Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2772-4328
ISSN (Online): 2772-4336

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Matrix Metalloproteinases; A Biomarker of Disease Activity and Prognosis in Spondyloarthritis: A Narrative Review

Author(s): Maroua Slouma, Sirine Bouzid, Rim Dhahri, Safa Rahmouni*, Noureddine Litaiem, Imen Gharsallah, Leila Metoui and Bassem Louzir

Volume 18, Issue 1, 2023

Published on: 14 March, 2022

Page: [31 - 38] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220113112809

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases, as components of the proteolytic system, are deemed to be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of several rheumatic diseases. Their role in spondyloarthritis has been investigated by several studies.

Objective: This article aims to review and summarize the current knowledge related to metalloproteinases in patients with spondyloarthritis.

Methods: To examine the association between matrix metalloproteinases and spondyloarthritis, we conducted a narrative review using a literature search in SCOPUS for English-language sources. The search included studies published from the database inception to December 2020.

Results: A total number of 74 articles were included. It was found that levels of matrix metalloproteinases 3 were higher in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis patients and seemed to play a role in the progression of joint damage. The levels of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 9 were upregulated in psoriatic arthritis patients compared to psoriasis and could identify psoriasis patients who would develop rheumatic manifestations. The levels of matrix metalloproteinases correlated significantly with disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis and decreased upon treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor inhibitors (TNFi).

Conclusion: Excessive matrix metalloproteinases activity is associated with articular destruction. Their levels can reflect disease activity, structural damage, and response to TNFi in patients with spondyloarthritis. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Keywords: Spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinases, TNF alpha inhibitors.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Sinkeviciute D, Skovlund Groen S, Sun S, et al. A novel biomarker of MMP-cleaved prolargin is elevated in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1): 13541.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70327-0] [PMID: 32782251]
[2]
Maksymowych WP. Biomarkers in spondyloarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2010; 12(5): 318-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11926-010-0127-9] [PMID: 20714832]
[3]
Bresnihan B. Pathogenesis of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1999; 26(3): 717-9.
[PMID: 10090189]
[4]
Kaneko M, Tomita T, Nakase T, et al. Expression of proteinases and inflammatory cytokines in subchondral bone regions in the destructive joint of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40(3): 247-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/40.3.247] [PMID: 11285370]
[5]
Chen CH, Yu DT, Chou CT. Biomarkers in spondyloarthropathies. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009; 649: 122-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_9] [PMID: 19731625]
[6]
Okada Y. Proteinases and Matrix Degradation. In: Firestein GS, Gabrieland SE, O'Dell JR. Firestein’s Textbook of Rheumatology. Elsevier 2017; 1: pp. 106-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-31696-5.00008-5]
[7]
Kane D, Jensen LE, Grehan S, Whitehead AS, Bresnihan B, Fitzgerald O. Quantitation of metalloproteinase gene expression in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis synovial tissue distal and proximal to the cartilage-pannus junction. J Rheumatol 2004; 31(7): 1274-80.
[PMID: 15229943]
[8]
Bonnans C, Chou J, Werb Z. Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15(12): 786-801.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm3904] [PMID: 25415508]
[9]
Nathan C. Points of control in inflammation. Nature 2002; 420(6917): 846-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01320] [PMID: 12490957]
[10]
Simard N, Boire G, de Brum-Fernandes AJ, St-Pierre Y. A novel approach to measure the contribution of matrix metalloproteinase in the overall net proteolytic activity present in synovial fluids of patients with arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8(4): R125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar2014] [PMID: 16859524]
[11]
Hitchon CA, Danning CL, Illei GG, El-Gabalawy HS, Boumpas DT. Gelatinase expression and activity in the synovium and skin of patients with erosive psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(1): 107-17.
[PMID: 11824946]
[12]
Malemud CJ. Matrix metalloproteinases and synovial joint pathology. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2017; 148: 305-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.003] [PMID: 28662824]
[13]
Vandooren B, Kruithof E, Yu DT, et al. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in peripheral synovitis and down-regulation by tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50(9): 2942-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.20477] [PMID: 15457463]
[14]
Giannelli G, Erriquez R, Iannone F, Marinosci F, Lapadula G, Antonaci S. MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004; 22(3): 335-8.
[PMID: 15144129]
[15]
Veidal SS, Larsen DV, Chen X, et al. MMP mediated type V collagen degradation (C5M) is elevated in ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Biochem 2012; 45(7-8): 541-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.02.007] [PMID: 22382088]
[16]
Chan A, Filer A, Parsonage G, et al. Mediation of the proinflammatory cytokine response in rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritis by interactions between fibroblast-like synoviocytes and natural killer cells. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58(3): 707-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.23264] [PMID: 18311795]
[17]
Corry DB, Rishi K, Kanellis J, et al. Decreased allergic lung inflammatory cell egression and increased susceptibility to asphyxiation in MMP2-deficiency. Nat Immunol 2002; 3(4): 347-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni773] [PMID: 11887181]
[18]
Mattey DL, Packham JC, Nixon NB, et al. Association of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase profiles with disease activity and function in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14(3): R127.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar3857] [PMID: 22640827]
[19]
Soliman E, Labib W, el-Tantawi G, Hamimy A, Alhadidy A, Aldawoudy A. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and magnetic resonance imaging of sacroiliitis in assessing disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32(6): 1711-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-011-1852-8] [PMID: 21431945]
[20]
Maksymowych WP, Rahman P, Shojania K, et al. Beneficial effects of adalimumab on biomarkers reflecting structural damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2008; 35(10): 2030-7.
[PMID: 18785308]
[21]
Chen CH, Lin KC, Yu DT, et al. Serum matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in ankylosing spondylitis: MMP-3 is a reproducibly sensitive and specific biomarker of disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45(4): 414-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kei208] [PMID: 16287916]
[22]
Appel H, Janssen L, Listing J, Heydrich R, Rudwaleit M, Sieper J. Serum levels of biomarkers of bone and cartilage destruction and new bone formation in different cohorts of patients with axial spondyloarthritis with and without tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10(5): R125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar2537] [PMID: 18945353]
[23]
Almodóvar R, Ríos V, Ocaña S, et al. Association of biomarkers of inflammation, cartilage and bone turnover with gender, disease activity, radiological damage and sacroiliitis by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with early spondyloarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33(2): 237-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-013-2349-5] [PMID: 23917391]
[24]
He D, Zhu Q, Zhou Q, et al. Correlation of serum MMP3 and other biomarkers with clinical outcomes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A pilot study. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36(8): 1819-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-017-3624-7] [PMID: 28432524]
[25]
Jadon DR, Sengupta R, Nightingale A, et al. Serum bone-turnover biomarkers are associated with the occurrence of peripheral and axial arthritis in psoriatic disease: A prospective cross-sectional comparative study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19(1): 210.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1417-7] [PMID: 28934972]
[26]
Gao JW, Zhang KF, Lu JS, Su T. Serum matrix metalloproteinases-3 levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14(4): 17068-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.December.16.7] [PMID: 26681054]
[27]
Torres L, Klingberg E, Nurkkala M, Carlsten H, Forsblad-d’Elia H. Hepatocyte growth factor is a potential biomarker for osteoproliferation and osteoporosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30(2): 441-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4721-4] [PMID: 30306221]
[28]
Ribbens C, Martin y Porras M, Franchimont N, et al. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-3 serum levels in rheumatic diseases: Relationship with synovitis and steroid treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61(2): 161-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.61.2.161] [PMID: 11796404]
[29]
Sun S, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, et al. The active form of MMP-3 is a marker of synovial inflammation and cartilage turnover in inflammatory joint diseases. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15: 93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-93] [PMID: 24641725]
[30]
Liu KG, He QH, Tan JW, Liao GJ. Expression of TNF-α, VEGF, and MMP-3 mRNAs in synovial tissues and their roles in fibroblast-mediated osteogenesis in ankylosing spondylitis. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14(2): 6852-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.June.18.28] [PMID: 26125893]
[31]
Wang DM, Lin L, Peng JH, et al. Pannus inflammation in sacroiliitis following immune pathological injury and radiological structural damage: A study of 193 patients with spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20(1): 120.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1594-z]
[32]
Moz S, Lorenzin M, Ramonda R, et al. Emerging role of monocytes and their intracellular calcium pattern in spondyloarthritis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 500: 180-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.013] [PMID: 31672632]
[33]
Zhang Y, Xu H, Hu X, Zhang C, Chu T, Zhou Y. Histopathological changes in supraspinous ligaments, ligamentum flava and paraspinal muscle tissues of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheum Dis 2016; 19(4): 420-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.12305] [PMID: 24597761]
[34]
Meng C, Bai R, Zhao Z, et al. MMP-8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms are related to ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97(35): e12136.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000012136] [PMID: 30170451]
[35]
Zhu Y, Li S, Huang Z, et al. Association study between matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene (MMP3) polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7(7): e00752.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mgg3.752] [PMID: 31124320]
[36]
Sun R, Huang Y, Zhang H, Liu R. MMP-2, TNF-α and NLRP1 polymorphisms in Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40(11): 6303-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-013-2743-8] [PMID: 24065540]
[37]
Wei JC, Lee HS, Chen WC, Shiu LJ, Yang SF, Wong RH. Genetic polymorphisms of the matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) modulate the development of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68(11): 1781-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.099481] [PMID: 19019896]
[38]
Lorenzin M, Ortolan A, Vio S, et al. Biomarkers, imaging and disease activity indices in patients with early axial spondyloarthritis: The Italian arm of the spondyloarthritis-caught-early (SPACE) Study. Reumatismo 2017; 69(2): 65-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2017.977] [PMID: 28776360]
[39]
Ritchlin CT, Colbert RA, Gladman DD. Psoriatic arthritis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376(10): 957-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1505557] [PMID: 28273019]
[40]
Shibata S, Tada Y, Komine M, et al. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and IL-23p19 in psoriatic arthritis. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 53(1): 34-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.06.008] [PMID: 18752933]
[41]
Chandran V, Cook RJ, Edwin J, et al. Soluble biomarkers differentiate patients with psoriatic arthritis from those with psoriasis without arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49(7): 1399-405.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keq105] [PMID: 20421218]
[42]
Cretu D, Gao L, Liang K, Soosaipillai A, Diamandis EP, Chandran V. Differentiating psoriatic arthritis from psoriasis without psoriatic arthritis using novel serum biomarkers. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018; 70(3): 454-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.23298] [PMID: 28586166]
[43]
Lindqvist U, Phil-Lundin I, Engström-Laurent A. Dermal distribution of hyaluronan in psoriatic arthritis; coexistence of CD44, MMP3 and MMP9. Acta Derm Venereol 2012; 92(4): 372-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555-1286] [PMID: 22278305]
[44]
Cunnane G, FitzGerald O, Hummel KM, Gay RE, Gay S, Bresnihan B. Collagenase, cathepsin B and cathepsin L gene expression in the synovial membrane of patients with early inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999; 38(1): 34-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/38.1.34] [PMID: 10334680]
[45]
Fraser A, Fearon U, Reece R, Emery P, Veale DJ. Matrix metalloproteinase 9, apoptosis, and vascular morphology in early arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44(9): 2024-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200109)44:9<2024::AID-ART351>3.0.CO;2-K] [PMID: 11592363]
[46]
Myers A, Lakey R, Cawston TE, Kay LJ, Walker DJ. Serum MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels are increased in patients with psoriatic arthritis and their siblings. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43(3): 272-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keh032] [PMID: 14523226]
[47]
Yang C, Gu J, Rihl M, et al. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 correlate with disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 51(5): 691-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.20696] [PMID: 15478146]
[48]
Reveille JD. Biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring of progression, and treatment responses in ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34(6): 1009-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-015-2949-3] [PMID: 25939520]
[49]
Pedersen SJ, Sørensen IJ, Garnero P, et al. ASDAS, BASDAI and different treatment responses and their relation to biomarkers of inflammation, cartilage and bone turnover in patients with axial spondyloarthritis treated with TNFα inhibitors. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70(8): 1375-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.138883] [PMID: 21551511]
[50]
Woo JH, Lee HJ, Sung IH, Kim TH. Changes of clinical response and bone biochemical markers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis taking etanercept. J Rheumatol 2007; 34(8): 1753-9.
[PMID: 17610317]
[51]
Ribbens C, Andre B, Kaye O, et al. Synovial fluid matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels are increased in inflammatory arthritides whether erosive or not. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000; 39(12): 1357-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/39.12.1357] [PMID: 11136879]
[52]
Jin L, Weisman M, Zhang G, et al. Lack of association of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) genotypes with ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility and severity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44(1): 55-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keh429] [PMID: 15546966]
[53]
Maejima H, Taniguchi T, Watarai A, Aki R, Katsuoka K. Analysis of clinical, radiological and laboratory variables in psoriatic arthritis with 25 Japanese patients. J Dermatol 2010; 37(7): 647-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00919.x] [PMID: 20629831]
[54]
Ramonda R, Modesti V, Ortolan A, et al. Serological markers in psoriatic arthritis: Promising tools. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238(12): 1431-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370213506435] [PMID: 24146263]
[55]
Zhu J, Yu DT. Matrix metalloproteinase expression in the spondyloarthropathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006; 18(4): 364-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.bor.0000231904.04548.09] [PMID: 16763456]
[56]
Maksymowych WP, Landewé R, Conner-Spady B, et al. Serum matrix metalloproteinase 3 is an independent predictor of structural damage progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56(6): 1846-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.22589] [PMID: 17530713]
[57]
Chen WS, Chen CH, Lin KC, et al. Immunohistological features of hip synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis with advanced hip involvement. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 38(2): 154-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03009740802409504] [PMID: 19165649]
[58]
Murphy E, Roux-Lombard P, Rooney T, Fitzgerald O, Dayer JM, Bresnihan B. Serum levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and periarticular bone loss in early rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28(3): 285-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-008-1037-3] [PMID: 19050823]
[59]
Wendling D, Cedoz JP, Racadot E. Serum levels of MMP-3 and cathepsin K in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Effect of TNFalpha antagonist therapy. Joint Bone Spine 2008; 75(5): 559-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.01.026] [PMID: 18674944]
[60]
Pedersen SJ, Hetland ML, Sørensen IJ, Ostergaard M, Nielsen HJ, Johansen JS. Circulating levels of interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, YKL-40, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and total aggrecan in spondyloarthritis patients during 3 years of treatment with TNFα inhibitors. Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29(11): 1301-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-010-1528-x] [PMID: 20640910]
[61]
Arends S, van der Veer E, Groen H, et al. Serum MMP-3 level as a biomarker for monitoring and predicting response to etanercept treatment in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 2011; 38(8): 1644-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.101128] [PMID: 21632677]
[62]
Maksymowych WP, Jhangri GS, Lambert RG, et al. Infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis: A prospective observational inception cohort analysis of efficacy and safety. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(5): 959-65.
[PMID: 12022358]
[63]
Kruithof E, De Rycke L, Vandooren B, et al. Identification of synovial biomarkers of response to experimental treatment in early-phase clinical trials in spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54(6): 1795-804.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.21914] [PMID: 16729282]
[64]
van Kuijk AW, Gerlag DM, Vos K, et al. A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study to identify biomarkers associated with active treatment in psoriatic arthritis: Effects of adalimumab treatment on synovial tissue. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68(8): 1303-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.091389] [PMID: 18647851]
[65]
Chandran V, Gladman DD. Update on biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2010; 12(4): 288-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11926-010-0107-0] [PMID: 20437120]
[66]
Maneiro JR, Souto A, Salgado E, Mera A, Gomez-Reino JJ. Predictors of response to TNF antagonists in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. RMD Open 2015; 1(1): e000017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2014-000017] [PMID: 26509050]
[67]
Xia L, Shen H, Xiao W, Lu J. Increased serum TWEAK levels in Psoriatic arthritis: Relationship with disease activity and matrix metalloproteinase-3 serum levels. Cytokine 2011; 53(3): 289-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2010.12.003] [PMID: 21190865]
[68]
Chandran V, Shen H, Pollock RA, et al. Soluble biomarkers associated with response to treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2013; 40(6): 866-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.121162] [PMID: 23637322]
[69]
van Kuijk AW, DeGroot J, Koeman RC, et al. Soluble biomarkers of cartilage and bone metabolism in early proof of concept trials in psoriatic arthritis: Effects of adalimumab versus placebo. PLoS One 2010; 5(9): e12556.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012556] [PMID: 20844595]
[70]
Mori Y, Kuwahara Y, Chiba S, Itoi E. Efficacy of methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in Japanese patients with active psoriatic arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2015; 25(3): 431-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14397595.2014.958891] [PMID: 25295919]
[71]
Cordiali-Fei P, Trento E, D’Agosto G, et al. Decreased levels of metalloproteinase-9 and angiogenic factors in skin lesions of patients with psoriatic arthritis after therapy with anti-TNF-alpha. J Autoimmune Dis 2006; 3: 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1740-2557-3-5] [PMID: 17022813]
[72]
Mastroianni A, Minutilli E, Mussi A, et al. Cytokine profiles during infliximab monotherapy in psoriatic arthritis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153(3): 531-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06648.x] [PMID: 16120138]
[73]
Kaneko K, Williams RO, Dransfield DT, Nixon AE, Sandison A, Itoh Y. Selective inhibition of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase abrogates progression of experimental inflammatory arthritis: synergy with tumor necrosis factor blockade. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68(2): 521-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.39414] [PMID: 26315469]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
3
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy