Generic placeholder image

Current Neuropharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-159X
ISSN (Online): 1875-6190

General Research Article

Adherence to, and Persistence of, Antidepressant Therapy in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Results from a Population-based Study in Italy

Author(s): Marco Di Nicola, Bernardo Dell’Osso, Ilaria Peduto, Riccardo Cipelli, Anna Cristina Pugliese, Maria Salvina Signorelli, Antonio Ventriglio and Giovanni Martinotti*

Volume 21, Issue 3, 2023

Published on: 03 November, 2022

Page: [727 - 739] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1570159X20666220411092813

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Background: Major depressive disorders represent a significant burden to society, and it is recommended that antidepressant therapy should last at least 6 months. In Italy, antidepressant use in clinical practice was reported to increase by 1.7% in 2020 compared to 2019, but only 40% of new prescriptions are characterized by a treatment duration longer than 3 months.

Objective: The study aims to describe adherence and persistence to therapy in a subset of antidepressants (citalopram, duloxetine, escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine) vs. vortioxetine in Italy during a 2-year period from 2017 to 2019.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the longitudinal patient database reporting data from general practitioners on drug prescriptions in Italy was carried out in a cohort of 8,235 adult patients who were prescribed antidepressants.

Results: Overall, 32.4% of the patients adhered to treatment for ≥6 months over a 1-year period. Vortioxetine had a lower risk of low adherence compared to duloxetine, paroxetine, and venlafaxine and a higher risk compared to citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline. 68.7% of patients discontinued treatment during follow-up. The greatest percentage of patients continuing therapy was seen with duloxetine, while citalopram was associated with the highest proportion of patients discontinuing therapy. No significant differences in discontinuation were observed when comparing vortioxetine to the other antidepressants.

Conclusion: Adherence results were considerably less than the 6-month recommendation in this real- world analysis of antidepressant therapies. Also, persistence to therapy was low, with most patients discontinuing treatment. Thus, there is a need for interventions to help patients adhere to their planned therapy.

Keywords: Adherence, antidepressants, major depressive disorders, persistence, retrospective study, real-world evidence

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Berardi, D.; Leggieri, G.; Ceroni, G.B.; Rucci, P.; Pezzoli, A.; Paltrinieri, E.; Grazian, N.; Ferrari, G. Depression in primary care. A nationwide epidemiological survey. Fam. Pract., 2002, 19(4), 397-400.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.4.397] [PMID: 12110562]
[2]
Carta, M.G.; Aguglia, E.; Bocchetta, A.; Balestrieri, M.; Caraci, F.; Casacchia, M.; Dell’osso, L.; Sciascio, G.D.; Drago, F.; Faravelli, C.; Lecca, M.E.; Moro, M.F.; Morosini, P.L.; Nardini, M.; Palumbo, G.; Hardoy, M.C. The use of antidepressant drugs and the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorders in Italy. Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Ment. Health, 2010, 6(1), 94-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901006010094] [PMID: 21253459]
[3]
de Girolamo, G.; Polidori, G.; Morosini, P.; Scarpino, V.; Reda, V.; Serra, G.; Mazzi, F.; Alonso, J.; Vilagut, G.; Visonà, G.; Falsirollo, F.; Rossi, A.; Warner, R. Prevalence of common mental disorders in Italy: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol., 2006, 41(11), 853-861.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0097-4] [PMID: 16915360]
[4]
Halaris, A.; Sohl, E.; Whitham, E.A. Treatment-resistant depression revisited: A glimmer of hope. J. Pers. Med., 2021, 11(2), 155.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020155] [PMID: 33672126]
[5]
Kessler, R.C. The costs of depression. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am., 2012, 35(1), 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2011.11.005] [PMID: 22370487]
[6]
James, S.L.; Abate, D.; Abate, K.H.; Abay, S.M.; Abbafati, C.; Abbasi, N.; Abbastabar, H.; Abd-Allah, F.; Abdela, J.; Abdelalim, A.; Abdollahpour, I.; Abdulkader, R.S.; Abebe, Z.; Abera, S.F.; Abil, O.Z.; Abraha, H.N.; Abu-Raddad, L.J.; Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E.; Accrombessi, M.M.K.; Acharya, D.; Acharya, P.; Ackerman, I.N.; Adamu, A.A.; Adebayo, O.M.; Adekanmbi, V.; Adetokunboh, O.O.; Adib, M.G.; Adsuar, J.C.; Afanvi, K.A.; Afarideh, M.; Afshin, A.; Agarwal, G.; Agesa, K.M.; Aggarwal, R.; Aghayan, S.A.; Agrawal, S.; Ahmadi, A.; Ahmadi, M.; Ahmadieh, H.; Ahmed, M.B.; Aichour, A.N.; Aichour, I.; Aichour, M.T.E.; Akinyemiju, T.; Akseer, N.; Al-Aly, Z.; Al-Eyadhy, A.; Al-Mekhlafi, H.M.; Al-Raddadi, R.M.; Alahdab, F.; Alam, K.; Alam, T.; Alashi, A.; Alavian, S.M.; Alene, K.A.; Alijanzadeh, M.; Alizadeh-Navaei, R.; Aljunid, S.M.; Alkerwi, A.; Alla, F.; Allebeck, P.; Alouani, M.M.L.; Altirkawi, K.; Alvis-Guzman, N.; Amare, A.T.; Aminde, L.N.; Ammar, W.; Amoako, Y.A.; Anber, N.H.; Andrei, C.L.; Androudi, S.; Animut, M.D.; Anjomshoa, M.; Ansha, M.G.; Antonio, C.A.T.; Anwari, P.; Arabloo, J.; Arauz, A.; Aremu, O.; Ariani, F.; Armoon, B.; Ärnlöv, J.; Arora, A.; Artaman, A.; Aryal, K.K.; Asayesh, H.; Asghar, R.J.; Ataro, Z.; Atre, S.R.; Ausloos, M.; Avila-Burgos, L.; Avokpaho, E.F.G.A.; Awasthi, A.; Ayala Quintanilla, B.P.; Ayer, R.; Azzopardi, P.S.; Babazadeh, A.; Badali, H.; Badawi, A.; Bali, A.G.; Ballesteros, K.E.; Ballew, S.H.; Banach, M.; Banoub, J.A.M.; Banstola, A.; Barac, A.; Barboza, M.A.; Barker-Collo, S.L.; Bärnighausen, T.W.; Barrero, L.H.; Baune, B.T.; Bazargan-Hejazi, S.; Bedi, N.; Beghi, E.; Behzadifar, M.; Behzadifar, M.; Béjot, Y.; Belachew, A.B.; Belay, Y.A.; Bell, M.L.; Bello, A.K.; Bensenor, I.M.; Bernabe, E.; Bernstein, R.S.; Beuran, M.; Beyranvand, T.; Bhala, N.; Bhattarai, S.; Bhaumik, S.; Bhutta, Z.A.; Biadgo, B.; Bijani, A.; Bikbov, B.; Bilano, V.; Bililign, N.; Bin Sayeed, M.S.; Bisanzio, D.; Blacker, B.F.; Blyth, F.M.; Bou-Orm, I.R.; Boufous, S.; Bourne, R.; Brady, O.J.; Brainin, M.; Brant, L.C.; Brazinova, A.; Breitborde, N.J.K.; Brenner, H.; Briant, P.S.; Briggs, A.M.; Briko, A.N.; Britton, G.; Brugha, T.; Buchbinder, R.; Busse, R.; Butt, Z.A.; Cahuana-Hurtado, L.; Cano, J.; Cárdenas, R.; Carrero, J.J.; Carter, A.; Carvalho, F.; Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A.; Castillo Rivas, J.; Castro, F.; Catalá-López, F.; Cercy, K.M.; Cerin, E.; Chaiah, Y.; Chang, A.R.; Chang, H-Y.; Chang, J-C.; Charlson, F.J.; Chattopadhyay, A.; Chattu, V.K.; Chaturvedi, P.; Chiang, P.P-C.; Chin, K.L.; Chitheer, A.; Choi, J-Y.J.; Chowdhury, R.; Christensen, H.; Christopher, D.J.; Cicuttini, F.M.; Ciobanu, L.G.; Cirillo, M.; Claro, R.M.; Collado-Mateo, D.; Cooper, C.; Coresh, J.; Cortesi, P.A.; Cortinovis, M.; Costa, M.; Cousin, E.; Criqui, M.H.; Cromwell, E.A.; Cross, M.; Crump, J.A.; Dadi, A.F.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Dargan, P.I.; Daryani, A.; Das Gupta, R.; Das Neves, J.; Dasa, T.T.; Davey, G.; Davis, A.C.; Davitoiu, D.V.; De Courten, B.; De La Hoz, F.P.; De Leo, D.; De Neve, J-W.; Degefa, M.G.; Degenhardt, L.; Deiparine, S.; Dellavalle, R.P.; Demoz, G.T.; Deribe, K.; Dervenis, N.; Des Jarlais, D.C.; Dessie, G.A.; Dey, S.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dinberu, M.T.; Dirac, M.A.; Djalalinia, S.; Doan, L.; Dokova, K.; Doku, D.T.; Dorsey, E.R.; Doyle, K.E.; Driscoll, T.R.; Dubey, M.; Dubljanin, E.; Duken, E.E.; Duncan, B.B.; Duraes, A.R.; Ebrahimi, H.; Ebrahimpour, S.; Echko, M.M.; Edvardsson, D.; Effiong, A.; Ehrlich, J.R.; El Bcheraoui, C.; El Sayed Zaki, M.; El-Khatib, Z.; Elkout, H.; Elyazar, I.R.F.; Enayati, A.; Endries, A.Y.; Er, B.; Erskine, H.E.; Eshrati, B.; Eskandarieh, S.; Esteghamati, A.; Esteghamati, S.; Fakhim, H.; Fallah Omrani, V.; Faramarzi, M.; Fareed, M.; Farhadi, F.; Farid, T.A.; Farinha, C.S.E.; Farioli, A.; Faro, A.; Farvid, M.S.; Farzadfar, F.; Feigin, V.L.; Fentahun, N.; Fereshtehnejad, S-M.; Fernandes, E.; Fernandes, J.C.; Ferrari, A.J.; Feyissa, G.T.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Fitzmaurice, C.; Foigt, N.A.; Foreman, K.J.; Fox, J.; Frank, T.D.; Fukumoto, T.; Fullman, N.; Fürst, T.; Furtado, J.M.; Futran, N.D.; Gall, S.; Ganji, M.; Gankpe, F.G.; Garcia-Basteiro, A.L.; Gardner, W.M.; Gebre, A.K.; Gebremedhin, A.T.; Gebremichael, T.G.; Gelano, T.F.; Geleijnse, J.M.; Genova-Maleras, R.; Geramo, Y.C.D.; Gething, P.W.; Gezae, K.E.; Ghadiri, K.; Ghasemi, F.K.; Ghasemi-Kasman, M.; Ghimire, M.; Ghosh, R.; Ghoshal, A.G.; Giampaoli, S.; Gill, P.S.; Gill, T.K.; Ginawi, I.A.; Giussani, G.; Gnedovskaya, E.V.; Goldberg, E.M.; Goli, S.; Gómez-Dantés, H.; Gona, P.N.; Gopalani, S.V.; Gorman, T.M.; Goulart, A.C.; Goulart, B.N.G.; Grada, A.; Grams, M.E.; Grosso, G.; Gugnani, H.C.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, P.C.; Gupta, R.; Gupta, R.; Gupta, T.; Gyawali, B.; Haagsma, J.A.; Hachinski, V.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Haghparast, B.H.; Hagos, T.B.; Hailu, G.B.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Hamadeh, R.R.; Hamidi, S.; Handal, A.J.; Hankey, G.J.; Hao, Y.; Harb, H.L.; Harikrishnan, S.; Haro, J.M.; Hasan, M.; Hassankhani, H.; Hassen, H.Y.; Havmoeller, R.; Hawley, C.N.; Hay, R.J.; Hay, S.I.; Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A.; Heibati, B.; Hendrie, D.; Henok, A.; Herteliu, C.; Heydarpour, S.; Hibstu, D.T.; Hoang, H.T.; Hoek, H.W.; Hoffman, H.J.; Hole, M.K.; Homaie Rad, E.; Hoogar, P.; Hosgood, H.D.; Hosseini, S.M.; Hosseinzadeh, M.; Hostiuc, M.; Hostiuc, S.; Hotez, P.J.; Hoy, D.G.; Hsairi, M.; Htet, A.S.; Hu, G.; Huang, J.J.; Huynh, C.K.; Iburg, K.M.; Ikeda, C.T.; Ileanu, B.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Iqbal, U.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Irvine, C.M.S.; Islam, S.M.S.; Islami, F.; Jacobsen, K.H.; Jahangiry, L.; Jahanmehr, N.; Jain, S.K.; Jakovljevic, M.; Javanbakht, M.; Jayatilleke, A.U.; Jeemon, P.; Jha, R.P.; Jha, V.; Ji, J.S.; Johnson, C.O.; Jonas, J.B.; Jozwiak, J.J.; Jungari, S.B.; Jürisson, M.; Kabir, Z.; Kadel, R.; Kahsay, A.; Kalani, R.; Kanchan, T.; Karami, M.; Karami Matin, B.; Karch, A.; Karema, C.; Karimi, N.; Karimi, S.M.; Kasaeian, A.; Kassa, D.H.; Kassa, G.M.; Kassa, T.D.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Katikireddi, S.V.; Kawakami, N.; Karyani, A.K.; Keighobadi, M.M.; Keiyoro, P.N.; Kemmer, L.; Kemp, G.R.; Kengne, A.P.; Keren, A.; Khader, Y.S.; Khafaei, B.; Khafaie, M.A.; Khajavi, A.; Khalil, I.A.; Khan, E.A.; Khan, M.S.; Khan, M.A.; Khang, Y-H.; Khazaei, M.; Khoja, A.T.; Khosravi, A.; Khosravi, M.H.; Kiadaliri, A.A.; Kiirithio, D.N.; Kim, C-I.; Kim, D.; Kim, P.; Kim, Y-E.; Kim, Y.J.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kinfu, Y.; Kisa, A.; Kissimova-Skarbek, K.; Kivimäki, M.; Knudsen, A.K.S.; Kocarnik, J.M.; Kochhar, S.; Kokubo, Y.; Kolola, T.; Kopec, J.A.; Kosen, S.; Kotsakis, G.A.; Koul, P.A.; Koyanagi, A.; Kravchenko, M.A.; Krishan, K.; Krohn, K.J.; Kuate, Defo B.; Kucuk Bicer, B.; Kumar, G.A.; Kumar, M.; Kyu, H.H.; Lad, D.P.; Lad, S.D.; Lafranconi, A.; Lalloo, R.; Lallukka, T.; Lami, F.H.; Lansingh, V.C.; Latifi, A.; Lau, K.M-M.; Lazarus, J.V.; Leasher, J.L.; Ledesma, J.R.; Lee, P.H.; Leigh, J.; Leung, J.; Levi, M.; Lewycka, S.; Li, S.; Li, Y.; Liao, Y.; Liben, M.L.; Lim, L-L.; Lim, S.S.; Liu, S.; Lodha, R.; Looker, K.J.; Lopez, A.D.; Lorkowski, S.; Lotufo, P.A.; Low, N.; Lozano, R.; Lucas, T.C.D.; Lucchesi, L.R.; Lunevicius, R.; Lyons, R.A.; Ma, S.; Macarayan, E.R.K.; Mackay, M.T.; Madotto, F.; Magdy Abd El Razek, H.; Magdy Abd El Razek, M.; Maghavani, D.P.; Mahotra, N.B.; Mai, H.T.; Majdan, M.; Majdzadeh, R.; Majeed, A.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malta, D.C.; Mamun, A.A.; Manda, A-L.; Manguerra, H.; Manhertz, T.; Mansournia, M.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Mapoma, C.C.; Maravilla, J.C.; Marcenes, W.; Marks, A.; Martins-Melo, F.R.; Martopullo, I.; März, W.; Marzan, M.B.; Mashamba-Thompson, T.P.; Massenburg, B.B.; Mathur, M.R.; Matsushita, K.; Maulik, P.K.; Mazidi, M.; McAlinden, C.; McGrath, J.J.; McKee, M.; Mehndiratta, M.M.; Mehrotra, R.; Mehta, K.M.; Mehta, V.; Mejia-Rodriguez, F.; Mekonen, T.; Melese, A.; Melku, M.; Meltzer, M.; Memiah, P.T.N.; Memish, Z.A.; Mendoza, W.; Mengistu, D.T.; Mengistu, G.; Mensah, G.A.; Mereta, S.T.; Meretoja, A.; Meretoja, T.J.; Mestrovic, T.; Mezerji, N.M.G.; Miazgowski, B.; Miazgowski, T.; Millear, A.I.; Miller, T.R.; Miltz, B.; Mini, G.K.; Mirarefin, M.; Mirrakhimov, E.M.; Misganaw, A.T.; Mitchell, P.B.; Mitiku, H.; Moazen, B.; Mohajer, B.; Mohammad, K.A.; Mohammadifard, N.; Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M.; Mohammed, M.A.; Mohammed, S.; Mohebi, F.; Moitra, M.; Mokdad, A.H.; Molokhia, M.; Monasta, L.; Moodley, Y.; Moosazadeh, M.; Moradi, G.; Moradi-Lakeh, M.; Moradinazar, M.; Moraga, P.; Morawska, L.; Moreno Velásquez, I.; Morgado-Da-Costa, J.; Morrison, S.D.; Moschos, M.M.; Mountjoy-Venning, W.C.; Mousavi, S.M.; Mruts, K.B.; Muche, A.A.; Muchie, K.F.; Mueller, U.O.; Muhammed, O.S.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Muller, K.; Mumford, J.E.; Murhekar, M.; Musa, J.; Musa, K.I.; Mustafa, G.; Nabhan, A.F.; Nagata, C.; Naghavi, M.; Naheed, A.; Nahvijou, A.; Naik, G.; Naik, N.; Najafi, F.; Naldi, L.; Nam, H.S.; Nangia, V.; Nansseu, J.R.; Nascimento, B.R.; Natarajan, G.; Neamati, N.; Negoi, I.; Negoi, R.I.; Neupane, S.; Newton, C.R.J.; Ngunjiri, J.W.; Nguyen, A.Q.; Nguyen, H.T.; Nguyen, H.L.T.; Nguyen, H.T.; Nguyen, L.H.; Nguyen, M.; Nguyen, N.B.; Nguyen, S.H.; Nichols, E.; Ningrum, D.N.A.; Nixon, M.R.; Nolutshungu, N.; Nomura, S.; Norheim, O.F.; Noroozi, M.; Norrving, B.; Noubiap, J.J.; Nouri, H.R.; Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M.; Nowroozi, M.R.; Nsoesie, E.O.; Nyasulu, P.S.; Odell, C.M.; Ofori-Asenso, R.; Ogbo, F.A.; Oh, I-H.; Oladimeji, O.; Olagunju, A.T.; Olagunju, T.O.; Olivares, P.R.; Olsen, H.E.; Olusanya, B.O.; Ong, K.L.; Ong, S.K.; Oren, E.; Ortiz, A.; Ota, E.; Otstavnov, S.S.; Øverland, S.; Owolabi, M.O.; P A, M.; Pacella, R.; Pakpour, A.H.; Pana, A.; Panda-Jonas, S.; Parisi, A.; Park, E-K.; Parry, C.D.H.; Patel, S.; Pati, S.; Patil, S.T.; Patle, A.; Patton, G.C.; Paturi, V.R.; Paulson, K.R.; Pearce, N.; Pereira, D.M.; Perico, N.; Pesudovs, K.; Pham, H.Q.; Phillips, M.R.; Pigott, D.M.; Pillay, J.D.; Piradov, M.A.; Pirsaheb, M.; Pishgar, F.; Plana-Ripoll, O.; Plass, D.; Polinder, S.; Popova, S.; Postma, M.J.; Pourshams, A.; Poustchi, H.; Prabhakaran, D.; Prakash, S.; Prakash, V.; Purcell, C.A.; Purwar, M.B.; Qorbani, M.; Quistberg, D.A.; Radfar, A.; Rafay, A.; Rafiei, A.; Rahim, F.; Rahimi, K.; Rahimi-Movaghar, A.; Rahimi-Movaghar, V.; Rahman, M.; Rahman, M.H.; Rahman, M.A.; Rahman, S.U.; Rai, R.K.; Rajati, F.; Ram, U.; Ranjan, P.; Ranta, A.; Rao, P.C.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Reddy, K.S.; Reiner, R.C.; Reinig, N.; Reitsma, M.B.; Remuzzi, G.; Renzaho, A.M.N.; Resnikoff, S.; Rezaei, S.; Rezai, M.S.; Ribeiro, A.L.P.; Roberts, N.L.S.; Robinson, S.R.; Roever, L.; Ronfani, L.; Roshandel, G.; Rostami, A.; Roth, G.A.; Roy, A.; Rubagotti, E.; Sachdev, P.S.; Sadat, N.; Saddik, B.; Sadeghi, E.; Saeedi Moghaddam, S.; Safari, H.; Safari, Y.; Safari-Faramani, R.; Safdarian, M.; Safi, S.; Safiri, S.; Sagar, R.; Sahebkar, A.; Sahraian, M.A.; Sajadi, H.S.; Salam, N.; Salama, J.S.; Salamati, P.; Saleem, K.; Saleem, Z.; Salimi, Y.; Salomon, J.A.; Salvi, S.S.; Salz, I.; Samy, A.M.; Sanabria, J.; Sang, Y.; Santomauro, D.F.; Santos, I.S.; Santos, J.V.; Santric Milicevic, M.M.; Sao Jose, B.P.; Sardana, M.; Sarker, A.R.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sartorius, B.; Sarvi, S.; Sathian, B.; Satpathy, M.; Sawant, A.R.; Sawhney, M.; Saxena, S.; Saylan, M.; Schaeffner, E.; Schmidt, M.I.; Schneider, I.J.C.; Schöttker, B.; Schwebel, D.C.; Schwendicke, F.; Scott, J.G.; Sekerija, M.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Serván-Mori, E.; Seyedmousavi, S.; Shabaninejad, H.; Shafieesabet, A.; Shahbazi, M.; Shaheen, A.A.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shams-Beyranvand, M.; Shamsi, M.; Shamsizadeh, M.; Sharafi, H.; Sharafi, K.; Sharif, M.; Sharif-Alhoseini, M.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, R.; She, J.; Sheikh, A.; Shi, P.; Shibuya, K.; Shigematsu, M.; Shiri, R.; Shirkoohi, R.; Shishani, K.; Shiue, I.; Shokraneh, F.; Shoman, H.; Shrime, M.G.; Si, S.; Siabani, S.; Siddiqi, T.J.; Sigfusdottir, I.D.; Sigurvinsdottir, R.; Silva, J.P.; Silveira, D.G.A.; Singam, N.S.V.; Singh, J.A.; Singh, N.P.; Singh, V.; Sinha, D.N.; Skiadaresi, E.; Slepak, E.L.N.; Sliwa, K.; Smith, D.L.; Smith, M.; Soares Filho, A.M.; Sobaih, B.H.; Sobhani, S.; Sobngwi, E.; Soneji, S.S.; Soofi, M.; Soosaraei, M.; Sorensen, R.J.D.; Soriano, J.B.; Soyiri, I.N.; Sposato, L.A.; Sreeramareddy, C.T.; Srinivasan, V.; Stanaway, J.D.; Stein, D.J.; Steiner, C.; Steiner, T.J.; Stokes, M.A.; Stovner, L.J.; Subart, M.L.; Sudaryanto, A.; Sufiyan, M.B.; Sunguya, B.F.; Sur, P.J.; Sutradhar, I.; Sykes, B.L.; Sylte, D.O.; Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.; Tadakamadla, S.K.; Tadesse, B.T.; Tandon, N.; Tassew, S.G.; Tavakkoli, M.; Taveira, N.; Taylor, H.R.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A.; Tekalign, T.G.; Tekelemedhin, S.W.; Tekle, M.G.; Temesgen, H.; Temsah, M-H.; Temsah, O.; Terkawi, A.S.; Teweldemedhin, M.; Thankappan, K.R.; Thomas, N.; Tilahun, B.; To, Q.G.; Tonelli, M.; Topor-Madry, R.; Topouzis, F.; Torre, A.E.; Tortajada-Girbés, M.; Touvier, M.; Tovani-Palone, M.R.; Towbin, J.A.; Tran, B.X.; Tran, K.B.; Troeger, C.E.; Truelsen, T.C.; Tsilimbaris, M.K.; Tsoi, D.; Tudor Car, L.; Tuzcu, E.M.; Ukwaja, K.N.; Ullah, I.; Undurraga, E.A.; Unutzer, J.; Updike, R.L.; Usman, M.S.; Uthman, O.A.; Vaduganathan, M.; Vaezi, A.; Valdez, P.R.; Varughese, S.; Vasankari, T.J.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Villafaina, S.; Violante, F.S.; Vladimirov, S.K.; Vlassov, V.; Vollset, S.E.; Vosoughi, K.; Vujcic, I.S.; Wagnew, F.S.; Waheed, Y.; Waller, S.G.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y-P.; Weiderpass, E.; Weintraub, R.G.; Weiss, D.J.; Weldegebreal, F.; Weldegwergs, K.G.; Werdecker, A.; West, T.E.; Whiteford, H.A.; Widecka, J.; Wijeratne, T.; Wilner, L.B.; Wilson, S.; Winkler, A.S.; Wiyeh, A.B.; Wiysonge, C.S.; Wolfe, C.D.A.; Woolf, A.D.; Wu, S.; Wu, Y-C.; Wyper, G.M.A.; Xavier, D.; Xu, G.; Yadgir, S.; Yadollahpour, A.; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H.; Yamada, T.; Yan, L.L.; Yano, Y.; Yaseri, M.; Yasin, Y.J.; Yeshaneh, A.; Yimer, E.M.; Yip, P.; Yisma, E.; Yonemoto, N.; Yoon, S-J.; Yotebieng, M.; Younis, M.Z.; Yousefifard, M.; Yu, C.; Zadnik, V.; Zaidi, Z.; Zaman, S.B.; Zamani, M.; Zare, Z.; Zeleke, A.J.; Zenebe, Z.M.; Zhang, K.; Zhao, Z.; Zhou, M.; Zodpey, S.; Zucker, I.; Vos, T.; Murray, C.J.L. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2018, 392(10159), 1789-1858.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7] [PMID: 30496104]
[7]
Ramanuj, P.; Ferenchick, E.K.; Pincus, H.A. Depression in primary care: part 2-management. BMJ, 2019, 365, l835.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l835] [PMID: 30962249]
[9]
Hengartner, M.P.; Ploderl, M. Estimates of the minimal important difference to evaluate the clinical significance of antidepressants in the acute treatment of moderate-to-severe depression. BMJ Evid. Based Med., 2021, 27(2), 69-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111600] [PMID: 33593736]
[10]
Nutt, D. Massive overuse or appropriate medical intervention? The modern-day use of antidepressants. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 2012, 12(1), 109-110.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2011.12.001] [PMID: 22285393]
[11]
Ta, J.T.; Sullivan, S.D.; Tung, A.; Oliveri, D.; Gillard, P.; Devine, B. Health care resource utilization and costs associated with nonadherence and nonpersistence to antidepressants in major depressive disorder. J. Manag. Care Spec. Pharm., 2021, 27(2), 223-239.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2021.27.2.223] [PMID: 33506730]
[12]
WHO. Adherence to long-term therapies. Evidence for action. Available from: http://www.who.int/chp/knowledge/publications/adherence_report/en/ (Accessed 8 October 2021).
[13]
Higuera, L.; Carlin, C.S.; Anderson, S. Adherence to disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. J. Manag. Care Spec. Pharm., 2016, 22(12), 1394-1401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2016.22.12.1394] [PMID: 27882830]
[14]
Keyloun, K.R.; Hansen, R.N.; Hepp, Z.; Gillard, P.; Thase, M.E.; Devine, E.B. Erratum to: Adherence and persistence across antidepressant therapeutic classes: A retrospective claims analysis among insured US patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). CNS Drugs, 2017, 31(6), 511.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-017-0435-y] [PMID: 28451963]
[15]
NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Exellence. Depression in adults: recognition and management 2009. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90/resources/depression-in-adults-recognition-and-management-pdf-975742636741 (Accessed 8 October 2021).
[16]
Keyloun, K.R.; Hansen, R.N.; Hepp, Z.; Gillard, P.; Thase, M.E.; Devine, E.B. Adherence and persistence across antidepressant therapeutic classes: A retrospective claims analysis among insured US patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). CNS Drugs, 2017, 31(5), 421-432.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40263-017-0417-0] [PMID: 28378157]
[17]
Greenberg, P.E.; Kessler, R.C.; Birnbaum, H.G.; Leong, S.A.; Lowe, S.W.; Berglund, P.A.; Corey-Lisle, P.K. The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? J. Clin. Psychiatry, 2003, 64(12), 1465-1475.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v64n1211] [PMID: 14728109]
[18]
Sansone, R.A.; Sansone, L.A. Antidepressant adherence: are patients taking their medications? Innov. Clin. Neurosci., 2012, 9(5-6), 41-46.
[PMID: 22808448]
[19]
IQVIA. Available from: https://www.iqvia.com/about-us (Accessed 23 January 2022).
[20]
Agostoni, E.; Barbanti, P.; Frediani, F.; Trifirò, G.; Burgio, L.; di Nola, L.; Pegoraro, V.; Pulimeno, S.; Cepparulo, M. Real-world insights on the management of migraine patients: an Italian nationwide study. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2019, 35(9), 1545-1554.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2019.1602032] [PMID: 30924392]
[21]
Di Marco, F.; D’Amato, M.; Lombardo, F.P.; Micheletto, C.; Heiman, F.; Pegoraro, V.; Boarino, S.; Manna, G.; Mastromauro, F.; Spennato, S.; Papi, A. The burden of short-acting β2-agonist use in asthma: Is there an italian case? an update from SABINA program. Adv. Ther., 2021, 38(7), 3816-3830.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12325-021-01772-0] [PMID: 34043208]
[22]
Katz, P.; Pegoraro, V.; Liedgens, H. Characteristics, resource utilization and safety profile of patients prescribed with neuropathic pain treatments: a real-world evidence study on general practices in Europe - the role of the lidocaine 5% medicated plaster. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2017, 33(8), 1481-1489.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2017.1335191] [PMID: 28537441]
[23]
Cai, T.; Palagin, I.; Brunelli, R.; Cipelli, R.; Pellini, E.; Truzzi, J.C.; Van Bruwaene, S. Office-based approach to urinary tract infections in 50 000 patients: results from the REWIND study. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2020, 56(1)105966
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105966] [PMID: 32325202]
[24]
Colombo, G.L.; Heiman, F.; Peduto, I. Utilization of healthcare resources in osteoarthritis: A cost of illness analysis based on real-world data in Italy. Ther. Clin. Risk Manag., 2021, 17, 345-356.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S301005] [PMID: 33911870]
[25]
Dell’Osso, B.; Di Nicola, M.; Cipelli, R.; Peduto, I.; Pugliese, A.C.; Signorelli, M.S.; Ventriglio, A.; Martinotti, G. Antidepressant prescription for major depressive disorder: Results from a population-based study in Italy. Curr. Neuropharmacol., 2022, 20(12), 2381-2392.
[26]
WHO. Available from: https://www.whocc.no/ddd/ definition_ and_general_considera/ (Accessed 11 October 2021)
[27]
Wade, R.L.; Kindermann, S.L.; Hou, Q.; Thase, M.E. Comparative assessment of adherence measures and resource use in SSRI/SNRI-treated patients with depression using second-generation antipsychotics or L-methylfolate as adjunctive therapy. J. Manag. Care Pharm., 2014, 20(1), 76-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.1.76] [PMID: 24372461]
[28]
Aguglia, E.; Ravasio, R.; Simonetti, M.; Pecchioli, S.; Mazzoleni, F. Use and treatment modalities for SSRI and SNRI antidepressants in Italy during the period 2003-2009. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2012, 28(9), 1475-1484.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2012.713341] [PMID: 22809113]
[29]
Hayasaka, Y.; Purgato, M.; Magni, L.R.; Ogawa, Y.; Takeshima, N.; Cipriani, A.; Barbui, C.; Leucht, S.; Furukawa, T.A. Dose equivalents of antidepressants: Evidence-based recommendations from randomized controlled trials. J. Affect. Disord., 2015, 180, 179-184.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.021] [PMID: 25911132]
[30]
Khan, A.; Bose, A.; Alexopoulos, G.S.; Gommoll, C.; Li, D.; Gandhi, C. Double-blind comparison of escitalopram and duloxetine in the acute treatment of major depressive disorder. Clin. Drug Investig., 2007, 27(7), 481-492.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200727070-00005] [PMID: 17563128]
[31]
Lepola, U.M.; Loft, H.; Reines, E.H. Escitalopram (10-20 mg/day) is effective and well tolerated in a placebo-controlled study in depression in primary care. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2003, 18(4), 211-217.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.yic.0000074988.54339.7c] [PMID: 12817155]
[32]
Wang, G.; Gislum, M.; Filippov, G.; Montgomery, S. Comparison of vortioxetine versus venlafaxine XR in adults in Asia with major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind study. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2015, 31(4), 785-794.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1014028] [PMID: 25650503]
[33]
Serna, M.C.; Cruz, I.; Real, J.; Gascó, E.; Galván, L. Duration and adherence of antidepressant treatment (2003 to 2007) based on prescription database. Eur. Psychiatry, 2010, 25(4), 206-213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.07.012] [PMID: 20005684]
[34]
Sheehan, D.V.; Keene, M.S.; Eaddy, M.; Krulewicz, S.; Kraus, J.E.; Carpenter, D.J. Differences in medication adherence and healthcare resource utilization patterns: older versus newer antidepressant agents in patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders. CNS Drugs, 2008, 22(11), 963-973.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200822110-00005] [PMID: 18840035]
[35]
Gartlehner, G.; Thieda, P.; Hansen, R.A.; Gaynes, B.N.; Deveaugh-Geiss, A.; Krebs, E.E.; Lohr, K.N. Comparative risk for harms of second-generation antidepressants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Saf., 2008, 31(10), 851-865.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200831100-00004] [PMID: 18759509]
[36]
Edinoff, A.N.; Akuly, H.A.; Hanna, T.A.; Ochoa, C.O.; Patti, S.J.; Ghaffar, Y.A.; Kaye, A.D.; Viswanath, O.; Urits, I.; Boyer, A.G.; Cornett, E.M.; Kaye, A.M. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse effects: A narrative review. Neurol. Int., 2021, 13(3), 387-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13030038] [PMID: 34449705]
[37]
Harmer, C.J.; Duman, R.S.; Cowen, P.J. How do antidepressants work? New perspectives for refining future treatment approaches. Lancet Psychiatry, 2017, 4(5), 409-418.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30015-9] [PMID: 28153641]
[38]
Culbertson, V.L.; Rahman, S.E.; Bosen, G.C.; Caylor, M.L.; Echevarria, M.M.; Xu, D. Implications of off-target serotoninergic drug activity: An analysis of serotonin syndrome reports using a systematic bioinformatics approach. Pharmacotherapy, 2018, 38(9), 888-898.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phar.2163] [PMID: 29972695]
[39]
Braund, T.A.; Tillman, G.; Palmer, D.M.; Gordon, E.; Rush, A.J.; Harris, A.W.F. Antidepressant side effects and their impact on treatment outcome in people with major depressive disorder: an iSPOT-D report. Transl. Psychiatry, 2021, 11(1), 417.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01533-1] [PMID: 34349116]
[40]
Kelly, K.; Posternak, M.; Alpert, J.E. Toward achieving optimal response: understanding and managing antidepressant side effects. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci., 2008, 10(4), 409-418.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.4/kkelly] [PMID: 19170398]
[41]
Zullig, L.L.; Ramos, K.; Bosworth, H.B. Improving medication adherence in coronary heart disease. Curr. Cardiol. Rep., 2017, 19(11), 113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11886-017-0918-y] [PMID: 28940020]
[42]
Kim, Y.; Lee, Y.S.; Kim, M.G.; Song, Y.K.; Kim, Y.; Jang, H.; Kim, J.H.; Han, N.; Ji, E.; Kim, I.W.; Oh, J.M. The effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on major adverse cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled studies in depression. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 2019, 34(1), 9-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000238] [PMID: 30096056]
[43]
Prukkanone, B.; Vos, T.; Burgess, P.; Chaiyakunapruk, N.; Bertram, M. Adherence to antidepressant therapy for major depressive patients in a psychiatric hospital in Thailand. BMC Psychiatry, 2010, 10(1), 64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-10-64] [PMID: 20727215]
[44]
Wu, C.H.; Farley, J.F.; Gaynes, B.N. The association between antidepressant dosage titration and medication adherence among patients with depression. Depress. Anxiety, 2012, 29(6), 506-514.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.21952] [PMID: 22553149]
[45]
Sawada, N.; Uchida, H.; Suzuki, T.; Watanabe, K.; Kikuchi, T.; Handa, T.; Kashima, H. Persistence and compliance to antidepressant treatment in patients with depression: a chart review. BMC Psychiatry, 2009, 9(1), 38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-9-38] [PMID: 19531229]
[46]
Gonda, X.; Sharma, S.R.; Tarazi, F.I. Vortioxetine: a novel antidepressant for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Expert Opin. Drug Discov., 2019, 14(1), 81-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2019.1546691] [PMID: 30457395]
[47]
Milan, R.; Vasiliadis, H.M. The association between side effects and adherence to antidepressants among primary care community-dwelling older adults. Aging Ment. Health, 2020, 24(8), 1229-1236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1594165] [PMID: 30938182]
[48]
Buoli, M.; Rovera, C.; Pozzoli, S.M.; Fiorentini, A.; Cremaschi, L.; Caldiroli, A.; Altamura, A.C. Is trazodone more effective than clomipramine in major depressed outpatients? A single-blind study with intravenous and oral administration. CNS Spectr., 2019, 24(2), 258-264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1092852917000773] [PMID: 29081313]
[49]
Di Giannantonio, M.; Martinotti, G. Anhedonia and major depression: the role of agomelatine. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2012, 22(Suppl. 3), S505-S510.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.07.004] [PMID: 22959116]
[50]
Pereira, V.M.; Arias-Carrión, O.; Machado, S.; Nardi, A.E.; Silva, A.C. Bupropion in the depression-related sexual dysfunction: a systematic review. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets, 2014, 13(6), 1079-1088.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527313666140612112630] [PMID: 24923342]
[51]
De Berardis, D.; Fornaro, M.; Valchera, A.; Cavuto, M.; Perna, G.; Di Nicola, M.; Serafini, G.; Carano, A.; Pompili, M.; Vellante, F.; Orsolini, L.; Fiengo, A.; Ventriglio, A.; Yong-Ku, K.; Martinotti, G.; Di Giannantonio, M.; Tomasetti, C. Eradicating suicide at its roots: preclinical bases and clinical evidence of the efficacy of ketamine in the treatment of suicidal behaviors. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2018, 19(10), 2888.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102888] [PMID: 30249029]
[52]
Masand, P.S. Tolerability and adherence issues in antidepressant therapy. Clin. Ther., 2003, 25(8), 2289-2304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2918(03)80220-5] [PMID: 14512135]
[53]
Lewis, G.; Marston, L.; Duffy, L.; Freemantle, N.; Gilbody, S.; Hunter, R.; Kendrick, T.; Kessler, D.; Mangin, D.; King, M.; Lanham, P.; Moore, M.; Nazareth, I.; Wiles, N.; Bacon, F.; Bird, M.; Brabyn, S.; Burns, A.; Clarke, C.S.; Hunt, A.; Pervin, J.; Lewis, G. Maintenance or discontinuation of antidepressants in primary care. N. Engl. J. Med., 2021, 385(14), 1257-1267.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2106356] [PMID: 34587384]
[54]
Lawrence, D.F.; Manjelievskaia, J.; Chrones, L.; McCue, M.; Touya, M. Adherence and persistence among patients with major depressive disorder enrolled in the vortioxetine tAccess Patient Support Program. Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 2021, 37(8), 1385-1392.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2021.1918072] [PMID: 33904815]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy