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Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

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ISSN (Print): 1574-888X
ISSN (Online): 2212-3946

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Review Article

Cancer Stem Cells and Chemoresistance in Ewing Sarcoma

Author(s): Rafael Pereira dos Santos, Rafael Roesler*, Lauro Gregianin, André T. Brunetto, Mariane da Cunha Jaeger, Algemir Lunardi Brunetto and Caroline Brunetto de Farias

Volume 18, Issue 7, 2023

Published on: 27 August, 2022

Page: [926 - 936] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1574888X17666220627114710

Price: $65

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Abstract

Resistance to chemotherapy poses a major challenge for cancer treatment. Reactivating a stem cell program resembling that seen in embryonic development can lead cancer cells to acquire a stem-cell phenotype characterized by expression of stemness genes, pluripotency, high self-renewal ability, and tumor-initiating capability. These cancer stem cells (CSCs) are usually resistant to anticancer drugs and are likely involved in treatment failure in many cancer types. Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a pediatric cancer type typically resulting from a typical genetic alteration affecting bone or soft tissues. Despite advances in treatment, survival prognostic remains poor for patients with refractory or recurrent disease. Here, we review the increasing evidence indicating that ES tumors contain a CSC subpopulation expressing stem cell genes, including BM1, OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2, that plays a role in resistance to drug treatment, and current experimental strategies that successfully counteract chemoresistance mediated by CSCs in ES.

Keywords: Ewing sarcoma, sarcoma, pediatric cancer, chemoresistance, cancer stem cell, stem cell.

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