Generic placeholder image

Current Molecular Medicine

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1566-5240
ISSN (Online): 1875-5666

Review Article

Pharmacodynamic Stance of Phytoconstituents as a Gastric Ulcer Protective Mechanism: An Overview

Author(s): Manish Pal Singh*, Viney Chawla, Darpan Kaushik, Pooja A Chawla and Siddhraj Singh Sisodia

Volume 22, Issue 5, 2022

Published on: 06 August, 2021

Page: [431 - 441] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210806161835

Price: $65

Abstract

Various traditional herbal plants have been associated with unique pharmacological actions. Natural parts as well as processed plant parts are known to possess gastro-protective and gastro- mucosal healing property. Motive of this review analysis is to explain the gastro-protective and gastro-mucosal healing property of different herbal plants and their constituents indigenous to various regions of the globe and elucidate mechanisms of the healing by their metabolic extracts. Moreover, an attempt shall be made to explicate the possible molecular pharmacological targets responsible for healing gastric ulcer activity. A thorough survey of literature has been carried out from various scientific resources and using keywords like peptic ulcer mechanism, gastro-protective agents, gastro-mucosal healing property, natural and processed herbal drugs preventing peptic ulcers. This article will present a running commentary on the prospects and potential of herbal plants exhibiting gastroprotective activity and gastro-mucosal healing property.

Keywords: Gastric ulcer, gastroprotective, peptic ulcer, phytoconstituents, gastric mucus cell, cytoprotective.

[1]
Harsha C, Banik K, Bordoloi D, Kunnumakkara AB. Antiulcer properties of fruits and vegetables: A mechanism based perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108(Pt A): 104-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.023] [PMID: 28711545]
[2]
Singh AK, Singh SK, Singh PP, et al. Biotechnological aspects of plants metabolites in the treatment of ulcer: A new prospective. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2018; 18: e00256.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00256] [PMID: 29876305]
[3]
Garner A, Whittle BJ. Advances in drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulceration. John Wiley and Sons 1989.
[4]
Guilbert JJ. The world health report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2003; 16(2): 230.
[PMID: 14741909]
[5]
Khan MS, Hussain SA, Jais AM, Zakaria ZA, Khan M. Anti-ulcer activity of Ficus religiosa stem bark ethanolic extract in rats. J Med Plants Res 2011; 5(3): 354-9.
[6]
Guslandi M, Cambielli M, Bierti L, Tittobello A. Effect of carbenoxolone and cimetidine on gastric mucin. Clin Ther 1980; 3(1): 40-2.
[PMID: 6157471]
[7]
Vapaatalo H, Lindén IB, Metsä-Ketelä T, Kangasaho M, Laustiola K. Effect of carbenoxolone on phosphodiesterase and prostaglandin synthetase activities. Experientia 1978; 34(3): 384-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923050]] [PMID: 204509]
[8]
Johnston B, Lindup WE, Shillingford JS, Smith M, Parke DV. The pharmacological biochemistry of carbenoxolone. Principles Surg Oncol 1975; 151.
[9]
Wannasarit S, Puttarak P, Kaewkroek K, Wiwattanapatapee R. Strategies for improving healing of the gastric epithelium using oral solid dispersions loaded with pentacyclic triterpene–rich Centella extract. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20(7): 277.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-019-1488-7] [PMID: 31396788]
[10]
Fahmi AA, Abdur-Rahman M, Aboul Naser AF, Hamed MA, Abd-Alla HI, Nasr MI. Pulicaria crispa mitigates gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats: role of treatment and auto healing. Biomarkers 2019; 24(3): 286-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354750X.2018.1556340] [PMID: 30512969]
[11]
Rodríguez JA, Astudillo L, Schmeda-Hirschmann G. Oleanolic acid promotes healing of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric lesions in rats. Pharmacol Res 2003; 48(3): 291-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1043-6618(03)00155-5] [PMID: 12860449]
[12]
Reuter S, Gupta SC, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked? Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49(11): 1603-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006] [PMID: 20840865]
[13]
Tamashiro Filho P, Sikiru Olaitan B, Tavares de Almeida DA, et al. Evaluation of antiulcer activity and mechanism of action of methanol stem bark extract of Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. (Lytraceae) in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 144(3): 497-505.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.019] [PMID: 23069941]
[14]
Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Brzozowska I, Pawlik T. Role of prostaglandins in gastroprotection and gastric adaptation. J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 56(5)(Suppl. 5): 33-55.
[PMID: 16247188]
[15]
Allen A, Flemström G. Gastroduodenal mucus bicarbonate barrier: protection against acid and pepsin. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 288(1): C1-C19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00102.2004] [PMID: 15591243]
[16]
Arun LB, Arunachalam AM, Arunachalam KD, Annamalai SK, Kumar KA. in vivo anti-ulcer, anti-stress, anti-allergic, and functional properties of gymnemic acid isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R Br. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14(1): 70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-70] [PMID: 24559073]
[17]
Sairam K, Rao CV, Babu MD, Goel RK. Prophylactic and curative effects of Bacopa monniera in gastric ulcer models. Phytomedicine 2001; 8(6): 423-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/S0944-7113(04)70060-4] [PMID: 11824516]
[18]
Tsao R. Chemistry and biochemistry of dietary polyphenols. Nutrients 2010; 2(12): 1231-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu2121231] [PMID: 22254006]
[19]
Farzaei MH, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M. The role of dietary polyphenols in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015; 16(3): 196-210.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201016666150118131704] [PMID: 25601607]
[20]
Hosein Farzaei M, Abbasabadi Z, Reza Shams-Ardekani M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. A comprehensive review of plants and their active constituents with wound healing activity in traditional Iranian medicine. Wounds 2014; 26(7): 197-206.
[PMID: 25856320]
[21]
Zayachkivska OS, Konturek SJ, Drozdowicz D, Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Ghegotsky MR. Gastroprotective effects of flavonoids in plant extracts. J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 56(1)(Suppl. 1): 219-31.
[PMID: 15800396]
[22]
Bhattacharya S, Banerjee D, Bauri AK, Chattopadhyay S, Bandyopadhyay SK. Healing property of the Piper betel phenol, allylpyrocatechol against indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration and mechanism of action. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(27): 3705-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i27.3705] [PMID: 17659730]
[23]
Halter F, Tarnawski AS, Schmassmann A, Peskar BM. Cyclooxygenase 2-implications on maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity and ulcer healing: controversial issues and perspectives. Gut 2001; 49(3): 443-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.49.3.443] [PMID: 11511570]
[24]
Jung M, Triebel S, Anke T, Richling E, Erkel G. Influence of apple polyphenols on inflammatory gene expression. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53(10): 1263-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200800575] [PMID: 19764067]
[25]
Paturi G, Butts CA, Bentley-Hewitt KL, McGhie TK, Saleh ZS, McLeod A. Apple polyphenol extracts protect against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. Phytother Res 2014; 28(12): 1846-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5210] [PMID: 25069887]
[26]
Sivalingam N, Hanumantharaya R, Faith M, Basivireddy J, Balasubramanian KA, Jacob M. Curcumin reduces indomethacin-induced damage in the rat small intestine. J Appl Toxicol 2007; 27(6): 551-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.1235] [PMID: 17351913]
[27]
Pal C, Bindu S, Dey S, et al. Gallic acid prevents nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastropathy in rat by blocking oxidative stress and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49(2): 258-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.013] [PMID: 20406680]
[28]
Dammann HG, Dau B, Dreyer M, Müller P, Simon B. H2 receptor antagonists in the therapy of peptic ulcer disease Z Gastroenterol 1987; 25(Suppl. 3): 136-45.
[PMID: 2889298]
[29]
Saito M, Hosoyama H, Ariga T, Kataoka S, Yamaji N. Antiulcer activity of grape seed extract and procyanidins. J Agric Food Chem 1998; 46(4): 1460-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9709156]
[30]
Martini S, D’Addario C, Braconi D, et al. Antibacterial activity of grape extracts on cagA-positive and -negative Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates. J Chemother 2009; 21(5): 507-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.2009.21.5.507] [PMID: 19933041]
[31]
Zhang F, Chen C, Hu J, et al. Molecular mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-induced autophagy in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18(6): 6221-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.10976] [PMID: 31788098]
[32]
Sharma VK, Bhattacharya A, Kumar A, Sharma HK. Health benefits of tea consumption. Trop J Pharm Res 2007; 6(3): 785-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v6i3.14660]
[33]
Glowinska B, Urban M, Peczynska J, Florys B. Soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) and selectins (sE selectin, sP selectin, sL selectin) levels in children and adolescents with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Metabolism 2005; 54(8): 1020-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2005.03.004] [PMID: 16092051]
[34]
Beserra AM, Calegari PI, Souza Mdo C, et al. Gastroprotective and ulcer-healing mechanisms of ellagic acid in experimental rats. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59(13): 6957-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf2003267] [PMID: 21644797]
[35]
He W, Zhang Y, Wang X, et al. Zhizhu decoction promotes gastric emptying and protects the gastric mucosa. J Med Food 2013; 16(4): 306-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2012.2438] [PMID: 23566057]
[36]
Russo M, Spagnuolo C, Tedesco I, Bilotto S, Russo GL. The flavonoid quercetin in disease prevention and therapy: facts and fancies. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83(1): 6-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2011.08.010] [PMID: 21856292]
[37]
Butković V, Klasinc L, Bors W. Kinetic study of flavonoid reactions with stable radicals. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52(10): 2816-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf049880h] [PMID: 15137819]
[38]
Yadav M, Jain S, Bhardwaj A, et al. Biological and medicinal properties of grapes and their bioactive constituents: an update. J Med Food 2009; 12(3): 473-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0096] [PMID: 19627194]
[39]
Panaro MA, Carofiglio V, Acquafredda A, Cavallo P, Cianciulli A. Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol occur in via inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation in Caco-2 and SW480 human colon cancer cells. Br J Nutr 2012; 108(9): 1623-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511007227] [PMID: 22251620]
[40]
Aniszewski T. Definition, typology and occurrence of alkaloidsAlkaloids–Secrets of life Alkaloid Chemistry, Biological, Significance, Applications and Ecological Role. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2007; pp. 1-57.
[41]
Lewis DA, Hanson PJ. 4 anti-ulcer drugs of plant origin Progress in medicinal chemistry. Elsevier 1991; pp. 201-31.
[42]
Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi GR, Ameri M. Effects of Anethum graveolens L. seed extracts on experimental gastric irritation models in mice. BMC Pharmacol 2002; 2(1): 21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-2-21] [PMID: 12493079]
[43]
Chavan SP, Sivappa R. A facile total synthesis of rutaecarpine. Tetrahedron Lett 2004; 45(5): 997-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.090]
[44]
Ramsay PT, Carr A. Gastric acid and digestive physiology. Surg Clin North Am 2011; 91(5): 977-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2011.06.010] [PMID: 21889024]
[45]
Morsy MA, Heeba GH, Abdelwahab SA, Rofaeil RR. Protective effects of nebivolol against cold restraint stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats: role of NO, HO-1, and COX-1,2. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27(2): 117-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2012.06.001] [PMID: 22687651]
[46]
Wang L, Hu CP, Deng PY, et al. The protective effects of rutaecarpine on gastric mucosa injury in rats. Planta Med 2005; 71(5): 416-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-864135] [PMID: 15931578]
[47]
Zanatta F, Gandolfi RB, Lemos M, et al. Gastroprotective activity of alkaloid extract and 2-phenylquinoline obtained from the bark of Galipea longiflora Krause (Rutaceae). Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180(2): 312-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.04.001] [PMID: 19497430]
[48]
Singh N, Singh P, Shrivastva S, et al. Gastroprotective effect of anti-cancer compound rohitukine: possible role of gastrin antagonism and H(+) K (+)-ATPase inhibition. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385(3): 277-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00210-011-0711-1] [PMID: 22113419]
[49]
Burci LM, Pereira IT, da Silva LM, et al. Antiulcer and gastric antisecretory effects of dichloromethane fraction and piplartine obtained from fruits of Piper tuberculatum Jacq. in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 148(1): 165-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.006] [PMID: 23588092]
[50]
Boparai V, Rajagopalan J, Triadafilopoulos G. Guide to the use of proton pump inhibitors in adult patients. Drugs 2008; 68(7): 925-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200868070-00004] [PMID: 18457460]
[51]
Barrett TD, Lagaud G, Wagaman P, et al. The cholecystokinin CCK2 receptor antagonist, JNJ-26070109, inhibits gastric acid secretion and prevents omeprazole-induced acid rebound in the rat. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166(5): 1684-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01878.x] [PMID: 22300007]
[52]
de Souza Almeida ES, Filho VC, Niero R, Clasen BK, Balogun SO, de Oliveira Martins DT. Pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-ulcer activity of methanol extract and canthin-6-one of Simaba ferruginea A. St-Hil. in animal models. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134(3): 630-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.009] [PMID: 21236329]
[53]
Singh VK, Mishra V, Tiwari S, et al. Anti-secretory and cyto-protective effects of peganine hydrochloride isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala on gastric ulcers. Phytomedicine 2013; 20(13): 1180-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.017] [PMID: 23880327]
[54]
Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. Endocr Rev 2004; 25(4): 581-611.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0027] [PMID: 15294883]
[55]
Zhao X, Li J, Meng Y, Cao M, Wang J. Treatment effects of jinlingzi powder and its extractive components on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019; 2019: 7365841.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7365841] [PMID: 30719066]
[56]
Moghadamtousi SZ, Rouhollahi E, Karimian H, Fadaeinasab M, Abdulla MA, Kadir HA. Gastroprotective activity of Annona muricata leaves against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats in via Hsp70/Bax involvement. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8: 2099-110.
[PMID: 25378912]
[57]
Gendron RL, Tsai FY, Paradis H, Arceci RJ. Induction of embryonic vasculogenesis by bFGF and LIF in vitro and in vivo. Dev Biol 1996; 177(1): 332-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1996.0167] [PMID: 8660899]
[58]
Maity B, Banerjee D, Bandyopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S. Myristica malabarica heals stomach ulceration by increasing prostaglandin synthesis and angiogenesis. Planta Med 2008; 74(15): 1774-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1088336] [PMID: 19016406]
[59]
Konturek PC, Duda A, Brzozowski T, et al. Activation of genes for superoxide dismutase, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during healing of ischemia-reperfusion-induced gastric injury. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000; 35(5): 452-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003655200750023697] [PMID: 10868446]
[60]
Sasaki E, Tominaga K, Watanabe T, et al. COX-2 is essential for EGF induction of cell proliferation in gastric RGM1 cells. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48(12): 2257-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:DDAS.0000007860.87503.09] [PMID: 14714610]
[61]
de Paula Ferreira M, Nishijima CM, Seito LN, et al. Gastroprotective effect of Cissus sicyoides (Vitaceae): involvement of microcirculation, endogenous sulfhydryls and nitric oxide. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 117(1): 170-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.008] [PMID: 18304768]
[62]
Al-Howiriny T, Al-Sohaibani M, Al-Said M, Al-Yahya M, El-Tahir K, Rafatullah S. Effect of Commiphora opobalsamum (L.) Engl. (Balessan) on experimental gastric ulcers and secretion in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 98(3): 287-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.034] [PMID: 15814261]
[63]
Chen SH, Liang YC, Chao JC, et al. Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11(24): 3746-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i24.3746] [PMID: 15968732]
[64]
Kim SJ, Park YS, Paik HD, Chang HI. Effect of anthocyanins on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in naproxen-induced gastric ulcers. Br J Nutr 2011; 106(12): 1792-801.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711451100242X] [PMID: 21733337]
[65]
Vidal CS, Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins A, de Alencar Silva A, et al. Gastroprotective effect and mechanism of action of Croton rhamnifolioides essential oil in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89: 47-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.005] [PMID: 28214687]
[66]
Kim S, Lee HG, Park SA, et al. Keap1 cysteine 288 as a potential target for diallyl trisulfide-induced Nrf2 activation. PLoS One 2014; 9(1): e85984.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085984] [PMID: 24489685]
[67]
Luo C, Chen H, Wang Y, et al. Protective effect of coptisine free base on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats: Characterization of potential molecular mechanisms. Life Sci 2018; 193: 47-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.004] [PMID: 29223540]
[68]
Al-Howiriny T, Alsheikh A, Alqasoumi S, Al-Yahya M, ElTahir K, Rafatullah S. Gastric antiulcer, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties of celery (Apium graveolens) in rats. Pharm Biol 2010; 48(7): 786-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880200903280026] [PMID: 20645778]
[69]
Ragab TIM, Shalaby ASG, Awdan SAE, et al. Role of levan extracted from bacterial honey isolates in curing peptic ulcer: in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142: 564-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.131] [PMID: 31747565]
[70]
Nam HH, Choo BK. Geranium koreanum, a medicinal plant Geranii Herba, ameliorate the gastric mucosal injury in gastritis-induced mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265: 113041.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113041] [PMID: 32492494]
[71]
El-Shiekh RA, Salama A, Al-Mokaddem AK, et al. A pregnane glycoside for treatment of gastric ulcer in via modulation of heat shock protein-70 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Steroids 2021; 165: 108759.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108759] [PMID: 33181144]
[72]
Ji E, Wang T, Guo F, et al. Xiaoerfupi allein viates the symptoms of functional dyspepsia by regulating the HTR3A and c-FOS. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120: 109442.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109442] [PMID: 31546083]
[73]
Simons MA, Moody FG, Torma MJ. Effects of carbenoxolone on gastric mucosal permeability and blood flow in the dog. Gastroenterology 1976; 71(4): 603-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(76)80550-1] [PMID: 8357]
[74]
Alexiou D, Karayiannakis AJ, Syrigos KN, et al. Clinical significance of serum levels of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in gastric cancer patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98(2): 478-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07259.x] [PMID: 12591072]
[75]
Adhikary B, Yadav SK, Bandyopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S. Role of the COX-independent pathways in the ulcer-healing action of epigallocatechin gallate. Food Funct 2011; 2(6): 338-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0fo00183j] [PMID: 21779572]
[76]
Zhang YB. Composition for treating gastric ulcer and a process thereof. US Patent 12866047., 2012.
[77]
Pandey G, Rao CV, Sidhu OP, Rawat AK, Nautiyal CS. Synergistic pharmaceutical composition for gastroinestinal disorders. US Patent 10076550., 2018.
[78]
Yourui S, Ying Y, Lijuan H. Application of rhodiola rosea compound composite in treating erosive gastritis. Chinese patent 103272169B., 2014.
[79]
Xu R. Method for preventing ulceration or irritation of mucosa. US Patent 7211276., 2007.
[80]
Xin H. Preparation method of total alkaloid of Chinese mahonia stem and applications of total alkaloid of Chinese mahonia stem in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating gastric ulcer. Chinese Patent 103933100A., 2014.
[81]
Chunmei Q, Guangling Y, Xuguang Z, Zhichao Z. Composite for protecting gastric mucosa and resisting helicobacter pylori, and application thereof. Chinese Patent 109453362A., 2019.
[82]
Awaad AS, Almoqren SS, Safhi AA, Zain YM, El-Meligy RM, Al-Asamary FA. Gastroprotective extracts of Sonchus oleraceus. L. US Patent 10137162., 2018.
[83]
Baron RE. Oral formulation of botulinum toxin and its use for treating peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Japanese Patent 4808404B2., . 2011.
[84]
Da Silva AM, Moura TF, Dos Santos SB. Use of a plant extract, pharmaceutical compositions and use thereof. United States patent US 10383909., 2019.
[85]
Shinde LV, Changedia SM. A herbal composition for treatment of acidity and indigestion problem. US Patent 16640067., 2020.
[86]
Dexa Medica Group Treatment for ulcer healing in nonbleeding peptic ulcers. Available from:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02262169
[87]
Comparative anti helicobacter pylori efficacy assessment of unani formulation and quintuple regimen. Hamdard University. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03837210
[88]
Comparison of triamcinolone acetonide mucoadhesive film with liquorice mucoadhesive film on radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Isfahan university of medical sciences. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02075749
[89]
Open label, randomized, single site clinical trial to compare the safety of herbal melanin extracted from nigella sativa seeds vs standard of care treatment in treating gastritis patients. King abdullah international medical research center. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03428568
[90]
Open label, randomized, single site clinical trial to compare the safety of herbal melanin extracted from Nigella sativa seeds vs standard of care treatment in treating gastritis patients. Guang’anmen hospital of china academy of chinese medical sciences. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03091634
[91]
Effect of gum arabic (Acacia gum) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) mouthwashes compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash on caries prevention and the prevalence of oral side effects in high caries risk patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Cairo University 2021. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03684993
[92]
Efficacy of traditional chinese medicine jianpi qinghua granule combined with low dose omeprazole in patients with nonerosive reflux disease . Xiyuan hospital of china academy of chinese medical sciences. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02892357
[93]
Use of Maytenus ilicifolia mart. ex reiss in the treatment of dyspepsia. University of Sao Paulo. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01408849
[94]
Study of oligo-fucoidan in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hi-Q Marine Biotech International, Ltd. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04066660
[95]
Tuluce Y, Ozkol H, Koyuncu I, Ine H. Gastroprotective effect of small centaury (Centaurium erythraea L) on aspirin-induced gastric damage in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27(8): 760. 768 Available from:
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233710397421] [PMID: 21415093]
[96]
Raafat K, El-Darra N, Saleh FA. Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Prunus cerasus phytochemicals and their possible mechanisms of action. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10(4): 345. 353 Available from:
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.06.001] [PMID: 32695651]
[97]
Bandyopadhyay D, Biswas K, Bhattacharyya M, Reiter RJ, Banerjee RK. Gastric toxicity and mucosal ulceration induced by oxygen-derived reactive species: Protection by melatonin. Curr Mol Med 2001; 1(4): 501-13. Available from:.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524013363483] [PMID: 11899094]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version284msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[20:46:05] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[20:46:05] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[20:46:05] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[20:46:05] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (102ms)time
  • Application (182ms)time
  • 1 x Application (64.12%)
    182ms
    1 x Booting (35.88%)
    102ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated90.83ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51364601','',1,1740516365,1740516365) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740516365
      1.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51364601','/article/117161',1,1740516365,1740516365)
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51364601 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51364601) limit 1
      11.77msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51364601
      • 1: 51364601
      • 2: 51364601
      • 3: 51364601
      • 4: 51364601
      • 5: 51364601
      • 6: 51364601
      • 7: 51364601
      • 8: 51364601
      • 9: 51364601
      • 10: 51364601
      • 11: 51364601
      • 12: 51364601
      • 13: 51364601
      • 14: 51364601
      • 15: 51364601
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=117161
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 23 limit 1
      1.84msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 23
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=23) and sj.journal_id!=23 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=23) and sj.journal_id!=23 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=23) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      2.64msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=23) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      2.27msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '117161'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 117161
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '117161'
      3.67msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 117161
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '117161' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.45msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 117161
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 23 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      24.93msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 23 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      14.32msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 23 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      8.3msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 117161 limit 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 117161
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 117161 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 195393 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 195393
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CMM' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CMM
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '117161' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      380μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '11437' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3237' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3237) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3237) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3237)
      3msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11437) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11437) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11437)
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 117161) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 117161) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51364601 and j.to_ip >=51364601 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516365 and j.to_date >= 1740516365 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 117161)
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '431' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 11437 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      530μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 431
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '441' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 11437 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      500μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 441
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 117161 limit 1
      3.42msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 117161
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 23 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740516365 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740516365 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.12msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 23
      • 3: 1740516365
      • 4: 1740516365
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 23 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740516365 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740516365 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 23
      • 3: 1740516365
      • 4: 1740516365
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='3597181b825027e142e4cb9eae1b1511'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
    App\Models\MultiLangArticle
    1MultiLangArticle.php#?
        _token
        vp4jssTMWRdeXSsTTjKIlNI3Iq3x9aoP8Rb5mvBM
        uc_cart_id
        3597181b825027e142e4cb9eae1b1511
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/117161" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/117161
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:46:05 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVkKzRDektlZGcwSUpQcnpkaDVZRGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidVpXVjA5NklMWTBmRGU2Zmx4aDJFSWtWNWtCQzluZ1cvYzllREs5VlNHNkZKTktFVWppdEdkN2szTFBLb0ltdk41Z21rR3dlcXR5SW9uZ2Mzb0N1SDNyRW9NZ25YbkkvVG5YY1R4TzVwNUR0U1FtZDBmZ1M0UnJKTGgwNTFtcUoiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZjI0ZjYxOWQ3OWMyNzc0Njc1NWQ5MzUwOTIxM2EyMGNhZjYyOTc0ZDM0MTBiOTdlZDc2M2E1NGU3MTFkNmIyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:46:05 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVkKzRDektlZGcwSUpQcnpkaDVZRGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidVpXVjA5NklMWTBmRGU2Zmx4aDJFSWtWNWtCQzluZ1cvYzllREs5VlNHNkZKTktFVWppdEdkN2szTFBLb0ltdk41Z21rR" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpNSWs0amFxckVSZ3hNSGQySTQ5OGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTkNJMUdJMXExTHZhejFVNjdzeUxxbmFXN3hHU3g3T244Y0xkMTc3cUJYbWlsRnFlbnJ4SkVZUVIxYzJnbklDWnEzcmRXUnJqK0xtaHRKSnlGeE9rRG9XQk9RNFdvR3QyUS9qVU9UV2Q3djNVYURwVlpNbkZUL2tJR3JxTVdGL2IiLCJtYWMiOiJhMjRjMDc4YmRhNDM2NDBlODdmNWIzYTRkNTc1NjZlODkwZTkyMWNkZTY3YWQzMDNmY2RmOWUwMDNkMGUyNzBkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpNSWs0amFxckVSZ3hNSGQySTQ5OGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTkNJMUdJMXExTHZhejFVNjdzeUxxbmFXN3hHU3g3T244Y0xkMTc3cUJYbWlsRnFlbnJ4SkVZUVI" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVkKzRDektlZGcwSUpQcnpkaDVZRGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidVpXVjA5NklMWTBmRGU2Zmx4aDJFSWtWNWtCQzluZ1cvYzllREs5VlNHNkZKTktFVWppdEdkN2szTFBLb0ltdk41Z21rR3dlcXR5SW9uZ2Mzb0N1SDNyRW9NZ25YbkkvVG5YY1R4TzVwNUR0U1FtZDBmZ1M0UnJKTGgwNTFtcUoiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZjI0ZjYxOWQ3OWMyNzc0Njc1NWQ5MzUwOTIxM2EyMGNhZjYyOTc0ZDM0MTBiOTdlZDc2M2E1NGU3MTFkNmIyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:46:05 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVkKzRDektlZGcwSUpQcnpkaDVZRGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidVpXVjA5NklMWTBmRGU2Zmx4aDJFSWtWNWtCQzluZ1cvYzllREs5VlNHNkZKTktFVWppdEdkN2szTFBLb0ltdk41Z21rR" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpNSWs0amFxckVSZ3hNSGQySTQ5OGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTkNJMUdJMXExTHZhejFVNjdzeUxxbmFXN3hHU3g3T244Y0xkMTc3cUJYbWlsRnFlbnJ4SkVZUVIxYzJnbklDWnEzcmRXUnJqK0xtaHRKSnlGeE9rRG9XQk9RNFdvR3QyUS9qVU9UV2Q3djNVYURwVlpNbkZUL2tJR3JxTVdGL2IiLCJtYWMiOiJhMjRjMDc4YmRhNDM2NDBlODdmNWIzYTRkNTc1NjZlODkwZTkyMWNkZTY3YWQzMDNmY2RmOWUwMDNkMGUyNzBkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InpNSWs0amFxckVSZ3hNSGQySTQ5OGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTkNJMUdJMXExTHZhejFVNjdzeUxxbmFXN3hHU3g3T244Y0xkMTc3cUJYbWlsRnFlbnJ4SkVZUVI" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "vp4jssTMWRdeXSsTTjKIlNI3Iq3x9aoP8Rb5mvBM" "uc_cart_id" => "3597181b825027e142e4cb9eae1b1511" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/117161" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:46:05GET/article/117161414362