Comorbidities in Youth with Bipolar Disorder: Clinical Features and
Pharmacological Management

Gianluca      Sesso; Giulio   Emilio   Brancati; Gabriele      Masi
doi:10.2174/1570159X20666220706104117
Abstract

Background: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a highly comorbid condition, and rates of cooccurring disorders are even higher in youth. Comorbid disorders strongly affect clinical presentation, natural course, prognosis, and treatment.
Methods: This review focuses on the clinical and treatment implications of the comorbidity between BD and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, disruptive behavior disorders (Oppositional Defiant Disorder and/or Conduct Disorder), alcohol and substance use disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, anxiety disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and eating disorders.
Results: These associations define specific conditions which are not simply a sum of different clinical pictures, but occur as distinct and complex combinations with specific developmental pathways over time and selective therapeutic requirements. Pharmacological treatments can improve these clinical pictures by addressing the comorbid conditions, though the same treatments may also worsen BD by inducing manic or depressive switches.
Conclusion: The timely identification of BD comorbidities may have relevant clinical implications in terms of symptomatology, course, treatment and outcome. Specific studies addressing the pharmacological management of BD and comorbidities are still scarce, and information is particularly lacking in children and adolescents; for this reason, the present review also included studies conducted on adult samples. Developmentally-sensitive controlled clinical trials are thus warranted to improve the prognosis of these highly complex patients, requiring timely and finely personalized therapies.
Keywords: Bipolar Disorder, Adolescents, Children, Phenotype, Pharmacotherapy, Mood Stabilizers, Antidepressants, Antipsychotics
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Graphical Abstract

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666220706104117	Print ISSN 1570-159X
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1875-6190
Current Neuropharmacology

Comorbidities in Youth with Bipolar Disorder: Clinical Features and Pharmacological Management

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