Generic placeholder image

Letters in Organic Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-1786
ISSN (Online): 1875-6255

Research Article

In-silico Approach for Evaluation of Antimalarial Potential of Costunolide Synthase Enzyme and Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cichorium intybus

Author(s): Abhishek Pathak, Sunita Arora, Apoorv Tiwari, Kurma Dev Krishna, S.P. Singh and Gohar Taj*

Volume 20, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 19 August, 2022

Page: [61 - 71] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220608113803

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Cichorium intybus is a perennial herb in the Asteraceae family that has significant ethano-medical properties and is utilized in Ayurveda and Unani therapy. The enzyme costunolide synthase contributes to the biosynthesis pathway of sesquiterpene lactones, which is thought to provide the plant with antimalarial action.

Methods: This work uses several in-silico techniques along with docking experiments to show the structural and physiochemical characteristics of the enzyme costunolide synthase. Costunolide synthase protein interacts with lactucin and lactucopicrin with lower energy interactions of -4.99 kcal/mol for total 3 hydrogen bonds and -6.55 kcal/mol for total 2 hydrogen bonds, respectively. One domain named CYP 450 has been found, which catalyzes a variety of oxidative reactions of a large number of structurally different compounds that are both endogenous and exogenous from all major domains of life. The mitochondrial cellular localization of protein was revealed with a maximum score of 1.833.

Results: The phylogenetic study revealed that the enzyme costunolide synthase from Cichorium intybus has a greater resemblance to Cichorium endivia and Lactuca sativa of costunolide synthase. Molecular docking findings of sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin and lactucopicrin) with Plasmepsin II protein of P. falciparum parasites after clinical trials with sesquiterpene lactones may give more evidence and explanation for the active involvement of lactucin and lactucopicrin as an antimalarial compound.

Conclusion: This research will be used in future wet-lab studies to figure out how the costunolide synthase enzyme regulates sesquiterpene lactones and to investigate additional regulatory enzyme involved in the synthesis of sesquiterpene lactones.

Keywords: Sesquiterpene lactones, lactucin, lactucopicrin, antimalarial agent, molecular docking, plasmepsin II.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Das, S.; Vasudeva, N.; Sharma, S. Drug Devepl. Ther., 2016, 7, 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2394-6555.180157]
[2]
Street, A.R.; Sidana, J.; Prinslo, G. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2013, 10, 1155.
[3]
Thorat, B.S.; Raut, S.M. J. Medic. Plants Stud., 2018, 6, 49-52.
[4]
Bais, P.H.; Ravishankar, G.A. J. Sci. Food Agric., 2001, 81, 467-484.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.817]
[5]
Maurice, D.P.; Nico, V.S.; Noten, V. Breeding and cultivar identification of Cichorium intybus L. var. Foliosum hegi. Eucarpia Leafy Vegetables. Centre for Genetic Resources; CGN: The Netherlands, 2003, pp. 83-90.
[6]
Zaman, R.A. Res. J. Pharm., 2013, 23, 555-576.
[7]
Ying, G.W.; Gui, L.J. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 2012, 13, 1736-1746.
[8]
Peters, A.M.; Van, A.A. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 1998, 123, 326-329.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.123.2.326]
[9]
Testone, G.; Mele, G.; Di Giacomo, E.; Gonnella, M.; Renna, M.; Tenore, G.C.; Nicolodi, C.; Frugis, G.; Iannelli, M.A.; Arnesi, G.; Schiappa, A.; Giannino, D. Front. Plant Sci., 2017, 8, 478.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00478] [PMID: 28396680]
[10]
Bischof, A.T.; Kelley, J.C.; Karchesy, Y. J. Inter. Ethnopharm., 2005, 95, 455-457.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.031]
[11]
Channotiya, J.; Tiwari, A.; Taj, G.; Verma, A.K.; Dubey, A. Netw. Model. Anal. Health Inform. Bioinform., 2021, 10, 24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13721-021-00288-5]
[12]
Bharel, S.; Gulati, A.; Abdin, M.Z.; Srivastava, P.S.; Jain, S.K. Fitoterapia, 2012, 67, 387-399.
[13]
Banerjee, R.; Liu, J.; Beatty, W.; Pelosof, L.; Klemba, M.; Goldberg, D.E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99(2), 990-995.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.022630099] [PMID: 11782538]
[14]
Cheuka, P.M.; Dziwornu, G.; Okombo, J.; Chibale, K. J. Med. Chem., 2020, 63(9), 4445-4467.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01622] [PMID: 31913032]
[15]
Cruz, L.R.; Spangenberg, T.; Lacerda, M.V.G.; Wells, T.N.C.; Malar, J. 2013, 12, 168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-168] [PMID: 23706107]
[16]
Amoa Onguéné, P.; Ntie-Kang, F.; Lifongo, L.L.; Ndom, J.C.; Sippl, W.; Mbaze, L.M. Malar. J., 2013, 12, 449.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-12-449] [PMID: 24330395]
[17]
Wells, T.N.C.; Malar, J. 2011, 10(Suppl. 1), S3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-S1-S3] [PMID: 21411014]
[18]
Guruprasad, K.; Reddy, B.V.; Pandit, M.W. Protein Eng., 1990, 4(2), 155-161.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/4.2.155] [PMID: 2075190]
[19]
Chang, K.Y.; Yang, J.R. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8), e70166.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070166] [PMID: 23940542]
[20]
Dayton, W.R. Reciprocal Meat Confer. Proc., 1983, 36, 98-102.
[21]
Taylor, W.R.; White, N.J. Drug Saf., 2004, 27(1), 25-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200427010-00003] [PMID: 14720085]
[22]
Leonardi, E.; Gilvary, G.; White, N.J.; Nosten, F. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 2001, 95(2), 182-183.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90157-9] [PMID: 11355556]
[23]
Kumar, S.; Stecher, G.; Li, M.; Knyaz, C.; Tamura, K. Mol. Biol. Evol., 2018, 35(6), 1547-1549.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096] [PMID: 29722887]
[24]
(a) Yu, C.S.; Lin, C.J.; Hwang, J.K. Protein Sci., 2004, 13(5), 1402-1406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.03479604] [PMID: 15096640];
(b) Yu, C.S.; Chen, Y.C.; Lu, C.H.; Hwang, J.K. Proteins, 2006, 64(3), 643-651.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.21018] [PMID: 16752418]
[25]
Dundas, J.; Ouyang, Z.; Tseng, J.; Binkowski, A.; Turpaz, Y.; Liang, J. Nucleic Acids Res., 2006, 34(Web Server issue), W116-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl282] [PMID: 16844972]
[26]
Letunic, I.; Bork, P. Nucleic Acids Res., 2018, 46(D1), D493-D496.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx922] [PMID: 29040681]
[27]
Marchler-Bauer, A.; Bo, Y.; Han, L.; He, J.; Lanczycki, C.J.; Lu, S.; Chitsaz, F.; Derbyshire, M.K.; Geer, R.C.; Gonzales, N.R.; Gwadz, M.; Hurwitz, D.I.; Lu, F.; Marchler, G.H.; Song, J.S.; Thanki, N.; Wang, Z.; Yamashita, R.A.; Zhang, D.; Zheng, C.; Geer, L.Y.; Bryant, S.H. Nucleic Acids Res., 2017, 45(D1), D200-D203.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1129] [PMID: 27899674]
[28]
Tiwari, A.; Avashthi, H.; Jha, R.; Srivastava, A.; Garg, V.K.; Ramteke, P.w.; Kumar, A. Bioinfor, 2016, 12, 3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630012156]
[29]
Wang, S.; Li, W.; Liu, S.; Xu, J. Nucleic Acids Res., 2016, 44(W1), W430-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw306] [PMID: 27112573]
[30]
Selvam, K.; Senbagam, D.; Selvankumar, T. J. Mol. Struct., 2017, 1150, 61-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.08.067]
[31]
Ramachandran, G.N.; Ramakrishnan, C.; Sasisekharan, V. J. Mol. Biol., 1963, 7, 95-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(63)80023-6] [PMID: 13990617]
[32]
Castrignanò, T.; De Meo, P.D.; Cozzetto, D.; Talamo, I.G.; Tramontano, A. Nucleic Acids Res., 2006, 34, D306-D309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkj105] [PMID: 16381873]
[33]
Szklarczyk, D.; Franceschini, A.; Wyder, S.; Forslund, K.; Heller, D.; Huerta-Cepas, J.; Simonovic, M.; Roth, A.; Santos, A.; Tsafou, K.P.; Kuhn, M.; Bork, P.; Jensen, L.J.; von Mering, C. Nucleic Acids Res., 2015, 43, D447-D452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1003] [PMID: 25352553]
[34]
Naik, P.A.; Zu, J. J. Bioinform. Comput. Biol., 2020, 18(2), 2050013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0219720020500134] [PMID: 32372713]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version578msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[20:52:24] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[20:52:24] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[20:52:24] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[20:52:24] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (150ms)time
  • Application (429ms)time
  • 1 x Application (74.14%)
    429ms
    1 x Booting (25.86%)
    150ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated305ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316486760','',1,1740775944,1740775944) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740775944
      1.4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316486760','/article/124260',1,1740775944,1740775944)
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316486760 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316486760) limit 1
      21.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316486760
      • 1: 316486760
      • 2: 316486760
      • 3: 316486760
      • 4: 316486760
      • 5: 316486760
      • 6: 316486760
      • 7: 316486760
      • 8: 316486760
      • 9: 316486760
      • 10: 316486760
      • 11: 316486760
      • 12: 316486760
      • 13: 316486760
      • 14: 316486760
      • 15: 316486760
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=124260
      1.19msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 48 limit 1
      1.79msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 48
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=48) and sj.journal_id!=48 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      840μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=48) and sj.journal_id!=48 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=48) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=48) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '124260'
      1.86msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 124260
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '124260'
      2.26msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 124260
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '124260' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      4.62msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 124260
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 48 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      72.95msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 48 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      56.86msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 48 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      16.29msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 124260 limit 1
      5.47msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 124260
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 124260 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 205716 limit 1
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 205716
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'LOC' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: LOC
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '124260' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      510μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '12026' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      2.8msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3344' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3344) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3344) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3344)
      91.7msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12026) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12026) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 12026)
      1.01msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 124260) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 124260) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316486760 and j.to_ip >=316486760 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740775944 and j.to_date >= 1740775944 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 124260)
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '61' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 12026 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 61
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '71' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 12026 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      630μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 71
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 124260 limit 1
      4.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 124260
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 48 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740775944 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740775944 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.82msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 48
      • 3: 1740775944
      • 4: 1740775944
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 48 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740775944 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740775944 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.62msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 48
      • 3: 1740775944
      • 4: 1740775944
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='e8ab27c317332ebcc628585baef56b08'
      4.78msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:291
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        AwysOA1Kb4gwoPVf5xjQfovF5DYrBzWbkqyYCHtU
        uc_cart_id
        e8ab27c317332ebcc628585baef56b08
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/124260" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/124260
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Im5pUnpxeEk3VU05RlIrQ0J0NzdwM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLzFWL3FBRjlNY0lOQ2g2NTdBSXh6UkpKOFhuMjRBNE9qb1k4Qy9vSWp4ST0iLCJtYWMiOiI0NzI2NTFmYTgwNzc1NjgwY2M5MzM2YTkxNzI2N2U5YzNjNDlmNTY5M2RhNDdkZjA1NWFlOTY1OTVlNWJmZGVhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Im5pUnpxeEk3VU05RlIrQ0J0NzdwM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiLzFWL3FBRjlNY0lOQ2g2NTdBSXh6UkpKOFhuMjRBNE9qb1k4Qy9vSWp4ST0iLCJtYWMiOiI0NzI2NTFmYTgwNzc1" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 20:52:24 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik9wS2RWVHJNRlNLbUNkL29jOWtGa2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidUVORE9pRStaYkxhOUJYcTg5T2hWMXczaWRCMkgvcFh4elhXOUhwQXVUNWUyMHdmckpUMzRxYWNmWEwxNGE2R1FhclZPL1cwR3N1YlhnemJPRFRpVDBscEJ6S0YzM2s2T3dtMi9JMXBUZDhjL3h4ZHdNUzFBQllOSkVoY0EzNysiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZmQ2MGYxMDU0YTdmNGE2MDRlZGI0NTA2MDg1MWFiODIwNmFjNDk3NzE3ZWQ0OTJkZjRiYmNhN2VjYjhiYzc2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03 Mar 2025 08:52:24 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik9wS2RWVHJNRlNLbUNkL29jOWtGa2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidUVORE9pRStaYkxhOUJYcTg5T2hWMXczaWRCMkgvcFh4elhXOUhwQXVUNWUyMHdmckpUMzRxYWNmWEwxNGE2R1FhclZPL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik1lQlBSZVRxbXFOYjlkcWY3TmhNUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFNXUkVCa25NUFRGbEVzbmw3dUF2WHdURmR2Q2FsaVUxdzU3TkJ6eC85dldwTHo1MS9mVTRCdHBQbWlxVVpieG9kODhSQXBUWVErTHl5RndHVGU1YkVVMVY4aDlBOEw4QXhOdXdpL0FMdXdaMUZXaGwwY2Q4NjVhOHBGNnJoYm8iLCJtYWMiOiI1ZTFmOTI4MDE1NWFkMGQ2ZjM3ODg0ZDgzOGQ0NDQwMmZlMzI0NmVlNDk1NjkwOTJjMjYyY2NjMjkzZjNlNmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik1lQlBSZVRxbXFOYjlkcWY3TmhNUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFNXUkVCa25NUFRGbEVzbmw3dUF2WHdURmR2Q2FsaVUxdzU3TkJ6eC85dldwTHo1MS9mVTRCdHB" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik9wS2RWVHJNRlNLbUNkL29jOWtGa2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidUVORE9pRStaYkxhOUJYcTg5T2hWMXczaWRCMkgvcFh4elhXOUhwQXVUNWUyMHdmckpUMzRxYWNmWEwxNGE2R1FhclZPL1cwR3N1YlhnemJPRFRpVDBscEJ6S0YzM2s2T3dtMi9JMXBUZDhjL3h4ZHdNUzFBQllOSkVoY0EzNysiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZmQ2MGYxMDU0YTdmNGE2MDRlZGI0NTA2MDg1MWFiODIwNmFjNDk3NzE3ZWQ0OTJkZjRiYmNhN2VjYjhiYzc2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2025 08:52:24 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik9wS2RWVHJNRlNLbUNkL29jOWtGa2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidUVORE9pRStaYkxhOUJYcTg5T2hWMXczaWRCMkgvcFh4elhXOUhwQXVUNWUyMHdmckpUMzRxYWNmWEwxNGE2R1FhclZPL" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik1lQlBSZVRxbXFOYjlkcWY3TmhNUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFNXUkVCa25NUFRGbEVzbmw3dUF2WHdURmR2Q2FsaVUxdzU3TkJ6eC85dldwTHo1MS9mVTRCdHBQbWlxVVpieG9kODhSQXBUWVErTHl5RndHVGU1YkVVMVY4aDlBOEw4QXhOdXdpL0FMdXdaMUZXaGwwY2Q4NjVhOHBGNnJoYm8iLCJtYWMiOiI1ZTFmOTI4MDE1NWFkMGQ2ZjM3ODg0ZDgzOGQ0NDQwMmZlMzI0NmVlNDk1NjkwOTJjMjYyY2NjMjkzZjNlNmEzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik1lQlBSZVRxbXFOYjlkcWY3TmhNUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMFNXUkVCa25NUFRGbEVzbmw3dUF2WHdURmR2Q2FsaVUxdzU3TkJ6eC85dldwTHo1MS9mVTRCdHB" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "AwysOA1Kb4gwoPVf5xjQfovF5DYrBzWbkqyYCHtU" "uc_cart_id" => "e8ab27c317332ebcc628585baef56b08" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/124260" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 20:52:24GET/article/124260414361