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Current Molecular Medicine

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ISSN (Print): 1566-5240
ISSN (Online): 1875-5666

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Review Article

Endogenous Liver Protections Against Lipotoxicity and Oxidative Stress to Avoid the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver to more Serious Disease

Author(s): Miguel-Angel Barrios-Maya, Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez and Mohammed El-Hafidi*

Volume 22, Issue 5, 2022

Published on: 12 July, 2021

Page: [401 - 420] Pages: 20

DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210712141600

Price: $65

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an ectopic accumulation of lipids in at least 5% of hepatocytes. The first phase of the disease, called hepatic steatosis, progresses over time to chronic conditions, such as steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and finally, hepatic insufficiency and cancer. The accumulation of free fatty acids in hepatocytes, particularly saturated fatty acids, is a key process in the development and progression of NAFLD. Furthermore, the accumulation of oxidative stress markers in NAFLD is closely linked to lipotoxicity due to impaired lipid metabolism and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, endogenous mechanisms are activated early in the liver to protect against lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, thus preventing liver mass loss and disease progression. Thus, in order to develop appropriate therapies, the purpose of this review is to discuss recent data from the literature regarding the importance of intrinsic mechanisms deployed by the liver in protecting itself against the adverse effects related to chronic lipid accumulation and ROS generation.

Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Free fatty acids, Lipotoxicity, NAFLD, Oxidative stress, metabolic disorder.

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