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Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5206
ISSN (Online): 1875-5992

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Research Article

Caracasine, An ent-kaurane Diterpene with Proapoptotic and Pro-differentiator Activity in Human Leukaemia Cell Lines

Author(s): Gricelis Patricia Martínez*, Michael Rodney Mijares, Katiuska Chávez, Perla Chirinos, Alírica Isabel Suárez, Reinaldo Santi Compagnone and Juan Bautista De Sanctis

Volume 23, Issue 10, 2023

Published on: 15 June, 2022

Page: [1145 - 1155] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220415105615

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Kaurane-type diterpenoids, obtained from various natural sources, have shown many biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. Caracasine, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from the flowers of Croton micans, was shown to induce apoptosis in leukaemia cell lines.

Objective: The present study aimed to ascertain the compound’s mechanism of cell death induction using two leukaemia cell lines, Jurkat E6.1 (T cell) and HL-60 (promyeloblast cells).

Methods: Cell death in Jurkat and HL60 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry for apoptosis with annexin-V/PI, mitochondrial membrane potential disturbance, changes in cell cycle, CD95 expression, caspase activation, Nuclear Factor kappa B inhibition, and differentiation into a neutrophil-like cell (dHL60).

Results: Caracasine (10 μM) increased the G0/G1 phase in Jurkat and arrested the cell cycle in the S phase in HL60. Caracasine increased CD95 expression (p<0.01 in Jurkat and p<0.05 in HL60) and caspase-8 activation (p<0.001 in Jurkat and p<0.05 in HL60). Caspase-9 was activated in both cell lines (p<0.001) along with the decline in mitochondrial Δψm (p<0.05 in Jurkat and p<0.001 in HL60). In HL60 cells, the kaurane induced neutrophil differentiation was assessed by CD40 expression and reactive oxygen species production. In Jurkat cells, caracasine inhibited the NF-κB pathway in cells pretreated with PHA to activate the NF-κB pathway, suggesting a possible role in inflammatory diseases.

Conclusion: Caracasine induced apoptosis through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in both cell lines were evaluated which could be the leading structure for new anti-leukemic and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Keywords: Caracasine, caracasine acid, apoptosis, differentiation, caspases, NF-κB, cell cycle, kaurane-type diterpenoids.

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