摘要
癌症免疫疗法的理念是刺激免疫系统对抗肿瘤,而不破坏正常细胞。在许多抗癌治疗方法中,一种是基于使用含有肿瘤抗原的癌症疫苗,以诱导对肿瘤的免疫反应。然而,临床试验表明,使用这种疫苗作为单一疗法在许多情况下是无效的,因为它们不会引起强烈的免疫反应。由于肿瘤中CD8+ T细胞的浸润不足或缺乏,某些肿瘤对免疫治疗具有抵抗性,因此被称为冷性或非炎症性肿瘤。冷肿瘤的特点是缺乏CD8+ T细胞浸润,存在抗炎髓系细胞、肿瘤相关的M2巨噬细胞和调节性T细胞。为了使用正确的策略,确定抗肿瘤反应中未正常工作的阶段是非常重要的。对于不会强烈刺激免疫系统的冷性肿瘤,除了癌症疫苗外,应用其他治疗方法可能更合理。在此,我们指出了一些与疫苗一起用于冷性肿瘤治疗或正在进行中的联合疗法。
关键词: 癌症疫苗,冷性肿瘤,免疫原性细胞死亡,佐剂,免疫检查点抑制剂,联合疗法。
图形摘要
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