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Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

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ISSN (Online): 2212-3873

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Perspective

The Pathogenic Role of Foam Cells in Atherogenesis: Do They Represent Novel Therapeutic Targets?

Author(s): Giuseppe Lisco, Vito Angelo Giagulli, Giovanni De Pergola, Edoardo Guastamacchia, Emilio Jirillo* and Vincenzo Triggiani

Volume 22, Issue 7, 2022

Published on: 21 April, 2022

Page: [765 - 777] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220107114313

Abstract

Background: Foam cells, mainly derived from monocytes-macrophages, contain lipid droplets essentially composed of cholesterol in their cytoplasm. They infiltrate the intima of arteries, contributing to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Pathogenesis: Foam cells damage the arterial cell wall via the release of proinflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and matrix metalloproteinases, enhancing the plaque size up to its rupture.

Therapy: A correct dietary regimen seems to be the most appropriate therapeutic approach to minimize obesity, which is associated with the formation of foam cells. At the same time, different types of antioxidants have been evaluated to arrest the formation of foam cells, even if the results are still contradictory. In any case, a combination of antioxidants seems to be more efficient in the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, foam cells, obesity, atheromatic plaques, antioxidants.

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