Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4129
ISSN (Online): 1875-676X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Mini-Review Article

A Review on Analytical Method Development for the Estimation of a Potent Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist Tolterodine Tartrate

Author(s): Atyurmila Chakraborty, Sasmita Kumari Acharjya*, Sanat Kumar Dash, Satyanarayan Tripathy, Mitali Sahoo and Bimala Tripathy

Volume 18, Issue 6, 2022

Published on: 27 April, 2022

Page: [574 - 589] Pages: 16

DOI: 10.2174/1573412918666220217114052

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: A pharmaceutical will be clinically accepted if it is impurity-free and its dose is accurately maintained. For this, the contribution of analytical techniques for developing and validating a new pharmaceutical dosage form cannot be overlooked.

Introduction: Tolterodine tartrate is a potent competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist. It binds to the muscarinic M3 receptors in the bladder selectively and competitively. It is used to treat urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome. The 5-hydroxymethyl derivative is the pharmacologically active metabolite of Tolterodine tartrate, which is as potent as the main drug. It is available with α-adrenergic blocker Tamsulosin in combined pharmaceutical formulations, treating benign prostatic hyperplasia in men. This review article presents several analytical methods, including HPLC, HPTLC, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, electroanalytical, and various hyphenated techniques like GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-MS-MS, etc., for estimation of Tolterodine tartrate is present as a single material or in combined form in bulk materials, different pharmaceutical formulations, and biological matrices.

Conclusion: HPLC and spectrophotometry are the most widely used methods for determining the drug in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form among all these methods. LC-MS and LC-MSMS are widely used for the estimation of Tolterodine tartrate from plasma and other biological fluids. All the methods included in this article are accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective.

Keywords: Tolterodine tartrate, tamsulosin, analytical method, prostatic hyperplasia, spectrophotometry, muscarinic receptor, HPLC.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 9847786, Tolterodine tartrate. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tolterodine-tartrate
[2]
Detrol® tolterodine tartrate tablets. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/020771s019,021228s012lbl.pdf
[3]
Påhlman, I.; Gozzi, P. Serum protein binding of tolterodine and its major metabolites in humans and several animal species. Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 1999, 20(2), 91-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-081X(199903)20:2<91:AID-BDD162>3.0.CO;2-Y] [PMID: 10206324]
[4]
Callegari, E.; Malhotra, B.; Bungay, P.J.; Webster, R.; Fenner, K.S.; Kempshall, S.; LaPerle, J.L.; Michel, M.C.; Kay, G.G. A comprehensive non-clinical evaluation of the CNS penetration potential of antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of overactive bladder. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2011, 72(2), 235-246.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03961.x] [PMID: 21392072]
[5]
Tolterodine. Available from: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01036
[6]
Leone Roberti Maggiore, U.; Salvatore, S.; Alessandri, F.; Remorgida, V.; Origoni, M.; Candiani, M.; Venturini, P.L.; Ferrero, S. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of antimuscarinic drugs for overactive bladder treatment in females. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 2012, 8(11), 1387-1408.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2012.714365] [PMID: 22871042]
[7]
Detrol® LA. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/21228se8-006_detrol_lbl.pdf
[8]
Ruscin, J.M.; Morgenstern, N.E. Tolterodine use for symptoms of overactive bladder. Ann. Pharmacother., 1999, 33(10), 1073-1082.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.18427] [PMID: 10534221]
[9]
Gacci, M.; Novara, G.; De Nunzio, C.; Tubaro, A.; Schiavina, R.; Brunocilla, E.; Sebastianelli, A.; Salvi, M.; Oelke, M.; Gravas, S.; Carini, M.; Serni, S. Tolterodine extended release in the treatment of male OAB/storage LUTS: A systematic review. BMC Urol., 2014, 14, 84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-14-84] [PMID: 25348235]
[10]
Gacci, M.; Sebastianelli, A.; Salvi, M.; Schiavina, R.; Brunocilla, E.; Novara, G.; De Nunzio, C.; Tu-baro, A.; Oelke, M.; Gravas, S.; Carini, M.; Serni, S. Tolterodine in the treatment of male LUTS. Curr. Urol. Rep., 2015, 16(9), 60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11934-015-0531-9] [PMID: 26149965]
[11]
Ellsworth, P.I.; Borgstein, N.G.; Nijman, R.J.M.; Reddy, P.P. Use of tolterodine in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: Relationship between dose and urodynamic response. J. Urol., 2005, 174(4 Pt 2), 1647-1651.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000176622.81796.89] [PMID: 16148673]
[12]
Rajabalaya, R.; Leen, G.; Chellian, J.; Chakravarthi, S.; David, S.R. Tolterodine tartrate proniosomal gel transdermal delivery for overactive bladder. Pharmaceutics, 2016, 8(3), 27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics8030027] [PMID: 27589789]
[13]
Hesch, K. Agents for treatment of overactive bladder: A therapeutic class review. Proc. Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent., 2007, 20(3), 307-314.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2007.11928310] [PMID: 17637888]
[14]
Narain, S.; Parmar, M. Tolterodine.2021. Available from: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557858/
[15]
Cunha, J.P. Tolterodine. Available from: https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_tolterodine_detrol_detrol_la/drugs-condition.htm
[16]
Tolterodine. Available from: https://www.medindia.net/drug-price/tolterodine.htm
[17]
Chapple, C.R. Muscarinic receptor antagonists in the treatment of overactive bladder. Urology, 2000, 55(5A)(Suppl.), 33-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00492-6] [PMID: 10767450]
[18]
Todorova, A.; Vonderheid-Guth, B.; Dimpfel, W. Effects of tolterodine, trospium chloride, and ox-ybutynin on the central nervous system. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2001, 41(6), 636-644.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00912700122010528] [PMID: 11402632]
[19]
Garely, A.D.; Burrows, L. Benefit-risk assessment of tolterodine in the treatment of overactive bladder in adults. Drug Saf., 2004, 27(13), 1043-1057.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200427130-00005] [PMID: 15471509]
[20]
Harvey, M.A.; Baker, K.; Wells, G.A. Tolterodine versus oxybutynin in the treatment of urge urinary incontinence: A meta-analysis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2001, 185(1), 56-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2001.116371] [PMID: 11483904]
[21]
Rovner, E.S.; Wein, A.J. Antimuscarinic drugs for the treatment of female urinary incontinence. Womens Health (Lond. Engl.), 2006, 2(2), 251-265.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17455057.2.2.251] [PMID: 19803897]
[22]
Siddiqui, M.R.; AlOthman, Z.A.; Rahman, N. Analytical techniques in pharmaceutical analysis: A review. Arab. J. Chem., 2017, 10, S1409-S1421.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.016]
[23]
Kaplan, S.A.; Roehrborn, C.G.; Rovner, E.S.; Carlsson, M.; Bavendam, T.; Guan, Z. Tolterodine and tamsulosin for treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder: A ran-domized controlled trial. JAMA, 2006, 296(19), 2319-2328.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.19.2319] [PMID: 17105794]
[24]
Kealey, D.; Haines, P. J. Instant notes: Analytical Chemistry, BIOS Scientific Publishers: Oxford, 2002, 80(3), 156.
[25]
Siddhartha, B.; Babu, I.S.; Gupta, C.H.R.; Parthiban, C. Analytical method development and valida-tion for simultaneous estimation of tamsulosin and tolterodine in bulk & pharmaceutical dosage form by RP-HPLC method. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2014, 7(2), 156-160.
[26]
Kiranmai, M.; Anusha, K.; Kauser, R.; Prathyusha, J. Development & validation of RP-HPLC meth-od for simultaneous estimation of tamsulosin HCl & tolterodine tartrate in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. World J. Pharm. Res., 2020, 9(9), 1045-1053.
[27]
Sebaiy, M.M.; Sobhy, M.E.; Baraka, M.; Mohram, M.S.; Ibrahim, F. Ultra sensitive UPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of tamsulosin hydrochloride and tolter-odine tartrate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Acad. J. Chem., 2019, 4(8), 50-59.
[28]
Bhavsar, H.K.; Patel, J.G.; Patel, B.R. Development and validation of stability indicating assay method for estimation of tamsulosin hydrochloride & tolterodine tartrate in capsules. Int. J. Res. Anal. Rev., 2019, 6(2), 89-96.
[29]
Rao, M.V.B.; Reddy, B.C.; Rao, T.S.; Mohanty, J.R. Determination of tamsulosine hydrochloride 0.2% and tolterodine tartrate 0.2% combination pellets by RP HPLC method. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., 2010, 1(1), 136-140.
[30]
Attia, A.K.; Frag, E.Y.Z.; Mohamed, G.G.; Ahmed, H.E. Liquid chromatographic determination of solifenacin succinate, flavoxate hydrochloride & tolterodine tartrate in bulk drugs & their pharma-ceutical dosage forms. J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 2016, 61, 2772-2776.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-97072016000100005]
[31]
Harne, U.V.; Birajdar, L.; Damle, M.C. Development and validation of stability-indicating HPLC method for determination of tolterodine tartrate. World J. Pharm. Res., 2017, 6(11), 430-441.
[32]
Rihana, P.S.K.; Srinivasa, B.P.; Chandrasekar, K.B.; Challa, B.R. Analytical method development and validation of tolterodine in pharmaceutical dosage forms by RP-HPLC. Pharm. Lett., 2014, 6(3), 246-254.
[33]
Yanamandra, R.; Vadla, C.S.; Puppala, U.; Patro, B.; Murthy, Y.L.N.; Ramaiah, P.A. A new rapid and sensitive stability-indicating UPLC assay method for tolterodine tartrate: Application in pharma-ceuticals, human plasma and urine samples. Pharm., 2012, 80(1), 101-114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1110-14] [PMID: 22396907]
[34]
Rao, T.N.; Hussain, I.; Prasanthi, Y.; Patrudu, T.B. Forced degradation study for tolterodine by HPLC with PDA detection. Asian J. Pharm. Ana, 2019, 9(2), 77-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-5675.2019.00015.2]
[35]
Ramathilagam, N.; Meeradevi, M.; Solairaj, P.; Rajesh, S.C. Development and validation of HPLC method for the estimation of tolterodine tartrate in tablets. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 2012, 2(4), 332-337.
[36]
Rezk, M.R.; Badawy, A.M.; Sattar, O.A.; Khattab, O.M. Selective determination of tolterodine tar-trate in the presence of its oxidative degradation product. Anal. Chem., 2016, 16(2), 63-70.
[37]
Urvi, S.; Nilesh, P.; Ashok, P.; Amit, V.; Ajay, P. Stability indicating RP-HPLC method develop-ment and validation of tolterodine tartrate and its degradant in its capsule dosage form. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2017, 9(9), 1549-1554.
[38]
Sinha, V.R.; Jindal, V.; Kumar, R.V.; Bhinge, J.R.; Goel, H. Development and validation of a sim-ple, stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of tolterodine tartrate in the bulk drug and in its tablet formulation. Acta Chromatogr., 2011, 23(1), 133-143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AChrom.23.2011.1.9]
[39]
Paul, A.K.; Paul, A.; Biswas, S.; Arif, S.M.; Chakma, P.; Rafid, Md. A.; Sobhani, Md. M.; Azad, MD. S.A.; Rahmaatullah, M. A comparative analysis of detection of tolterodine tartrate with a HPLC-UV method using sodium-, potassium-, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate buffer in the mobile phase. Adv. Nat. Appl. Sci., 2012, 6(8), 1503-1507.
[40]
Kumar, C.B.; Narayana, B.L.; Chandrasekhar, M.; Malairajan, P.; Kumar, E.P. Development and val-idation of RP-HPLC method for the quantitative estimation of tolterodine tartrate in capsule formu-lation. RGUHS J. Pharm. Sci., 2013, 3(3), 58-64.
[41]
Kumar, S.A.; Debnath, M.; Rao, J.V.L.N.S. Method development & validation of Tolterodine tar-trate in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulation by using RP-HPLC. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2013, 5(3), 665-671.
[42]
Karuna, E.; Thejomoorthy, K.; Sreenivasa, P.P. Studies on quantitative estimation of Tolterodine tar-trate in bulk & pharmaceutical dosage forms by RP-HPLC. J. Glob. Trends Pharm. Sci., 2019, 10(2), 6479-6483.
[43]
Prakash, L.; Himaja, M.; Vasudev, R. Isolation, identification, and characterisation of degradation products and the development and validation of a stability-indicating method for the estimation of impurities in the tolterodine tartrate formulation. Sci. Pharm., 2014, 83(1), 65-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1407-18] [PMID: 26839802]
[44]
Saxena, V.; Zaheer, Z.; Farooqui, M. Stability-indicating HPLC determination of tolterodine tartrate in pharmaceutical dosage form. Indian J. Chem. Technol., 2006, 13, 242-246.
[45]
Shrestha, S.; Maharjan, S.; Bhatta, N.K.; Gaire, A.; Thapa, N.; Shrestha, J.R. Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of tolterodine tartrate tablets by using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Am. Sci. Res. J. Eng. Technol. Soc., 2021, 77(1), 95-104.
[46]
Mishra, A.; Gowdra, V.S.; Arumugam, K.; Hussen, S.S.; Bhat, K.; Udupa, N. Stability-indicating HPTLC method for analysis of tolterodine in the bulk drug. J. Planar Chromatogr. Mod. TLC, 2011, 24(2), 150-153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/JPC.24.2011.2.13]
[47]
Patel, M.; Dabhi, B.; Jebaliya, H.; Shing, B.; Shah, A. Simultaneous estimation of tolterodine tartrate and tamsulosin HCl by validated HPTLC assay method from combination capsule form. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2015, 7(5), 81-88.
[48]
El-Kimary, E.I.; Khamis, E.F.; Belal, S.F.; Abdel Moneim, M.M. Novel validated HPTLC method for the analysis of two binary mixtures containing tamsulosin hydrochloride with antimuscarinic agents. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2018, 56(1), 81-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmx081] [PMID: 28977351]
[49]
Sankar, D. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 5th ed; Rx Publication, 2018.
[50]
Swathi, P.; Vidyadhara, S.; Sasidhar, R.L.; Chakravarthi, K.K. Method development and validation for the estimation of entecavir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms by RP-HPLC. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res., 2017, 9(5), 107-111.
[51]
Atole, D.M.; Rajput, H.H. Ultra violet spectroscopy and its pharmaceutical applications-a brief re-view. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2018, 11(2), 59-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.21361]
[52]
Rajput, S.J.; Raj, H.A. Assay of tegaserod maleate by difference spectroscopy. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2007, 69(1), 114-115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.32121]
[53]
Rajput, S.; Raj, H. Simultaneous estimation of ezetimibe and lovastatin by derivative spectroscopy. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., 2009, 1(3), 894-899.
[54]
Attimarad, M.; Al-Dhubiab, B.E.; Alhaider, I.A.; Nair, A.B. N, S.H.; K, M.A. Simultaneous deter-mination of moxifloxacin and cefixime by first and ratio first derivative ultraviolet spectrophotome-try. Chem. Cent. J., 2012, 6(1), 105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-6-105] [PMID: 22995678]
[55]
Patel, B.; Jadav, A.; Solanki, H.; Parmar, S.; Parmar, V.; Captain, A. Development and validation of derivative spectroscopic method for the simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin calcium and feno-fibrate in tablet. Int. J. Pharma Res. Rev., 2013, 7, 1-6.
[56]
Patel, P.; Patel, D.; Desai, S.; Meshram, D.B. Development and validation of analytical methods for simultaneous estimation of difluprednate and gatifloxacin in ophthalmic emulsion by UV-visible spectroscopy. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Invent., 2014, 3(4), 1-10.
[57]
Samir, A.; Salem, H.; Abdelkawy, M. New developed spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate in bulk powder, and seritide Diskus inhalation. Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ., 2012, 50(2), 121-126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bfopcu.2012.07.006]
[58]
Lotfy, H.M.; Saleh, S.S.; Hassan, N.Y.; Elgizawy, S.M. A Comparative Study of the Novel Ratio Difference Method versus Conventional Spectrophotometric Techniques for the Analysis of Binary Mixture with Overlapped Spectra. Am. J. Anal. Chem., 2012, 3(11), 761-769.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2012.311101]
[59]
Shetty, K.; Shah, A. New spectrophotometric method for estimation of tolterodine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2011, 2(6), 1456-1458.
[60]
El-didamony, A.M.; Saad, M.Z.; Saleem, N.O. Extractive-spectrophotometric determination of some antimuscarinic antagonist in tablet formulations using Eriochrome cyanine R. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2018, 10(4), 22-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i4.24300]
[61]
Ganesh, M.; Hemalatha, P.; Peng, M.M.; Rajangam, V.; Kalaimani, S.; Jang, H. Determination of tolterodine tartrate in bulk and formulation by extractive colorimetric method using tropaeolin OOO-1. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 2014, 13(10), 1667-1673.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i10.14]
[62]
Sheikh, R.E.L.; Hassan, W.S.; Gouda, A.A.; Gabry, M.M.E.L. Sensitive spectrophotometric assay of muscarinic receptor antagonist tolterodine tartrate in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2017, 10(8), 346-352.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18794]
[63]
Ibrahim, M.; Fraihat, S. Simple spectrophotometric methods for determination of tolterodine tartrate in pharmaceutical forms. Int. J. Chemtech Res., 2015, 8(6), 665-669.
[64]
Bab, M.S.; Prasad, U.V.; Ramu, B.K. Assay of tolterodine tartrate using MBTH reagent in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations Am. J. PharmTech. Res., 2012, 2(4), 395-404.
[65]
Rao, P.V.L.; Rambabu, C. Spectrophotometric determination of tolterodine through ion association complex reaction in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. World J. Pharm. Res., 2016, 5(12), 986-991.
[66]
Bab, M.S.; Prasad, U.V.; Ramu, B.K. Visible spectrophotometric determination of tolterodine tar-trate from capsule formulations by oxidative coupling reaction. J. Sci. Res. Pharm., 2012, 1(2), 70-72.
[67]
Fraihat, S.M.; Khatib, H.S. Indirect spectrophotometric determination of tolterodine tartrate in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. Asian J. Chem., 2013, 25(4), 1887-1890.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13210]
[68]
Ibrahim, M.M.; Alarjah, M. Determination of tolterodine via ion pair complex using spectrophoto-metric method in pharmaceutical formulation. Curr. Pharm. Anal., 2018, 14(4), 367-372.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412913666170530124849]
[69]
Sankar, D.G.; Rao, B.D.; Latha, P.V.M.; Krishna, M.V. Spectrophotometric determination of tolter-odine tartarate and repaglinide. Asian J. Chem., 2007, 19(2), 1616-1618.
[70]
Nanda, R.K.; Gaikwad, J.; Prakash, A. Simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of tolterodine in pharmaceutical dosage form. J. PharmTech. Res., 2009, 2(2), 312-314.
[71]
Siddartha, B.; Babu, S.; Krupalini, A.; Prathyusha, V. Development and validation of UV-Spectrophotometric method of tolterodine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Asian J. Pharm. Ana., 2013, 3(3), 102-104.
[72]
Nanda, R.K.; Gaikwad, J.; Prakash, A. Simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of tamsulosin and tolterodine in its pharmaceutical dosage form. J. Pharm. Res., 2009, 2(8), 1266-1268.
[73]
Tekkeli, S.E. Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of tolterodine in human plasma and pharmaceutical preparations by derivatization with dansyl chloride. Bezmialem Sci., 2017, 5, 50-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14235/bs.2016.500]
[74]
Nassar, M.W.; Attia, K.A.; Abou-seada, H.M.; Allam, A.E. Spectrofluorimetric determination of tolterodine tartarate in pure form and pharmaceutical preparation. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2013, 4(10), 3845-3849.
[75]
El-Kimary, E.I.; Khamis, E.F.; Belal, S.F.; Abdel Moneim, M.M. Enhanced spectrofluorimetric de-termination of two novel combination therapies for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia con-taining tamsulosin hydrochloride. Luminescence, 2018, 33(4), 771-779.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.3475] [PMID: 29578287]
[76]
Chinchole, R.; Hatre, P.M.; Desai, U.; Chavan, R. Recent applications of hyphenated liquid chroma-tography techniques. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 2012, 14(1), 57-63.
[77]
Macek, J.; Ptácek, P.; Klíma, J. Determination of tolterodine and its 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite in human plasma by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2009, 877(10), 968-974.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.036] [PMID: 19269904]
[78]
Swart, R.; Koivisto, P.; Markides, K.E. Capillary solid-phase extraction-tandem mass spectrometry for fast quantification of free concentrations of tolterodine and two metabolites in ultrafiltered plas-ma samples. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl., 1999, 736(1-2), 247-253.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00462-4] [PMID: 10677005]
[79]
Palmér, L.; Andersson, L.; Andersson, T.; Stenberg, U. Determination of tolterodine and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite in plasma, serum and urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1997, 16(1), 155-165.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00023-X] [PMID: 9447563]
[80]
Swart, R.; Koivisto, P.; Markides, K.E. Column switching in capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitation of PG/ml concentrations of the free basic drug tolter-odine and its active 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite in microliter volumes of plasma. J. Chromatogr. A, 1998, 828(1-2), 209-218.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00788-2] [PMID: 9916307]
[81]
Shaik, R.P.; Puttagunta, S.B.; Kothapalli, C.B.; Awen, B.Z.S.; Challa, B.R. A validated LC-MS/MS method for the determination of tolterodine and its metabolite in rat plasma and application to phar-macokinetic study. J. Pharm. Anal., 2013, 3(6), 489-499.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2013.04.005] [PMID: 29403860]
[82]
Yadav, M.; Upadhyay, V.; Chauhan, V.; Solanki, G.; Jani, A.; Baxi, G.A.; Singhal, P.; Shrivastav, P.S. LC–MS–MS separation and simultaneous determination of tolterodine and its active metabolite, 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine in human plasma. Chromatographia, 2010, 72(3/4), 255-264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s10337-010-1667-x]
[83]
Sakr, M.M.; El Nashar, R.M. Potentiometric determination of tolterodine in batch and flow injection conditions. Talanta, 2012, 96, 153-160.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.018] [PMID: 22817943]
[84]
Macikova, P.; Skopalva, J.; Canker, P.; Papouskova, B.; Strakova, R.; Jirovsky, D.; Maier, V. Elec-trochemical oxidation of tolterodine. Electroanalysis, 2013, 25(1), 205-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.201200388]
[85]
Kul, D. Sensitive and selective determination of tolterodine tartrate and its electrochemical investi-gation on solid carbon based electrodes. J. Anal. Chem., 2014, 69(10), 970-981.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1061934814100049]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
16
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy