Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by impaired insulin action, progressive β-cell dysfunction as well as abnormalities in pancreatic α-cell function and postprandial substrate delivery. These pathophysiologic defects result in both persistent and progressive hyperglycemia, resulting in increased risk of both microvascular and cardiovascular complications. Traditional treatments for type 2 diabetes have focused on impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. These strategies are typically used in a stepwise manner: employing oral glucose lowering agents, followed by insulin therapy. This traditional approach fails to address the progressive decline in β-cell function. Moreover, these therapies are often associated with weight gain in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Both exogenous insulin and insulin secretagogues are associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Recently, new treatments that leverage the glucoregulatory effects of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 have been introduced. Both incretin mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors address both the underlying pathophysiology and overcome several of the limitations of established therapies by providing improvements in glycemia, and control of body weight with minimal risk of hypoglycemia.
Keywords: Body weight, DPP-4 inhibitor, Glycemia, Incretin mimetic, Type 2 diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Emerging Incretin-Based Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes: Incretin Mimetics and DPP-4 Inhibitors
Volume: 4 Issue: 2
Author(s): Anthony Stonehouse, Ted Okerson, David Kendall and David Maggs
Affiliation:
Keywords: Body weight, DPP-4 inhibitor, Glycemia, Incretin mimetic, Type 2 diabetes
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by impaired insulin action, progressive β-cell dysfunction as well as abnormalities in pancreatic α-cell function and postprandial substrate delivery. These pathophysiologic defects result in both persistent and progressive hyperglycemia, resulting in increased risk of both microvascular and cardiovascular complications. Traditional treatments for type 2 diabetes have focused on impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. These strategies are typically used in a stepwise manner: employing oral glucose lowering agents, followed by insulin therapy. This traditional approach fails to address the progressive decline in β-cell function. Moreover, these therapies are often associated with weight gain in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Both exogenous insulin and insulin secretagogues are associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Recently, new treatments that leverage the glucoregulatory effects of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 have been introduced. Both incretin mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors address both the underlying pathophysiology and overcome several of the limitations of established therapies by providing improvements in glycemia, and control of body weight with minimal risk of hypoglycemia.
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Cite this article as:
Stonehouse Anthony, Okerson Ted, Kendall David and Maggs David, Emerging Incretin-Based Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes: Incretin Mimetics and DPP-4 Inhibitors, Current Diabetes Reviews 2008; 4 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339908784220705
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339908784220705 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
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