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Current Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

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Review Article

Metallic Nanoparticles: A New Frontier in the Fight Against Leishmaniasis

Author(s): Rhanoica Oliveira Guerra, José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto, Tarcísio de Albuquerque Martins, Thaís Soares Farnesi de-Assunção, Virmondes Rodrigues Junior, Carlo José Freire de Oliveira, Anielle Christine Almeida Silva and Marcos Vinicius da Silva*

Volume 29, Issue 26, 2022

Published on: 10 May, 2022

Page: [4547 - 4573] Pages: 27

DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220225111052

Price: $65

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Abstract

Leishmaniasis, a cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral parasitic disease caused by the protozoa of the genus Leishmania, is responsible for approximately 20-40 thousand deaths annually, with Brazil, India, and certain countries in Africa being the most affected. In addition to the parasite’s ability to evade the host’s immune system, the incidence of vectors, genetics of different hosts, and several deaths are attributed to the limited conventional treatments that have high toxicity, low effectiveness, and prolonged therapeutic regimens. Thus, the development of new alternative therapeutic strategies remains warranted. Metallic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide, have shown promising therapeutic tools since they are easily prepared and chemically modified, have a broad spectrum of action and low toxicity, and can generate reactive oxygen species and other immune responses. This review explores the progress of the use of metallic nanoparticles as new tools in the treatment of leishmaniasis and discusses the gaps in knowledge hindering the development of a safe and effective therapeutic intervention against these infections.

Keywords: Leishmaniasis, nanoparticle, nanotheranostics, metallic nanoparticles, neglected diseases, treatment.

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