Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current HIV Research

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-162X
ISSN (Online): 1873-4251

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Clinical Course Among Subjects HIV-1-Infected in Sao Paulo

Author(s): Mariana A. Monteiro*, Gabriela S. Prates, Najara A. de Lima Nascimento, Ana Paula R. Veiga, Marcello M.C. Magri, Thales J.B. Polis, Maria R.P. Gascon, Mauricio D. Ferreira, Larissa Tiberto, Luisa O. Pereira, Wagner Alves, Luiz A.M. Fonseca, Alberto J.S. Duarte and Jorge Casseb

Volume 20, Issue 6, 2022

Published on: 02 November, 2022

Page: [457 - 462] Pages: 6

DOI: 10.2174/1570162X20666220624100248

Price: $65

Abstract

Introduction: People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are under risk for co-infection with SARS-CoV-2. This population may be more prone to complications from COVID-19 due to persistent inflammation caused by HIV and higher incidence of metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies, as well as being considered elderly at 50 years of age. The objective of this study was to report SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency, clinical evolution, and mortality in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: The period of inquiry ranged from January to September 2020. Due to the social distance and the suspension of in-person medical care during the time of the investigation, we sent electronic questions about demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data to 403 HIV-infected patients.

Results: Among 260 patients who answered the questionnaire, thirty-nine patients (15%) had suggestive symptoms and were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of this, 11 had positive results (32.4%) and no patient died of COVID-19 complications. Nine were male (3.4%), and the mean age of the patients with positive results was 43.2 years (± 9.6). 107 patients (41.1%) were over 50 years of age and their mean T-CD4+ cell count was 768. Eleven patients (4.2%) had a detectable HIV RNA viral load and 127 (48.8%) had comorbidities. These variables were not associated with an increased risk for infection.

Conclusion: The frequency of SARS-COV2 infection among HIV-infected is similar to the general population, and the clinical course is associated with the presence of comorbidities and not due to the HIV infection. However, new studies should be done to assess if this vulnerable population could answer the vaccine anti-SARS-Cov2.

Keywords: HIV, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Sao Paulo

« Previous Next »
[1]
Li C, Romagnani P, Von Brunn A, Anders HJ. SARS-CoV-2 and Europe: Timing of containment measures for outbreak control. Infection 2020; 48(3): 483-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01420-9] [PMID: 32274649]
[2]
Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, et al. Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. Viruses 2020; 12(4): E372.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040372] [PMID: 32230900]
[3]
COVID-19 Map. Johns hopkins coronavirus resource center 2022. Disponível em: 2022. Availble: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
[4]
Castillo C, Villalobos Dintrans P, Maddaleno M. The successful COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Chile: Factors and challenges. Vaccine X 2021; 9: 100114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100114] [PMID: 34518818]
[5]
Umakanthan S, Sahu P, Ranade AV, et al. Origin, transmission, diagnosis and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Postgrad Med J 2020; 96(1142): 753-8.
[PMID: 32563999]
[6]
de Medeiros KS, da Silva LAS, Macêdo LTA, et al. Potential impact of the COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: A systematic review impact of the COVID-19 in HIV-Infected Individuals. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2021; 2021(67) (Suppl. 1): 127-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.67.suppl1.20200754] [PMID: 34259769]
[7]
Anka AU, Tahir MI, Abubakar SD, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An overview of the immunopathology, serological diagnosis and management. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93(4): e12998.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sji.12998] [PMID: 33190302]
[8]
Ho HE, Peluso MJ, Margus C, et al. Clinical outcomes and immunologic characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in people with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 2021; 223(3): 403-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa380] [PMID: 32601704]
[9]
Autenrieth CS, Beck EJ, Stelzle D, Mallouris C, Mahy M, Ghys P. Global and regional trends of people living with HIV aged 50 and over: Estimates and projections for 2000-2020. PLoS One 2018; 13(11): e0207005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207005] [PMID: 30496302]
[10]
Ejaz H, Alsrhani A, Zafar A, et al. COVID-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13(12): 1833-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.014] [PMID: 32788073]
[11]
Alves BM, Siqueira JD, Prellwitz IM, et al. Estimating HIV-1 genetic diversity in Brazil through next-generation sequencing. Front Microbiol 2019; 10: 749.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00749] [PMID: 31024510]
[12]
Härter G, Spinner CD, Roider J, et al. COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A case series of 33 patients. Infection 2020; 48(5): 681-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01438-z] [PMID: 32394344]
[13]
Casseb J, Fonseca LAM, Duarte A. Is it possible to control HIV infection in a middle-income country through a multidisciplinary approach? AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34(2): 165-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2017.0106] [PMID: 28969428]
[14]
Casseb J, Veiga APR, Magri MMC, et al. Fighting HIV/AIDS in a developing country: Lessons from a small cohort from the largest Brazilian city. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo 2020; 62: e58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062058] [PMID: 32876298]
[15]
Painel . COVID-19 - município de São Paulo - secretaria municipal da saúde - prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo. Prefeitura da Cidade de São Paulo 2022.
[16]
Blanco JL, Ambrosioni J, Garcia F, et al. COVID-19 in patients with HIV: Clinical case series. Lancet HIV 2020; 7(5): e314-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30111-9] [PMID: 32304642]
[17]
Brown LB, Spinelli MA, Gandhi M. The interplay between HIV and COVID-19: Summary of the data and responses to date. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2021; 16(1): 63-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000659] [PMID: 33186229]
[18]
Xu Z, Zhang C, Wang FS. COVID-19 in people with HIV. Lancet HIV 2020; 7(8): e524-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30163-6] [PMID: 32473658]
[19]
Venturas J, Zamparini J, Shaddock E, et al. Comparison of outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with COVID-19. J Infect 2021; 83(2): 217-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.020] [PMID: 34051225]
[20]
Patel RH, Acharya A, Chand HS, Mohan M, Byrareddy SN. Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coro-navirus 2 coinfection: A systematic review of the literature and challenges. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37(4): 266-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2020.0284] [PMID: 33599163]
[21]
Li CX, Li YY, He LP, et al. The predictive role of CD4+ cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio in immune reconstitution outcome among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: an eight-year observation in China. BMC Immunol 2019; 20(1): 31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12865-019-0311-2] [PMID: 31455209]
[22]
Pettit AC, Giganti MJ, Ingle SM, et al. Increased non-AIDS mortality among persons with AIDS-defining events after antiretroviral therapy initiation. J Int AIDS Soc 2018; 21(1): e25031.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25031] [PMID: 29334197]
[23]
Saag MS, Benson CA, Gandhi RT, et al. Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2018 Recommendations of the international antiviral Society-USA panel. JAMA 2018; 320(4): 379-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8431] [PMID: 30043070]
[24]
Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: A nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020; 55(5): 2000547.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00547-2020] [PMID: 32217650]
[25]
Pourcher V, Gourmelen J, Bureau I, Bouee S. Comorbidities in people living with HIV: An epidemiologic and economic analysis using a claims database in France. PLoS One 2020; 15(12): e0243529.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243529] [PMID: 33332394]
[26]
Ceballos ME, Ross P, Lasso M, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV hospitalized with COVID-19: A nationwide experience. Int J STD AIDS 2021; 32(5): 435-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420973106] [PMID: 33533294]
[27]
Magidson JF, Iyer HS, Regenauer KS, et al. Recreational ART use among individuals living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa: Examining longitudinal ART initiation and viral suppression. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 198: 192-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.009] [PMID: 30953938]
[28]
Pollard R, Gopinath U, Reddy YA, et al. HIV service delivery in the time of COVID-19: Focus group discussions with key populations in India. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24 (Suppl. 6): e25800.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25800] [PMID: 34713583]
[29]
Mpofu M, Moyo T, Gilbert M, et al. Distribution of antiretroviral therapy through private pharmacies and postal courier services during COVID-19 in Botswana: Acceptability and reach of two out-of-facility individual differentiated service delivery models. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24 (Suppl. 6): e25814.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25814] [PMID: 34713589]
[30]
Sun Y, Li H, Luo G, et al. Antiretroviral treatment interruption among people living with HIV during COVID-19 outbreak in China: A nationwide cross-sectional study. J Int AIDS Soc 2020; 23(11): e25637.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25637] [PMID: 33247541]
[31]
Ssentongo P, Ssentongo AE, Heilbrunn ES, Ba DM, Chinchilli VM. Association of cardiovascular disease and 10 other pre-existing comorbidities with COVID-19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15(8): e0238215.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238215] [PMID: 32845926]
[32]
Vizcarra P, Pérez-Elías MJ, Quereda C, et al. Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: A single-centre, prospective cohort. Lancet HIV 2020; 7(8): e554-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30164-8] [PMID: 32473657]
[33]
Gatechompol S, Avihingsanon A, Putcharoen O, Ruxrungtham K, Kuritzkes DR. COVID-19 and HIV infection co-pandemics and their impact: A review of the literature. AIDS Res Ther 2021; 18(1): 28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12981-021-00335-1] [PMID: 33952300]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy