Abstract
Background: Recently, the microwave has shown tremendous research interest and potential for the extraction of phytoconstituents from plant resources as there is a need for the advancement of performance in the extraction method. Extraction is the first basic step in the preparation of crude extract followed by isolation, and characterization of isolated components related to current analytical chemistry. The current use of microwaves implements green technology and satisfies the demand for getting the maximum yield of the target compound.
Methods: Research articles related to the current research topics on Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) were collected and reviewed.
Results: MAE promises to be a novel extraction technique for the extraction of phytoconstituents from natural sources than other conventional extraction techniques.
Conclusion: Microwave-assisted extraction is proved to be advantageous as this method permits specificity, higher yield, selectivity, and extraction efficiency over traditional methods such as Soxhlet extraction, maceration and others along with reduced time and solvent consumption, less environmental pollution, and reduced degradation of thermolabile constituents.
Keywords: Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), high performance, phytoconstituents, extraction efficiency, green technology, higher yield.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Edgar, R.H. Handbook of microwave technology for food applications; Datta, A.K.; Anantheswaran, R.C., Eds.; Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 2001, p. 215.
[2]
Ganzler, K.; Salgó, A.; Valkó, K. Microwave extraction. A novel sample preparation method for chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 1986, 371, 299-306.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94714-4] [PMID: 3558551]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94714-4] [PMID: 3558551]
[3]
Jianming, D. Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Synthesis Studies and The Scale-Up Study with the Aid of Fdtd Simulation.Thesis; Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 2006. Distributed under open access, creative common license (CC-BY)
[4]
Singh, R.P.; Heldman, D.R. Introduction to Food Process Engineering, 3rd edition; Academic Press: London, 2001.
[5]
Chaturvedi, A.K. Extraction of neutraceuticals from plants by microwave assisted extraction. Sys. Rev. Pharm., 2018, 9(1), 31-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/srp.2018.1.6]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/srp.2018.1.6]
[6]
Bagade, S.B.; Patil, M. Recent advances in microwave assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from complex herbal samples: A re-view. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 2021, 51(2), 138-149.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2019.1686966] [PMID: 31729248]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2019.1686966] [PMID: 31729248]
[7]
Mingos, D.M.P.; Baghurst, D.R. Application of microwave dielectric heating effects to synthetic problems in chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev., 1991, 20(1), 1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cs9912000001]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cs9912000001]
[8]
Tylor, M.; Atri, B.S.; Minhas, S. Development in microwave chemistry; Evalueserve, 2005, pp. 5-7.
[9]
Hayes, B.L. Microwave synthesis.Chemistry at the speed of light; CEM publishing, 2002, 2, . (29)
[10]
Brachet, A.; Christen, P.; Veuthey, J.L. Focused microwave-assisted extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from coca leaves. Phytochem. Anal., 2002, 13(3), 162-169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.637] [PMID: 12099107]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.637] [PMID: 12099107]
[11]
Destandau, E.; Michel, T.; Elfakir, C. Microwave-Assisted Extraction; London, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
[12]
Chen, L.; Song, D.; Tian, Y.; Ding, L.; Yu, A.; Zhang, H. Application of on-line microwave sample-preparation techniques. TrAC -. Trends Analyt. Chem., 2008, 27(2), 151-159.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2008.01.003]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2008.01.003]
[13]
Spigno, G.; De Faveri, D.M. Microwave-assisted extraction of tea phenols: A phenomenological study. J. Food Eng., 2009, 93(2), 210-217.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.01.006]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.01.006]
[14]
Raut, P. Emerging microwave assisted extraction (MAE) techniques as an innovative green technologies for the effective extraction of the active phytopharmaceuticals. Res. J. Pharm. Technol., 2015, 8(6), 655-666.
[15]
Tatke, Y.; Jaiswal, P. An overview of microwave assisted extraction and its applications in herbal reserach. Res. J. Med. Plant, 2011, 5(1), 21-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2011.21.31]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2011.21.31]
[16]
Dahmoune, F.; Spigno, G.; Moussi, K.; Remini, H.; Cherbal, A.; Madani, K. Pistacia lentiscus leaves as a source of phenolic compounds: Microwave assisted extraction optimized and compared with ultrasound-assisted and conventional solvent extraction. Ind. Crops Prod., 2014, 61, 31-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.035]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.035]
[17]
Bhattacharyya, S.; Rana, D.; Bhattacharyya, S.N. Determination of heat of formation of associated systems by calorimetry. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1997, 74(2), 103-107.
[18]
Bhattacharyya, S.; Rana, D.; Bhattacharyya, S.N. A thermodynamic study of molecular association by gas-liquid chromatography. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1997, 74(6), 456-463.
[19]
Liao, H-L.; Martire, D.E.; Sheridan, J.P. Thermodynamics by molecular association by gas liquid chromatography. Comparison of two experimental approaches. Anal. Chem., 1973, 45(12), 2087-2092.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60334a025]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60334a025]
[20]
Chan, C.H.; Yusoff, R.; Ngoh, G.C.; Kung, F.W. Microwave-assisted extractions of active ingredients from plants. J. Chromatogr. A, 2011, 1218(37), 6213-6225.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.040] [PMID: 21820119]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.040] [PMID: 21820119]
[21]
Kaufmann, B.; Christen, P. Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave-assisted extraction and pressurised solvent extraction. Phytochem. Anal., 2002, 13(2), 105-113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.631] [PMID: 12018022]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.631] [PMID: 12018022]
[22]
Ramanadhan, B. Microwave extraction of essential oils.Dissertation; Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering University of Saskatoon: Saskatchewan, Canada, 2005.
[23]
Wei, M-C.; Jen, J-F. Determination of chlorophenols in soil samples by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron-capture detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 1012(2), 111-118.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01098-7] [PMID: 14521307]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01098-7] [PMID: 14521307]
[24]
Nie, J.; Yu, G.; Song, Z.; Wang, X.; Li, Z.; She, Y.; Lee, M. Microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by GC-MS for the analysis of volatile compounds from tobacco. Anal. Methods, 2017, 9(5), 856-863.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6AY03076A]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6AY03076A]
[25]
Mirzadeh, M.; Arianejad, M.R.; Khedmat, L. Antioxidant, antiradical, and antimicrobial activities of polysaccharides obtained by micro-wave-assisted extraction method: A review. Carbohydr. Polym., 2019., 115421.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115421] [PMID: 31826454]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115421] [PMID: 31826454]
[26]
Alara, O.R.; Abdurahman, N.H.; Ukaegbu, C.I.; Kabbashi, N.A. Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds in vernonia amygdalina leaf ethanolic extract comparing soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction techniques. J. Taibah Univ. Sci., 2019, 13(1), 414-422.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2019.1582460]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2019.1582460]
[27]
Garrido, T.; Gizdavic-Nikolaidis, M.; Leceta, I.; Urdanpilleta, M.; Guerrero, P.; de la Caba, K.; Kilmartin, P.A. Optimizing the extraction process of natural antioxidants from chardonnay grape marc using microwave-assisted extraction. Waste Manag., 2019, 88, 110-117.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.031] [PMID: 31079623]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.031] [PMID: 31079623]
[28]
Alara, O.R.; Mudalip, S.K.A.; Abdurahman, N.H.; Mahmoud, M.S.; Obanijesu, E.O.O. Data on parametric influence of microwave-assisted extraction on the recovery yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit peel extract. Chem. Data Collect., 2019, 24, 100277.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2019.100277]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2019.100277]
[29]
Elez Garofulić, I.; Kruk, V.; Martić, A.; Martić, I.; Zorić, Z.; Pedisić, S.; Dragović, S.; Dragović-Uzelac, V. Evaluation of polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves and fruit extract obtained by optimized microwave-assisted extraction. Foods, 2020, 9(11), 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111556] [PMID: 33121196]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111556] [PMID: 33121196]
[30]
Milani, G.; Curci, F.; Cavalluzzi, M.M.; Crupi, P.; Pisano, I.; Lentini, G.; Clodoveo, M.L.; Franchini, C.; Corbo, F. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidants from bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys pubescens. Molecules, 2020, 25(1), 1-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010215] [PMID: 31948097]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010215] [PMID: 31948097]
Article Metrics
6