Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Adolescent Psychiatry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-6766
ISSN (Online): 2210-6774

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Hunger Hormones in Adolescents with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: An Exploratory Study

Author(s): Avvaru Guruvamsee Krishna, Nishant Goyal, Dushad Ram*, Anjanik Kumar Rajan and Kshitij Kumar Kshitiz

Volume 12, Issue 1, 2022

Published on: 17 May, 2022

Page: [38 - 48] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666220415112851

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Hunger hormones, including ghrelin and leptin, are associated with appetitive behaviors in various psychiatric disorders. Biochemical and hormonal status in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in adolescents is largely unexplored.

Objectives: The study aimed to assess levels of leptin and ghrelin and find their association with lipid profiles in adolescents with DMDD.

Methods: Twenty adolescents with a DSM 5 diagnosis of DMDD with age and gender-matched 19 healthy controls were recruited, followed by clinical assessment. They were assessed for leptin, ghrelin, and lipid profiles, respectively.

Results: Adolescents with DMDD were comparable in age, education, family income, domicile status, psychiatric illness in the family, and body mass index (BMI) with matched controls. There was no difference in mean lipid profile and ghrelin in both groups. However, the DMDD group had a statistically significant higher mean level of leptin as compared to the control group (t=1.84, p < 0.05). As measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale in DMDD, aggression showed a significant positive correlation with lipid profile measures.

Conclusion: Adolescents with DMDD have elevated serum leptin levels. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.

Keywords: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, adolescent, leptin, ghrelin, lipid profile, hormones.

« Previous Next »
Alderman, N., Knight, C., Morgan, C. (1997). Use of a modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale in the measurement and assessment of aggressive behaviours following brain injury. Brain Inj., 11(7), 503-523.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/bij.11.7.503.523] [PMID: 9210987]
Akter, S., Pham, N.M., Nanri, A., Kurotani, K., Kuwahara, K., Jacka, F.N., Yasuda, K., Sato, M., Mizoue, T. (2014). Association of serum leptin and ghrelin with depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 203.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-203] [PMID: 25079305]
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press..
de Andrade, E.R, Scheuer, C. (2004). Analysis of methylphenidate’s efficacy using the abbreviated version Conners’ questionnaire in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr.,, 62(1), 81-85.
[PMID: 15122438]
Atmaca, M., Kuloglu, M., Tezcan, E., Gecici, O., Ustundag, B. (2002). Serum cholesterol and leptin levels in patients with borderline personality disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 45(4), 167-171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000063665] [PMID: 12097803]
Atmaca, M. (2004). Serum cholesterol and leptin: Their roles in suicide and impulsive-aggressive behaviors. Psychiatr. Times, 21(1), 24-24.
Auwerx, J., Staels, B. (1998). Leptin. Lancet, 351(9104), 737-742.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06348-4] [PMID: 9504534]
Barbosa, I.G., Rocha, N.P., de Miranda, A.S., Magalhães, P.V., Huguet, R.B., de Souza, L.P., Kapczinski, F., Teixeira, A.L. (2012). Increased levels of adipokines in bipolar disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res., 46(3), 389-393.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.11.010] [PMID: 22137759]
Baweja, R., Mayes, S.D., Hameed, U., Waxmonsky, J.G. (2016). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Current insights. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., 12, 2115-2124.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S100312] [PMID: 27601906]
Chen, V.P., Gao, Y., Geng, L., Parks, R.J., Pang, Y.P., Brimijoin, S. (2015). Plasma butyrylcholinesterase regulates ghrelin to control aggression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112(7), 2251-2256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421536112] [PMID: 25646463]
Conners, C.K., Sitarenios, G., Parker, J.D., Epstein, J.N. (1998). The revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): Factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol., 26(4), 257-268.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022602400621] [PMID: 9700518]
Copeland, W.E., Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Egger, H. (2013). Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry, 170(2), 173-179.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010132] [PMID: 23377638]
Cusi, A.M., Nazarov, A., Holshausen, K., Macqueen, G.M., McKinnon, M.C. (2012). Systematic review of the neural basis of social cognition in patients with mood disorders. J. Psychiatry Neurosci., 37(3), 154-169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.100179] [PMID: 22297065]
Duncan, L., Georgiades, K., Wang, L., Van Lieshout, R.J., MacMillan, H.L., Ferro, M.A., Lipman, E.L., Szatmari, P., Bennett, K., Kata, A., Janus, M., Boyle, M.H. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID). Psychol. Assess., 30(7), 916-928.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000541] [PMID: 29199837]
Eknoyan, G. (2008). Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874)--the average man and indices of obesity. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 23(1), 47-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfm517] [PMID: 17890752]
Farr, O.M., Tsoukas, M.A., Mantzoros, C.S. (2015). Leptin and the brain: Influences on brain development, cognitive functioning and psychiatric disorders. Metabolism, 64(1), 114-130.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.004] [PMID: 25092133]
Fernandes, B.S., Dash, S., Jacka, F., Dodd, S., Carvalho, A.F., Köhler, C.A., Steiner, J., da Graça Cantarelli, M., Nardin, P., Gonçalves, C.A., Berk, M. (2016). Leptin in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Psychiatry, 35, 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.02.003] [PMID: 27065008]
Fulton, S., Pissios, P., Manchon, R.P., Stiles, L., Frank, L., Pothos, E.N., Maratos-Flier, E., Flier, J.S. (2006). Leptin regulation of the mesoaccumbens dopamine pathway. Neuron, 51(6), 811-822.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.006] [PMID: 16982425]
Fulton, S., Woodside, B., Shizgal, P. (2000). Modulation of brain reward circuitry by leptin. Science, 287(5450), 125-128.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5450.125] [PMID: 10615045]
Garg, S., Kumar, R., Sharma, V., Chauhan, A. (2020). Study of prevalence of violence and its association with psychopathology in patients with first episode of psychosis in one of the tertiary care centre of North India. Natl. J. Med. Res., 10(1), 21-25.
Ge, T., Fan, J., Yang, W., Cui, R., Li, B. (2018). Leptin in depression: A potential therapeutic target. Cell Death Dis., 9(11), 1096.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-1129-1] [PMID: 30367065]
Gecici, O., Kuloglu, M., Atmaca, M., Tezcan, A.E., Tunckol, H., Emül, H.M., Ustundag, B. (2005). High serum leptin levels in depressive disorders with atypical features. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 59(6), 736-738.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2005.01445.x] [PMID: 16401252]
Glick, A.R. (2015). The role of serotonin in impulsive aggression, suicide, and homicide in adolescents and adults: A literature review. Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health, 27(2), 143-150.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-5005] [PMID: 25924230]
Goldberg, D., Williams, P. (1988). A user’s guide to the General Health Questionnaire GHQ.. Windsor, Berkshire, England: NFER-Nelson Publishing Co. Ltd..
Hagenbeek, F.A., Kluft, C., Hankemeier, T., Bartels, M., Draisma, H.H., Middeldorp, C.M., Berger, R., Noto, A., Lussu, M., Pool, R., Fanos, V., Boomsma, D.I. (2016). Discovery of biochemical biomarkers for aggression: A role for metabolomics in psychiatry. Am. J. Med. Genet. B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet., 171(5), 719-732.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32435] [PMID: 26913573]
Hjell, G., Mørch-Johnsen, L., Holst, R., Tesli, N., Bell, C., Lunding, S.H., Rødevand, L., Werner, M.C.F., Melle, I., Andreassen, O.A., Lagerberg, T.V., Steen, N.E., Haukvik, U.K. (2020). Disentangling the relationship between cholesterol, aggression, and impulsivity in severe mental disorders. Brain Behav., 10(9)e01751
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1751] [PMID: 32681586]
Hommel, J.D., Trinko, R., Sears, R.M., Georgescu, D., Liu, Z.W., Gao, X.B., Thurmon, J.J., Marinelli, M., DiLeone, R.J. (2006). Leptin receptor signaling in midbrain dopamine neurons regulates feeding. Neuron, 51(6), 801-810.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.023] [PMID: 16982424]
Ishitobi, Y., Kohno, K., Kanehisa, M., Inoue, A., Imanaga, J., Maruyama, Y., Ninomiya, T., Higuma, H., Okamoto, S., Tanaka, Y., Tsuru, J., Hanada, H., Isogawa, K., Akiyoshi, J. (2012). Serum ghrelin levels and the effects of antidepressants in major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 66(3), 185-192.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000339948] [PMID: 22948519]
Jow, G.M., Yang, T.T., Chen, C.L. (2006). Leptin and cholesterol levels are low in major depressive disorder, but high in schizophrenia. J. Affect. Disord., 90(1), 21-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2005.09.015] [PMID: 16324751]
Kandasamy, P., Girimaji, S.C., Seshadri, S.P., Srinath, S., Kommu, J.V.S. (2019). Favourable short-term course and outcome of pediatric anxiety spectrum disorders: A prospective study from India. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry Ment. Health, 13(1), 11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13034-019-0272-5] [PMID: 30858876]
Kaplan, L.M. (1998). Leptin, obesity, and liver disease. Gastroenterology, 115(4), 997-1001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70272-0] [PMID: 9753503]
Kim, E.J., Hong, J., Hwang, J.W. (2019). The association between depressive mood and cholesterol levels in Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Investig., 16(10), 737-744.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.03.24] [PMID: 31474090]
Kluge, M., Schüssler, P., Dresler, M., Schmidt, D., Yassouridis, A., Uhr, M., Steiger, A. (2011). Effects of ghrelin on psychopathology, sleep and secretion of cortisol and growth hormone in patients with major depression. J. Psychiatr. Res., 45(3), 421-426.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.002] [PMID: 20888580]
Kluge, M., Schüssler, P., Zuber, V., Yassouridis, A., Steiger, A. (2007). Ghrelin administered in the early morning increases secretion of cortisol and growth hormone without affecting sleep. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32(3), 287-292.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.12.015] [PMID: 17317021]
Licinio, J., Mantzoros, C., Negrão, A.B., Cizza, G., Wong, M.L., Bongiorno, P.B., Chrousos, G.P., Karp, B., Allen, C., Flier, J.S., Gold, P.W. (1997). Human leptin levels are pulsatile and inversely related to pituitary-adrenal function. Nat. Med., 3(5), 575-579.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0597-575] [PMID: 9142131]
Meyers, E., DeSerisy, M., Roy, A.K. (2017). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD): An RDoC perspective. J. Affect. Disord., 216, 117-122.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.007] [PMID: 27554606]
Mohta, A., Malhotra, S., Gupta, S.K., Kalaivani, M., Patra, B.N., Nongkynrih, B. (2020). Depression among adolescents in a rural community of north India: A cross-sectional study. J. Family Med. Prim. Care, 9(11), 5671-5677.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1152_20] [PMID: 33532412]
Muldoon, M.F., Rossouw, J.E., Manuck, S.B., Glueck, C.J., Kaplan, J.R., Kaufmann, P.G. (1993). Low or lowered cholesterol and risk of death from suicide and trauma. Metabolism, 42(9) (Suppl. 1), 45-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(93)90259-Q] [PMID: 8412786]
Müller, M.M., Rau, H., Brody, S., Elbert, T., Heinle, H. (1995). The relationship between habitual anger coping style and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Biol. Psychol., 41(1), 69-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(95)05124-S] [PMID: 8562675]
Munhoz, T.N., Santos, I.S., Barros, A.J.D., Anselmi, L., Barros, F.C., Matijasevich, A. (2017). Perinatal and postnatal risk factors for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder at age 11: 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. J. Affect. Disord., 215, 263-268.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.040] [PMID: 28347949]
Nasrallah, H.A. (2018). The puzzling relationship between cholesterol and psychopathology. Curr. Psychiatr., 17(1), 4-6.
Ozsoy, S., Besirli, A., Abdulrezzak, U., Basturk, M. (2014). Serum ghrelin and leptin levels in patients with depression and the effects of treatment. Psychiatry Investig., 11(2), 167-172.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4306/pi.2014.11.2.167] [PMID: 24843372]
Parker, G., Tavella, G. (2018). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: A critical perspective. Can. J. Psychiatry, 63(12), 813-815.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743718789900] [PMID: 30009630]
Qin, M., Vlachantoni, A., Evandrou, M., Falkingham, J. (2018). General Health Questionnaire-12 reliability, factor structure, and external validity among older adults in India. Indian J. Psychiatry, 60(1), 56-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_112_17] [PMID: 29736063]
Raven, J.C. (1936). Mental tests used in genetic studies: The performance of related individuals on tests mainly educative and mainly reproductive. MSc Thesis, University of London..
Schellekens, H., Finger, B.C., Dinan, T.G., Cryan, J.F. (2012). Ghrelin signalling and obesity: At the interface of stress, mood and food reward. Pharmacol. Ther., 135(3), 316-326.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.06.004] [PMID: 22749794]
Shaffer, D., Gould, M.S., Brasic, J., Ambrosini, P., Fisher, P., Bird, H., Aluwahlia, S. (1983). A children’s global assessment scale (CGAS). Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 40(11), 1228-1231.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010] [PMID: 6639293]
Sen, P., Adewusi, D., Blakemore, A.I., Kumari, V. (2021). How do lipids influence risk of violence, self-harm and suicidality in people with psychosis? A systematic review. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry, 948674211025608
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00048674211025608] [PMID: 34240626]
Sheehan, D.V., Sheehan, K.H., Shytle, R.D., Janavs, J., Bannon, Y., Rogers, J.E., Milo, K.M., Stock, S.L., Wilkinson, B. (2010). Reliability and validity of the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID). J. Clin. Psychiatry, 71(3), 313-326.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05305whi] [PMID: 20331933]
Shrivastava, A., Johnston, M.E., Shah, N., Innamorati, M., Stitt, L., Thakar, M., Lester, D., Pompili, M. (2010). Persistent suicide risk in clinically improved schizophrenia patients: Challenge of the suicidal dimension. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., 6, 633-638.
[PMID: 20957123]
Sinha, M.K., Ohannesian, J.P., Heiman, M.L., Kriauciunas, A., Stephens, T.W., Magosin, S., Marco, C., Caro, J.F. (1996). Nocturnal rise of leptin in lean, obese, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects. J. Clin. Invest., 97(5), 1344-1347.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI118551] [PMID: 8636448]
Sinha, U. (1968). The use of Raven’s Progressive Matrices test in India. Indian Educational Review, 3(1), 75-88.
Sparks, G.M., Axelson, D.A., Yu, H., Ha, W., Ballester, J., Diler, R.S., Goldstein, B., Goldstein, T., Hickey, M.B., Ladouceur, C.D., Monk, K., Sakolsky, D., Birmaher, B. (2014). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and chronic irritability in youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 53(4), 408-416.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.026] [PMID: 24655650]
Stephens, T.W., Basinski, M., Bristow, P.K., Bue-Valleskey, J.M., Burgett, S.G., Craft, L., Hale, J., Hoffmann, J., Hsiung, H.M., Kriauciunas, A., MacKellar, W., Rosteck, P.R., Jr, Schoner, B., Smith, D., Tinsley, F.C., Zhang, X-Y., Heiman, M. (1995). The role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product. Nature, 377(6549), 530-532.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377530a0] [PMID: 7566151]
Stringaris, A., Goodman, R., Ferdinando, S., Razdan, V., Muhrer, E., Leibenluft, E., Brotman, M.A. (2012). The affective reactivity index: A concise irritability scale for clinical and research settings. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 53(11), 1109-1117.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02561.x] [PMID: 22574736]
Tiwari, R., Agarwal, V., Arya, A., Gupta, P.K., Mahour, P. (2016). An exploratory clinical study of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in children and adolescents from India. Asian J. Psychiatr., 21, 37-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2016.02.005] [PMID: 27208455]
Tuem, K.B., Atey, T.M. (2017). Neuroactive steroids: Receptor interactions and responses. Front. Neurol., 8, 442.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00442] [PMID: 28894435]
Varela, L., Vázquez, M.J., Cordido, F., Nogueiras, R., Vidal-Puig, A., Diéguez, C., López, M. (2011). Ghrelin and lipid metabolism: Key partners in energy balance. J. Mol. Endocrinol., 46(2), R43-R63.
[PMID: 21169422]
Vestlund, J., Winsa-Jörnulf, J., Hovey, D., Lundström, S., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H., Studer, E., Suchankova, P., Westberg, L., Jerlhag, E. (2019). Ghrelin and aggressive behaviours-Evidence from preclinical and human genetic studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 104, 80-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.02.020] [PMID: 30818255]
Wang, H.C., Yang, Y.K., Chen, P.S., Lee, I.H., Yeh, T.L., Lu, R.B. (2007). Increased plasma leptin in antipsychotic-naïve females with schizophrenia, but not in males. Neuropsychobiology, 56(4), 213-215.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000122267] [PMID: 18382119]
Zhang, L., Yuan, L.H., Xiao, Y., Lu, M.Y., Zhang, L.J., Wang, Y. (2014). Association of leptin gene -2548 G/A polymorphism with obesity: A meta-analysis. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 64(2), 127-136.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000363392] [PMID: 25034151]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
20
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy