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Review Article

含咖啡因的饮料对心血管疾病的益处：真实的还是超现实的？“Metron

卷 29, 期 13, 2022

发表于: 08 July, 2021

页: [2235 - 2260] 页: 26

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867328666210708091709

价格: $65

摘要

含咖啡因饮料是全球消费最广泛的饮料，咖啡和茶是咖啡因最主要的两种来源。咖啡因含量因不同类型的饮料而异。除了咖啡因，咖啡和茶还有其他生物活性化合物，都可能影响一般和心血管（CV）健康。适度的咖啡因摄入（<300-400毫克/天），无论来源如何，都被欧洲和美国卫生当局认为是安全的，因为它与不良健康和CV影响无关，虽然它可以带来某些健康益处。咖啡摄入与CV风险之间存在非线性关联;适度喝咖啡与CV风险呈负相关，每天2-4杯最高益处，而大量饮用咖啡可能会增加风险。关于茶，由于每份咖啡因含量较低，其消费量仅受每日咖啡因总摄入量的限制。这两种含咖啡因的饮料，咖啡和茶，都含有额外的酚类化合物，具有抗氧化和抗炎活性，具有心脏保护作用。在几种咖啡化合物中，氯乙酸和类黑色素提供这种有益的作用，而二萜烯可能对脂质产生不利影响。大多数茶叶成分（多酚）都是心脏保护的。一个主要问题与能量饮料有关，其咖啡因含量要高得多，这使个人，特别是青少年和年轻人，处于高健康和CV风险中。本文讨论了所有这些问题，包括相关研究和荟萃分析，涉及的发病机制以及卫生当局的相关建议。

关键词: 咖啡，咖啡因，含咖啡因的饮料，心血管疾病，心律失常，心房颤动，心力衰竭，高血压。

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