; Naghavi, M.; Malekzadeh, R. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2020, 5(3), 245-266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30349-8] [PMID: 31981519]

Farzaei, M.H.; Zobeiri, M.; Parvizi, F.; El-Senduny, F.F.; Marmouzi, I.; Coy-Barrera, E.; Naseri, R.; Nabavi, S.M.; Rahimi, R.; Abdollahi, M. Curcumin in liver diseases: A systematic review of the cellular mechanisms of oxidative stress and clinical perspective. Nutrients, 2018, 10(7), E855.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070855] [PMID: 29966389]

Domitrović R.; Potočnjak, I. A comprehensive overview of hepatoprotective natural compounds: mechanism of action and clinical perspectives. Arch. Toxicol., 2016, 90(1), 39-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-015-1580-z] [PMID: 26377694]

Arige, S.S.; Arige, S.D.; Rao, L. A review on hepatoprotective activity. Int. J. Curr. Res., 2017, 9(06), 51876-51881.

Newman, D.J.; Cragg, G.M. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. J. Nat. Prod., 2020, 83(3), 770-803.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285] [PMID: 32162523]

McMullen, M.K.; Whitehouse, J.M.; Towell, A. Bitters: time for a new paradigm. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2015, 2015, 670504.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/670504] [PMID: 26074998]

Vargas-Pozada, E.E.; Muriel, P. Herbal medicines for the liver: from bench to bedside. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2020, 32(2), 148-158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000001485] [PMID: 31895207]

Goorani, S.; Morovvati, H.; Seydi, N.; Almasi, M.; Amiri-Paryan, A.; Nazari, F.; Zangeneh, M.M.; Zangeneh, A. Hepatoprotective and cytotoxicity properties of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in wistar rats fed with high-fat diet. Comp. Clin. Pathol., 2019, 28(5), 1305-1312.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-02939-6]

Shi, X.; Yu, L.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, P.; Du, P. Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates hepatic inflammation injury in viral hepatitis disease via a HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway. Int. Immunopharmacol., 2020, 84(April), 106578.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106578] [PMID: 32416454]

Villasenor, I. Bioactivities of iridoids. Antiinflamm. Antiallergy Agents Med. Chem., 2007, 6(4), 307-314.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152307783220040]

Chen, W.; Jia, Z.; Pan, M.; Anandh Babu, P.V. Natural products for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases: Mechanisms and strategies. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2016, 2016, 4628502.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4628502] [PMID: 26925192]

Ghisalberti, E.L. Biological and pharmacological activity of naturally occurring iridoids and secoiridoids. Phytomedicine, 1998, 5(2), 147-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80012-3] [PMID: 23195768]

Wong, I.Y.F.; He, Z.D.; Huang, Y.; Chen, Z.Y. Antioxidative activities of phenylethanoid glycosides from Ligustrum purpurascens. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49(6), 3113-3119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0100604] [PMID: 11410017]

Jensen, S.R. Systematic implications of the distribution of iridoids and other chemical compounds in the Loganiaceae and other families of the Asteridae. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 1992, 79(2), 284.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399770]

Kroll-Møller, P.; Pedersen, K.D.; Gousiadou, C.; Kokubun, T.; Albach, D.; Taskova, R.; Garnock-Jones, P.J.; Gotfredsen, C.H.; Jensen, S.R. Iridoid glucosides in the genus Veronica (Plantaginaceae) from New Zealand. Phytochemistry, 2017, 140, 174-180.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.025] [PMID: 28550715]

Gousiadou, C.; Kokubun, T.; Albach, D.C.; Gotfredsen, C.H.; Jensen, S.R. Iridoid glucosides in the genus Sutera (Scrophulariaceae) as chemotaxonomic markers in tribe Limoselleae. Phytochemistry, 2019, 158, 149-155.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.021] [PMID: 30576968]

Delgado-Montemayor, C.; Cordero-Pérez, P.; Salazar-Aranda, R.; Waksman-Minsky, N. Models of hepatoprotective activity assessment. Med. Univ., 2015, 17(69), 222-228.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmu.2015.10.002]

Ahmad, F.; Tabassum, N. Experimental models used for the study of antihepatotoxic agents. J. Acute Dis., 2012, 1(2), 85-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(13)60021-9]

Kumar, E.; Susmitha, K.; Swathy, B.; Ramu, E.; Venkatesh, B. A review on liver disorders and screening models of hepatoprotective agents. Int. J. Allied Med. Sci. Clin. Res., 2014, 2, 136-150.

González, L.T.; Minsky, N.W.; Espinosa, L.E.M.; Aranda, R.S.; Meseguer, J.P.; Pérez, P.C. In vitro assessment of hepatoprotective agents against damage induced by acetaminophen and CCl4. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2017, 17(1), 39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1506-1] [PMID: 28086854]

Gandolfi, A.J.; Wijeweera, J.; Brendel, K. Use of precision-cut liver slices as an in vitro tool for evaluating liver function. Toxicol. Pathol., 1996, 24(1), 58-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339602400108] [PMID: 8839281]

Olinga, P.; Schuppan, D. Precision-cut liver slices: a tool to model the liver ex vivo. J. Hepatol., 2013, 58(6), 1252-1253.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.009] [PMID: 23336979]

Natanzi, A.E.; Ghahremani, M.H.; Monsef-Esfahani, H.R.; Minaei, B.; Nazarian, H.; Sabzevari, O. An experimental model for study of the hepatoprotective activity of Nasturtium officinale (Watercress) against acetaminophen toxicity using in situ rat liver system. Eur. J. Sci. Res., 2009, 38(4), 556-564.

Russmann, S.; Kullak-Ublick, G.A.; Grattagliano, I. Current concepts of mechanisms in drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Curr. Med. Chem., 2009, 16(23), 3041-3053.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709788803097] [PMID: 19689281]

Roth, R.A.; Ganey, P.E. Intrinsic versus idiosyncratic drug-induced hepatotoxicity--two villains or one? J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2010, 332(3), 692-697.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.109.162651] [PMID: 20019161]

Cullen, J.M.; Stalker, M.J. Liver and biliary system. In: Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, Sixth Edition; , 2016; 2, pp. 258-352.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-5318-4.00008-5]

Yue, S.; Xue, N.; Li, H.; Huang, B.; Chen, Z.; Wang, X. Hepatoprotective effect of apigenin against liver injury via the non-canonical NF-KB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Inflammation, 2020, 43(5), 1634-1648.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01238-5] [PMID: 32458347]

Yoshioka, Y.; Li, X.; Zhang, T.; Mitani, T.; Yasuda, M.; Nanba, F.; Toda, T.; Yamashita, Y.; Ashida, H. Black soybean seed coat polyphenols prevent AAPH-induced oxidative DNA-damage in HepG2 cells. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 2017, 60(2), 108-114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.16-48] [PMID: 28366989]

Bridi, R.; Giordano, A.; Peñailillo, M.F.; Montenegro, G. Antioxidant effect of extracts from native Chilean Plants on the lipoperoxidation and protein oxidation of bovine Muscle. Molecules, 2019, 24(18), 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183264] [PMID: 31500282]

Stanley, S.L. Amoebiasis. Lancet, 2003, 361(9362), 1025-1034.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12830-9] [PMID: 12660071]

Chang, I.M.; Ryu, J.C.; Park, Y.C.; Yun, H.S.; Yang, K.H. Protective activities of aucubin against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. Drug Chem. Toxicol., 1983, 6(5), 443-453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01480548309014166] [PMID: 6194953]

Chang, L.M.; Yun, H.S.; Kim, Y.S.; Ahn, J.W. Aucubin: potential antidote for alpha-amanitin poisoning. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol., 1984, 22(1), 77-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00099308409035083] [PMID: 6208374]

Chang, I.M. Liver-protective activities of aucubin derived from traditional oriental medicine. Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol., 1998, 102(2), 189-204.
[PMID: 10100510]

Lee, D.H.; Cho, I.G.; Park, M.S.; Kim, K.N.; Chang, I.M.; Mar, W. Studies on the possible mechanisms of protective activity against α-amanitin poisoning by aucubin. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2001, 24(1), 55-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02976494] [PMID: 11235813]

Lee, H.Y.; Lee, G.H.; Lee, M.R.; Kim, H.K.; Kim, N.Y.; Kim, S.H.; Lee, Y.C.; Kim, H.R.; Chae, H.J. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver extract, aucubin, and geniposide enhance lysosomal activity to regulate ER stress and hepatic lipid accumulation. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12), e81349.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081349] [PMID: 24349058]

Lee, G.H.; Lee, M.R.; Lee, H.Y.; Kim, S.H.; Kim, H.K.; Kim, H.R.; Chae, H.J. Eucommia ulmoides cortex, geniposide and aucubin regulate lipotoxicity through the inhibition of lysosomal BAX. PLoS One, 2014, 9(2), e88017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088017] [PMID: 24586300]

Shen, B.; Zhao, C.; Wang, Y.; Peng, Y.; Cheng, J.; Li, Z.; Wu, L.; Jin, M.; Feng, H. Aucubin inhibited lipid accumulation and oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 and AMPK signalling pathways. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2019, 23(6), 4063-4075.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.14293] [PMID: 30950217]

Lv, P.Y.; Feng, H.; Huang, W.H.; Tian, Y.Y.; Wang, Y.Q.; Qin, Y.H.; Li, X.H.; Hu, K.; Zhou, H.H.; Ouyang, D.S. Aucubin and its hydrolytic derivative attenuate activation of hepatic stellate cells via modulation of TGF-β stimulation. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2017, 50, 234-239.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.012] [PMID: 28199906]

Zhang, S.; Feng, Z.; Gao, W.; Duan, Y.; Fan, G.; Geng, X.; Wu, B.; Li, K.; Liu, K.; Peng, C. Aucubin attenuates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR-4/NF-KB signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Front. Pharmacol., 2020, 11, 544124.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.544124] [PMID: 33013386]

Dwivedi, Y.; Rastogi, R.; Sharma, S.K.; Mehrotra, R.; Garg, N.K.; Dhawan, B.N. Picroliv protects against monocrotaline-induced hepatic damage in rats. Pharmacol. Res., 1991, 23(4), 399-407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1043-6618(91)90054-2] [PMID: 1908581]

Dwivedi, Y.; Rastogi, R.; Mehrotra, R.; Garg, N.K.; Dhawan, B.N. Picroliv protects against aflatoxin B1 acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol. Res., 1993, 27(2), 189-199.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1993.1018] [PMID: 8474962]

Rastogi, R.; Srivastava, A.K.; Srivastava, M.; Rastogi, A.K. Hepatocurative effect of picroliv and silymarin against aflatoxin B1 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Planta Med., 2000, 66(8), 709-713.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-9907] [PMID: 11199126]

Rastogi, R.; Srivastava, A.K.; Rastogi, A.K. Long term effect of aflatoxin B(1) on lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney: effect of picroliv and silymarin. Phytother. Res., 2001, 15(4), 307-310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.722] [PMID: 11406853]

Visen, P.K.S.; Shukla, B.; Patnaik, G.K.; Kaul, S.; Kapoor, N.K.; Dhawan, B.N. Hepatoprotective activity of picroliv, the active principle of Picrorhiza kurroa, on rat hepatocytes against paracetamol toxicity. Drug Dev. Res., 1991, 22(3), 209-219.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.430220303]

Visen, P.K.S.; Shukla, B.; Patnaik, G.K.; Chandra, R.; Singh, V.; Kapoor, N.K.; Dhawan, B.N. Hepatoprotective activity of picroliv isolated from Picrorhiza kurrooa against thioacetamide toxicity on rat hepatocytes. Phytother. Res., 1991, 5(5), 224-227.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650050507]

Rastogi, R.; Saksena, S.; Garg, N.K.; Dhawan, B.N. Effect of picroliv on antioxidant-system in liver of rats, after partial hepatectomy. Phytother. Res., 1995, 9(5), 364-367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650090511]

Rastogi, R.; Srivastava, A.; Dhawan, B.N. Effect of picroliv on impaired hepatic mixed-function oxidase system in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats. Drug Dev. Res., 1997, 41(1), 44-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2299(199705)41:1<44:AID-DDR5>3.0.CO;2-S]

Singh, M.; Tiwari, V.; Jain, A.; Ghoshal, S. Protective activity of picroliv on hepatic amoebiasis associated with carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Indian J. Med. Res., 2005, 121(5), 676-682.
[PMID: 15937372]

Boros, C.A.; Stermitz, F.R. Iridoids. An updated review. Part I. J. Nat. Prod., 1990, 53(5), 1055-1147.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50071a001]

Boros, C.; Stermitz, F. Iridoids. An updated review. Part II. J. Nat. Prod., 1991, 54(5), 1173-1246.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50077a001]

Garg, H.S.; Bhandari, S.P.S.; Tripathi, S.C.; Patnaik, G.K.; Puri, A.; Saxena, R.; Saxena, R.P. Antihepatotoxic and immunostimulant properties of iridoid glycosides of Scrophularia koelzii. Phytother. Res., 1994, 8(4), 224-228.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650080407]

Wang, H.; Wu, F.H.; Xiong, F.; Wu, J.J.; Zhang, L.Y.; Ye, W.C.; Li, P.; Zhao, S.X. Iridoids from Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora and their hepatoprotective activities in vitro. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 2006, 54(8), 1144-1149.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.54.1144] [PMID: 16880659]

Gao, H.; Zhou, Y.W. Inhibitory effect of picroside II on hepatocyte apoptosis. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2005, 26(6), 729-736.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00729.x] [PMID: 15916740]

Hikita, H.; Takehara, T.; Shimizu, S.; Kodama, T.; Li, W.; Miyagi, T.; Hosui, A.; Ishida, H.; Ohkawa, K.; Kanto, T.; Hiramatsu, N.; Yin, X.M.; Hennighausen, L.; Tatsumi, T.; Hayashi, N. Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL cooperatively maintain integrity of hepatocytes in developing and adult murine liver. Hepatology, 2009, 50(4), 1217-1226.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.23126] [PMID: 19676108]

Medina, J.; Moreno-Otero, R. Pathophysiological basis for antioxidant therapy in chronic liver disease. Drugs, 2005, 65(17), 2445-2461.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200565170-00003] [PMID: 16296871]

Danielewski, M.; Matuszewska, A.; Nowak, B.; Kucharska, A. Z.; Sozański, T The effects of natural iridoids and anthocyanins on selected parameters of liver and cardiovascular system functions. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev, 2020, 2020
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2735790]

Li, T.; Xu, L.; Zheng, R.; Wang, X.; Li, L.; Ji, H.; Hu, Q. Picroside II protects against cholestatic liver injury possibly through activation of farnesoid X receptor. Phytomedicine, 2020, 68, 153153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153153] [PMID: 32018210]

Liu, Y.F.; Liang, D.; Luo, H.; Hao, Z.Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, C.L.; Zhang, Q.J.; Chen, R.Y.; Yu, D.Q. Hepatoprotective iridoid glycosides from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. J. Nat. Prod., 2012, 75(9), 1625-1631.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np300509z] [PMID: 22916954]

Liu, Y.F.; Shi, G.R.; Wang, X.; Zhang, C.L.; Wang, Y.; Chen, R.Y.; Yu, D.Q. Bioactive iridoid glycosides from the whole plants of Rehmannia chingii. J. Nat. Prod., 2016, 79(2), 428-433.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01126] [PMID: 26859776]

Feng, Z.; Zhou, C.; Dong, S.; Liu, Z.; Liu, T.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, X. Catalpol and panax notoginseng saponins synergistically alleviate triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity through Nrf2/ARE pathway. Toxicol. Vitr., 2019, 56, 141-149.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.01.016] [PMID: 30682494]

Zhang, H.; Jia, R.; Wang, F.; Qiu, G.; Qiao, P.; Xu, X.; Wu, D. Catalpol protects mice against lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury through inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative response. Oncotarget, 2017, 9(3), 3887-3894.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.23242] [PMID: 29423091]

Liu, Z.; Zhu, P.; Zhang, L.; Xiong, B.; Tao, J.; Guan, W.; Li, C.; Chen, C.; Gu, J.; Duanmu, J.; Zhang, W. Autophagy inhibition attenuates the induction of anti-inflammatory effect of catalpol in liver fibrosis. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2018, 103(April), 1262-1271.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.156] [PMID: 29864907]

Usmanov, D.; Rasulev, B.; Syrov, V.; Yusupova, U.; Ramazonov, N. Structure-hepatoprotective activity relationship study of iridoids. Int. J. Quant. Struct. Relationships, 2020, 5(3), 108-118.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/IJQSPR.20200701.oa3]

Schon, H-T.; Weiskirchen, R. Immunomodulatory effects of transforming growth factor-β in the liver. Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr., 2014, 3(6), 386-406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.11.06] [PMID: 25568862]

Fabregat, I.; Caballero-Díaz, D. Transforming growth factor-β-induced cell plasticity in liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Front. Oncol., 2018, 8, 357.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2018.00357] [PMID: 30250825]

Park, C.H.; Yamabe, N.; Noh, J.S.; Kang, K.S.; Tanaka, T.; Yokozawa, T. The beneficial effects of morroniside on the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in the liver of db/db mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 2009, 32(10), 1734-1740.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.32.1734] [PMID: 19801836]

Yamabe, N.; Noh, J.S.; Park, C.H.; Kang, K.S.; Shibahara, N.; Tanaka, T.; Yokozawa, T. Evaluation of loganin, iridoid glycoside from Corni Fructus, on hepatic and renal glucolipotoxicity and inflammation in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2010, 648(1-3), 179-187.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.044] [PMID: 20826139]

Gu, W.; Hao, X.J.; Liu, H.X.; Wang, Y.H.; Long, C.L. Acylated iridoid glycosides and acylated rhamnopyranoses from Gmelina arborea flowers. Phytochem. Lett., 2013, 6(4), 681-685.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2013.08.016]

Luo, Y.H.; Fu, H.Z.; Huang, B.; Chen, W.K.; Ma, S.C. Hepatoprotective iridoid glucosides from Callicarpa nudiflora. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2016, 18(3), 274-279.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2015.1074572] [PMID: 26507813]

Fu, H.Z.; Ma, Y.Y.; Ma, S.C.; Zhou, Z.Q.; Luo, Y.H. Two new iridoid glycosides from Callicarpa nudiflora. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2020, 22(3), 264-270.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2018.1557636] [PMID: 30590951]

Wang, J.; Fu, H.Z.; Luo, Y.H.; Ma, Y.Y.; Huang, B.; Ma, S.C. Two new iridoid glycosides from the leaves of Callicarpa nudiflora. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2018, 20(3), 242-248.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2017.1323884] [PMID: 28537085]

Abdel-Kader, M.S.; Alqasoumi, S.I. In vivo hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of acylated iridoid glycosides from Scrophularia hepericifolia. Biology (Basel), 2021, 10(2), 1-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020145] [PMID: 33673028]

Tan, S.; Lu, Q.; Shu, Y.; Sun, Y.; Chen, F.; Tang, L. Iridoid glycosides fraction isolated from Veronica ciliata Fisch. protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2017, 2017, 6106572.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6106572] [PMID: 28293265]

Lu, Q.; Tan, S.; Gu, W.; Li, F.; Hua, W.; Zhang, S.; Chen, F.; Tang, L. Phytochemical composition, isolation and hepatoprotective activity of active fraction from Veronica ciliata against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via P62-Keap1-NRF-2 signaling pathway. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2019, 243, 112089.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112089] [PMID: 31310828]

Hua, W.; Zhang, S.; Lu, Q.; Sun, Y.; Tan, S.; Chen, F.; Tang, L. Protective effects of n-Butanol extract and iridoid glycosides of Veronica ciliata Fisch. Against ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2021, 266, 113432.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113432] [PMID: 33011367]

Liang, H.; Zhang, L.; Wang, H.; Tang, J.; Yang, J.; Wu, C.; Chen, S. Inhibitory effect of gardenoside on free fatty acid-induced steatosis in HEP-g2 hepatocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2015, 16(11), 27749-27756.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms161126058] [PMID: 26610473]

Chen, P.; Chen, Y.; Wang, Y.; Cai, S.; Deng, L.; Liu, J.; Zhang, H. Comparative evaluation of hepatoprotective activities of geniposide, crocins and crocetin by CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. Biomol. Ther. (Seoul), 2016, 24(2), 156-162.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2015.094] [PMID: 26902084]

Seo, M.J.; Hong, J.M.; Kim, S.J.; Lee, S.M. Genipin protects d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury through suppression of the necroptosis-mediated inflammasome signaling. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2017, 812, 128-137.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.024] [PMID: 28709622]

Kim, B.C.; Kim, H.G.; Lee, S.A.; Lim, S.; Park, E.H.; Kim, S.J.; Lim, C.J. Genipin-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-dependent activation of mitochondrial pathway. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2005, 70(9), 1398-1407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2005.07.025] [PMID: 16143311]

Shin, J.K.; Lee, S.M. Genipin protects the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating mitochondrial quality control. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2017, 328, 25-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.002] [PMID: 28477916]

Wang, Y.; Zhao, T.; Deng, Y.; Hou, L.; Fan, X.; Lin, L.; Zhao, W.; Jiang, K.; Sun, C. Genipin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice via the concomitant inhibition of inflammation and induction of autophagy. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2019, 2019, 3729051.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3729051] [PMID: 31885784]

Zhong, H.; Liu, M.; Ji, Y.; Ma, M.; Chen, K.; Liang, T.; Liu, C. Genipin reverses HFD-induced liver damage and inhibits UCP2-mediated pyroptosis in mice. Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2018, 49(5), 1885-1897.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493651] [PMID: 30235442]

Jiang, M.; Cui, B.W.; Wu, Y.L.; Nan, J.X.; Lian, L.H. Genus Gentiana: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and molecular mechanism. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2021, 264, 113391.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113391] [PMID: 32931880]

Vidyalakshmi, K.S.; Nagarajan, S.; Vasanthi, H.R. Venkappaya; Rajamanickam, V. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of two iridoids from Mussaenda ‘dona aurora’. Z. Naturforsch. C J. Biosci., 2009, 64(5-6), 329-334.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2009-5-604] [PMID: 19678533]

Bridi, R.; Lino von Poser, G.; Gómez, M.; Andia, M.E.; Oyarzún, J.E.; Núñez, P.; Vasquez Arias, A.J.; Espinosa-Bustos, C. Hepatoprotective species from the Chilean medicinal flora: Junellia spathulata (Verbenaceae). J. Ethnopharmacol., 2021, 267, 113543.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113543] [PMID: 33152429]

Shao, S.Y.; Yang, Y.N.; Feng, Z.M.; Jiang, J.S.; Zhang, P.C. New iridoid glycosides from the fruits of Forsythia suspensa and their hepatoprotective activities. Bioorg. Chem., 2017, 75, 303-309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.10.006] [PMID: 29078206]

Vestena, A.; Piton, Y.; de Loretto Bordignon, S.A.; Garcia, S.; Arbo, M.D.; Zuanazzi, J.A.; von Poser, G. Hepatoprotective activity of Verbena litoralis, Verbena montevidensis and their main iridoid, brasoside. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2019, 239, 111906.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111906] [PMID: 31028856]

Hase, K.; Li, J.; Basnet, P.; Xiong, Q.; Takamura, S.; Namba, T.; Kadota, S. Hepatoprotective principles of Swertia japonica Makino on D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 1997, 45(11), 1823-1827.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.45.1823] [PMID: 9396160]

Kondo, Y.; Takano, F.; Hojo, H. Suppression of chemically and immunologically induced hepatic injuries by gentiopicroside in mice. Planta Med., 1994, 60(5), 414-416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959521] [PMID: 7997467]

Han, H.; Xu, L.; Xiong, K.; Zhang, T.; Wang, Z. Exploration of hepatoprotective effect of gentiopicroside on alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats by comprehensive proteomic and metabolomic signatures. Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2018, 49(4), 1304-1319.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493409] [PMID: 30223280]

Tang, X.; Yang, Q.; Yang, F.; Gong, J.; Han, H.; Yang, L.; Wang, Z. Target profiling analyses of bile acids in the evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of gentiopicroside on ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2016, 194, 63-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.049] [PMID: 27582267]

Lian, L.H.; Wu, Y.L.; Wan, Y.; Li, X.; Xie, W.X.; Nan, J.X. Anti-apoptotic activity of gentiopicroside in D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced murine fulminant hepatic failure. Chem. Biol. Interact., 2010, 188(1), 127-133.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2010.06.004] [PMID: 20558151]

Wan, Z.; Li, H.; Wu, X.; Zhao, H.; Wang, R.; Li, M.; Liu, J.; Liu, Q.; Wang, R.; Li, X. Hepatoprotective effect of gentiopicroside in combination with leflunomide and/or methotrexate in arthritic rats. Life Sci., 2021, 265, 118689.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118689] [PMID: 33130083]

Jaishree, V.; Badami, S. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of swertiamarin from Enicostemma axillare against D-galactosamine induced acute liver damage in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2010, 130(1), 103-106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.019] [PMID: 20420896]

Tian, C.; Zhang, T.; Wang, L.; Shan, Q.; Jiang, L. The hepatoprotective effect and chemical constituents of total iridoids and xanthones extracted from Swertia mussotii Franch. Franch. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2014, 154(1), 259-266.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.018] [PMID: 24746481]

Li, S.; Wang, Q.; Tao, Y.; Liu, C. Swertiamarin attenuates experimental rat hepatic fibrosis by suppressing angiotensin II-Angiotensin type 1 receptor-extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2016, 359(2), 247-255.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.116.234179] [PMID: 27543328]

Wu, T.; Li, J.; Li, Y.; Song, H. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of swertiamarin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2017, 41(6), 2242-2254.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475639] [PMID: 28448964]

Dai, K.; Yi, X.J.; Huang, X.J.; Muhammad, A.; Li, M.; Li, J.; Yang, G.Z.; Gao, Y. Hepatoprotective activity of iridoids, seco-iridoids and analog glycosides from Gentianaceae on HepG2 cells via CYP3A4 induction and mitochondrial pathway. Food Funct., 2018, 9(5), 2673-2683.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8FO00168E] [PMID: 29675530]

Zhang, Y.; Zhao, H.; Li, H.; Cao, W.; Wang, F.; Zhang, T.; Wang, S.W. Protective effects of amarogentin against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Molecules, 2017, 22(5), 1-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050754] [PMID: 28481234]

Zhang, Y.; Zhang, M.; Li, H.; Zhao, H.; Wang, F.; He, Q.; Zhang, T.; Wang, S. Serum metabonomics study of the hepatoprotective effect of amarogentin on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice by GC-TOF-MS analysis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2018, 149, 120-127.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.029] [PMID: 29112900]

Shi, J.; Li, C.J.; Yang, J.Z.; Ma, J.; Wang, C.; Tang, J.; Li, Y.; Chen, H.; Zhang, D.M. Hepatoprotective coumarins and secoiridoids from Hydrangea paniculata. Fitoterapia, 2014, 96, 138-145.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.015] [PMID: 24811324]

Domitrović R.; Jakovac, H.; Marchesi, V.V.; Šain, I.; Romić Ž.; Rahelić D. Preventive and therapeutic effects of oleuropein against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. Pharmacol. Res., 2012, 65(4), 451-464.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2011.12.005] [PMID: 22214867]

Mahmoudi, A.; Hadrich, F.; Feki, I.; Ghorbel, H.; Bouallagui, Z.; Marrekchi, R.; Fourati, H.; Sayadi, S. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol rich extracts from olive leaves attenuate liver injury and lipid metabolism disturbance in bisphenol A-treated rats. Food Funct., 2018, 9(6), 3220-3234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8FO00248G] [PMID: 29781491]

Yan, C.M.; Chai, E.Q.; Cai, H.Y.; Miao, G.Y.; Ma, W. Oleuropein induces apoptosis via activation of caspases and suppression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in HepG2 human hepatoma cell line. Mol. Med. Rep., 2015, 11(6), 4617-4624.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3266] [PMID: 25634350]

Lee, D.H.; Park, S.H.; Huh, Y.H.; Jung Kim, M.; Seo, H.D.; Ha, T.Y.; Ahn, J.; Jang, Y.J.; Jung, C.H. Iridoids of Valeriana fauriei contribute to alleviating hepatic steatosis in obese mice by lipophagy. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2020, 125, 109950.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109950] [PMID: 32058217]

Shu, Y.; Liu, X.; Huang, H.; Wen, Q.; Shu, J. Research progress of natural compounds in anti-liver fibrosis by affecting autophagy of hepatic stellate cells. Mol. Biol. Rep., 2021, 48(2), 1915-1924.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06171-w] [PMID: 33609264]

Allaire, M.; Rautou, P.E.; Codogno, P.; Lotersztajn, S. Autophagy in liver diseases: Time for translation? J. Hepatol., 2019, 70(5), 985-998.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2019.01.026] [PMID: 30711404]

Lee, S.H.; Shin, H.P.; Lee, J.I. Real-world single-center experience with direct-acting antivirals for improvement of the liver fibrosis after chronic hepatitis C treatment. Antivir. Chem. Chemother., 2020, 28, 2040206620974835.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2040206620974835] [PMID: 33215505]

Zhang, M.; Kenny, S.J.; Ge, L.; Xu, K.; Schekman, R. Translocation of interleukin-1β into a vesicle intermediate in autophagy-mediated secretion. eLife, 2015, 4, 1-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11205] [PMID: 26523392]

Bai, F.; Huang, Q.; Nie, J.; Lu, S.; Lu, C.; Zhu, X.; Wang, Y.; Zhuo, L.; Lu, Z.; Lin, X. trolline ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the NF-KB pathway, promoting HSC apoptosis and suppressing autophagy. Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2017, 44(2), 436-446.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485009] [PMID: 29141243]

Ashrafizadeh, M.; Ahmadi, Z.; Farkhondeh, T.; Samarghandian, S. Modulatory effects of statins on the autophagy: A therapeutic perspective. J. Cell. Physiol., 2020, 235(4), 3157-3168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.29227] [PMID: 31578730]

Peng, M.; Zhang, Y.; Shi, S.; Peng, S. Simultaneous ligand fishing and identification of human serum albumin binders from Eucommia ulmoides bark using surface plasmon resonance-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2013, 940, 86-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.032] [PMID: 24141043]

Oztürk, N.; Herekman-Demir, T.; Oztürk, Y.; Bozan, B. Başer, K.H.C. Choleretic activity of Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra in rats. Phytomedicine, 1998, 5(4), 283-288.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80067-6] [PMID: 23195900]

Orhan, D.D.; Aslan, M.; Aktay, G.; Ergun, E.; Yesilada, E.; Ergun, F. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Gentiana olivieri herbs on subacute administration and isolation of active principle. Life Sci., 2003, 72(20), 2273-2283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00117-6] [PMID: 12628447]

Lian, L.H.; Wu, Y.L.; Song, S.Z.; Wan, Y.; Xie, W.X.; Li, X.; Bai, T.; Ouyang, B.Q.; Nan, J.X. Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa reverses acute alcohol-induced liver steatosis through blocking sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 maturation. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58(24), 13013-13019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf103976y] [PMID: 21105651]

Nagalekshmi, R.; Menon, A.; Chandrasekharan, D.K.; Nair, C.K.K. Hepatoprotective activity of Andrographis paniculata and Swertia chirayita. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2011, 49(12), 3367-3373.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.026] [PMID: 21983487]

Mihailović V.; Mihailović M.; Uskoković A.; Arambašić J.; Mišić D.; Stanković V.; Katanić J.; Mladenović M.; Solujić S.; Matić S. Hepatoprotective effects of Gentiana asclepiadea L. extracts against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2013, 52, 83-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.034] [PMID: 23146698]

Mihailović V.; Katanić J.; Mišić D.; Stanković V.; Mihailović M.; Uskoković A.; Arambašić J.; Solujić S.; Mladenović M.; Stanković N. Hepatoprotective effects of secoiridoid-rich extracts from Gentiana cruciata L. against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. Food Funct., 2014, 5(8), 1795-1803.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4FO00088A] [PMID: 24912992]

Qu, Z.X.; Li, F.; Ma, C.D.; Liu, J.; Li, S.D.; Wang, W.L. Effects of Gentiana scabra bage on expression of hepatic type I, III collagen proteins in Paragonimus skrjabini rats with liver fibrosis. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med., 2015, 8(1), 60-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60188-7] [PMID: 25901926]

Cui, Y.; Jiang, L.; Shao, Y.; Mei, L.; Tao, Y. Anti-alcohol liver disease effect of Gentianae macrophyllae extract through MAPK/JNK/p38 pathway. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2019, 71(2), 240-250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13027] [PMID: 30298517]

Xu, L.; Sheng, T.; Liu, X.; Zhang, T.; Wang, Z.; Han, H. Analyzing the hepatoprotective effect of the Swertia cincta Burkill extract against ANIT-induced cholestasis in rats by modulating the expression of transporters and metabolic enzymes. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2017, 209, 91-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.031] [PMID: 28734962]

Chen, L.; Li, M.; Yang, Z.; Tao, W.; Wang, P.; Tian, X.; Li, X.; Wang, W. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological and industrial applications of an important traditional Chinese medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2020, 257, 112829.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112829] [PMID: 32311486]

Gao, H.Y.; Huang, J.; Wang, H.Y.; Du, X.W.; Cheng, S.M.; Han, Y.; Wang, L.F.; Li, G.Y.; Wang, J.H. Protective effect of Zhuyeqing liquor, a Chinese traditional health liquor, on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. J. Inflamm. (Lond.), 2013, 10(1), 30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-9255-10-30] [PMID: 24090365]

Han, F.; Liu, T.; Yin, R.; Zhang, X.; Ma, L.; Xu, R.; Wu, Y. UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS combined with serum pharmacochemistry for bioactive compounds discovery of zhi-zi-da-huang-decoction against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(110), 108917-108927.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6RA19422B]

Wang, M.Y.; Nowicki, D.; Anderson, G.; Jensen, J.; West, B. Liver protective effects of Morinda citrifolia (Noni). Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 2008, 63(2), 59-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-008-0070-3] [PMID: 18317933]

Afroz, S.; Alamgir, M.; Khan, M.T.H.; Jabbar, S.; Nahar, N.; Choudhuri, M.S.K. Antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of Paederia foetida Linn. (Rubiaceae). J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 105(1-2), 125-130.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.004] [PMID: 16298094]

Peng, W.; Qiu, X.Q.; Shu, Z.H.; Liu, Q.C.; Hu, M.B.; Han, T.; Rahman, K.; Qin, L.P.; Zheng, C.J. Hepatoprotective activity of total iridoid glycosides isolated from Paederia scandens (lour.) Merr. var. tomentosa. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2015, 174, 317-321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.032] [PMID: 26320683]

Kirtikar, K.; Basu, B. Indian Medicinal Plants; Lalit Mohan Basu: Allahabad, 1984.

Khatri, A.; Garg, A.; Agrawal, S.S. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea L. and stem bark of Tecomella undulata. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2009, 122(1), 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.043] [PMID: 19059328]

Sun, Y.; Lu, Q.; He, L.; Shu, Y.; Zhang, S.; Tan, S.; Tang, L. Active Fragment of Veronica ciliata Fisch. attenuates t-BHP-induced oxidative stress injury in HepG2 cells through antioxidant and antiapoptosis activities. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2017, 2017, 4727151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4727151] [PMID: 29362666]

Yin, L.; Wei, L.; Fu, R.; Ding, L.; Guo, Y.; Tang, L.; Chen, F. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Veronica ciliata Fisch. extracts against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Molecules, 2014, 19(6), 7223-7236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19067223] [PMID: 24892270]

Rusu, M.A.; Tamas, M.; Puica, C.; Roman, I.; Sabadas, M. The hepatoprotective action of ten herbal extracts in CCl4 intoxicated liver. Phytother. Res., 2005, 19(9), 744-749.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1625] [PMID: 16220565]

Singh, B.; Chandan, B.K.; Prabhakar, A.; Taneja, S.C.; Singh, J.; Qazi, G.N. Chemistry and hepatoprotective activity of an active fraction from Barleria prionitis Linn. in experimental animals. Phytother. Res., 2005, 19(5), 391-404.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1509] [PMID: 16106393]

Singh, B.; Bani, S.; Gupta, D.K.; Chandan, B.K.; Kaul, A. Anti-inflammatory activity of ‘TAF’ an active fraction from the plant Barleria prionitis Linn. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2003, 85(2-3), 187-193.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00358-6] [PMID: 12639739]

Pramyothin, P.; Chirdchupunsare, H.; Rungsipipat, A.; Chaichantipyuth, C. Hepatoprotective activity of Thunbergia laurifolia Linn extract in rats treated with ethanol: In vitro and in vivo studies. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 102(3), 408-411.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.036] [PMID: 16085378]

Lin, L.C.; Chen, K.T. New phenylpropanoid glycoside from Boschniakia rossica. J. Chin. Pharm. Sci., 2004, 56(2), 77-85.

Quan, J.; Yin, X.; Xu, H. Boschniakia rossica prevents the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2011, 63(1-2), 53-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2009.09.008] [PMID: 19836219]

Panovska, T.K.; Kulevanova, S.; Gjorgoski, I.; Bogdanova, M.; Petrushevska, G. Hepatoprotective effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Teucrium polium L. against carbontetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in rats. Acta Pharm., 2007, 57(2), 241-248.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-007-0020-x] [PMID: 17507320]

Usmanov, D.; Yusupova, U.; Syrov, V.; Ramazonov, N.; Rasulev, B. Iridoid glucosides and triterpene acids from Phlomis linearifolia, growing in Uzbekistan and its hepatoprotective activity. Nat. Prod. Res., 2021, 35(14), 2449-2453.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2019.1677650]

Lee, N.H.; Seo, C.S.; Lee, H.Y.; Jung, D.Y.; Lee, J.K.; Lee, J.A.; Song, K.Y.; Shin, H.K.; Lee, M.Y.; Seo, Y.B.; Kim, H.; Ha, H. Hepatoprotective and antioxidative activities of Cornus Officinalis against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Evidence-based Complement. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2012, 2012, 804924.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/804924] [PMID: 21869901]

Han, X.; Liu, J.; Bai, Y.; Hang, A.; Lu, T.; Mao, C. An Iridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis Balances intestinal microbiome disorder and alleviates alcohol-induced liver injury. J. Funct. Foods, 2021, 82, 104488.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104488]

Fki, I.; Sayadi, S.; Mahmoudi, A.; Daoued, I.; Marrekchi, R.; Ghorbel, H. Comparative Study on Beneficial effects of hydroxytyrosol- and oleuropein-rich olive leaf extracts on high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disturbance and liver injury in rats. BioMed Res. Int., 2020, 2020, 1315202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1315202] [PMID: 31998777]

Yamashita, H.; Ohbuchi, K.; Nagino, M.; Ebata, T.; Tsuchiya, K.; Kushida, H.; Yokoyama, Y. Comprehensive metabolome analysis for the pharmacological action of inchinkoto, a hepatoprotective herbal medicine. Metabolomics, 2021, 17(12), 106.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11306-021-01824-0] [PMID: 34855010]

Mizutani, T.; Yokoyama, Y.; Kokuryo, T.; Ebata, T.; Igami, T.; Sugawara, G.; Nagino, M. Does inchinkoto, a herbal medicine, have hepatoprotective effects in major hepatectomy? A prospective randomized study. HPB (Oxford), 2015, 17(5), 461-469.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hpb.12384] [PMID: 25581163]

Wang, J.; Miao, M.; Qu, L.; Cui, Y.; Zhang, Y. Protective effects of geniposide against Tripterygium glycosides (TG)-induced liver injury and its mechanisms. J. Toxicol. Sci., 2016, 41(1), 165-173.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.41.165] [PMID: 26763404]