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Current Organic Synthesis

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ISSN (Print): 1570-1794
ISSN (Online): 1875-6271

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Review Article

Current Advances in Diazoles-based Chemosensors for CN- and FDetection

Author(s): Jeymy T. Sarmiento and Jaime Portilla*

Volume 20, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 21 June, 2022

Page: [77 - 95] Pages: 19

DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220218095741

Price: $65

Abstract

Advances in molecular probes have recently intensified because they are valuable tools in studying species of interest for human health, the environment, and industry. Among these species, cyanide (CN-) and fluoride (F-) stand out as hazardous and toxic ions in trace amounts. Thus, there is a significant interest in probes design for their detection with diverse diazoles (pyrazole and imidazole) used for this purpose. These diazole derivatives are known as functional molecules because of their known synthetic versatility and applicability, as they exhibit essential photophysical properties with helpful recognition centers. This review provides an overview of the recent progress (2017-2021) in diazole-based sensors for CN- and F- detection, using the azolic ring as a signaling or recognition unit. The discussion focuses on the mechanism of the action described for recognizing the anion, the structure of the probes with the best synthetic simplicity, detection limits (LODs), application, and selectivity. In this context, the analysis involves probes for cyanide sensing first, then probes for fluoride sensing, and ultimately, dual probes that allow both species recognition.

Keywords: Cyanide, fluorescence, fluoride, fused azoles, imidazoles, molecular probes, photophysical properties, pyrazoles.

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