Generic placeholder image

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1386-2073
ISSN (Online): 1875-5402

Research Article

Prediction Mechanism of Nevadensin as Antibacterial Agent against S. sanguinis: In vitro and In silico Studies

Author(s): Aldina Amalia Nur Shadrina, Yetty Herdiyati, Ika Wiani, Mieke Hemiawati Satari and Dikdik Kurnia*

Volume 25, Issue 9, 2022

Published on: 07 July, 2021

Page: [1488 - 1497] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210707104440

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus sanguinis can contribute to tooth demineralization, which can lead to dental caries. Antibiotics used indefinitely to treat dental caries can lead to bacterial resistance. Discovering new antibacterial agents from natural products, like Ocimum basilicum, will help combat antibiotic resistance. In silico analysis (molecular docking) can help determine the lead compound by studying the molecular interaction between the drug and the target receptor (MurA enzyme and DNA gyrase). It is a potential candidate for antibacterial drug development.

Objectives: The research objective is to isolate the secondary metabolite of O. basilicum extract that exhibits activity against S. sanguinis through in vitro and in silico analysis.

Methods: n-Hexane extract of O. basilicum was purified by combining column chromatography with bioactivity-guided fractionation. The in vitro antibacterial activity against S. sanguinis was determined using the disc diffusion and microdilution method, while molecular docking simulation of nevadensin (1) with MurA enzyme and DNA gyrase was performed by using PyRx 0.8 program.

Results: Nevadensin from O. basilicum was successfully isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods. This compound showed antibacterial activity against S. sanguinis with MIC and MBC values of 3750 and 15000 μg/mL, respectively. In silico analysis showed that the binding affinity to MurA was -8.5 Kcal/mol, and the binding affinity to DNA gyrase was -6.7 Kcal/mol. The binding of nevadensin-MurA is greater than fosfomycin-MurA. Otherwise, Nevadensin-DNA gyrase has a weaker binding affinity than fluoroquinolone-DNA gyrase and chlorhexidine-DNA gyrase.

Conclusion: Nevadensin showed potential as a new natural antibacterial agent by inhibiting the MurA enzyme rather than DNA gyrase.

Keywords: Antibacterial, DNA gyrase, in vitro, in silico, MurA enzyme, nevadensin, Ocimum basilicum.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Fatriadi, F.; Kurnia, D.; Satari, M.H. Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extract of ant-plant tubers towards Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10566. Padjadjaran J. Dentistry, 2018, 30(3), 89-192.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol30no3.20002]
[2]
Gugnani, N.; Pandit, I.K.; Srivastava, N.; Gupta, M.; Sharma, M. International caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS): A new concept. Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent., 2011, 4(2), 93-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1089] [PMID: 27672245]
[3]
Coronado-López, S.; Caballero-García, S.; Aguilar-Luis, M.A.; Mazulis, F.; Del Valle-Mendoza, J. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of Pelargonium peltatum (Geranium) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis. Int. J. Dent., 2018, 2018, 2714350.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2714350] [PMID: 30622566]
[4]
Bernardi, D.; Adams, H.; Behr, M.; Eberhard, M.; Kern, S.; Rauch, E.; Scholz, T.; Kattner, L.; Klein, C.D. New inhibitors of MurA, an antibacterial target enzyme; Endotherm Life Sci. Mol, 2019, p. 1.
[5]
Jukič; M.; Gobec, S.; Sova, M. Reaching toward underexplored targets in antibacterial drug design. Drug Dev. Res., 2019, 80(1), 6-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21465] [PMID: 30312991]
[6]
Mosratö, J.; Mir, J.; Codony, F.; Mas, J.; Ribas, F. Microbial response to disinfectants, 2003, 657-693.
[7]
Herdiyati, Y.; Astrid, Y.; Shadrina, A.A.N.; Wiani, I.; Satari, M.H.; Kurnia, D. Potential fatty acid as antibacterial agent against oral bacteria of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis from Basil (Ocimum americanum): In vitro and in silico studies. Curr. Drug Discov. Technol., 2020, 16, 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163817666200712171652] [PMID: 32652913]
[8]
Higgins, N.P. Gyrase In: Brenner’s encyclopedia of genetics. 2013, 3, 374-377.
[9]
Khan, T.; Sankhe, K.; Suvarna, V.; Sherje, A.; Patel, K.; Dravyakar, B. DNA gyrase inhibitors: Progress and synthesis of potent compounds as antibacterial agents. Biomed. Pharmac., 2018, 103, 923-938.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.021] [PMID: 29710509]
[10]
Loyola-Rodriguez, J.P.; Ponce-Diaz, M.E.; Loyola-Leyva, A.; Garcia-Cortes, J.O.; Medina-Solis, C.E.; Contreras-Ramire, A.A.; Serena-Gomez, E. Determination and identification of antibiotic-resistant oral Streptococci isolated from active dental infections in adults. Acta Odontol. Scand., 2018, 76(4), 229-235.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2017.1405463] [PMID: 29160117]
[11]
Lavanya, J.; Periyar, S.S.; Jeevitha, P.M.; Preethi, J.; Aradana, M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of selected medicinal plants againts human oral pathogens. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 8(9), 71-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i9.11989]
[12]
Ahmed, S.; Ikram, D. ocimum basilicum: A Review on phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Pak. J. Chem., 2012, 2(2), 78-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15228/2012.v02.i02.p05]
[13]
Pathak, A.; Sardar, A.; Kadam, V.; Rekadwad, B.; Karuppayil, S.M. Efficacy of some medicinal plant against human dental pathogens. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour., 2012, 3(1), 123-127.
[14]
Cui, W.; Aouidate, A.; Wang, S.; Yu, Q.; Li, Y.; Yuan, S. Discovering anti-cancer drugs via computational methods. Front. Pharmacol., 2020, 11, 733.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00733] [PMID: 32508653]
[15]
Pinzi, L.; Rastelli, G. Molecular docking: Shifting paradigms in drug discovery. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2019, 20(18), 4331.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184331] [PMID: 31487867]
[16]
Hudzicki, J. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol., 2009.
[17]
Abdullahi, M.; Adeniji, S.E. In silico molecular docking and adme/pharmacokinetic prediction studies of some novel carboxamide derivatives as anti-tubercular agents; Chemistry Africa, 2020, pp. 1-12.
[18]
Greenwood, D.; Finch, R.; Davey, P.; Wilcox, M. M. Antibiotics, susceptibility (sensitivity) test antimicrobial and chemoterapy; Mc Graw Hill Company: United State of America, 1995.
[19]
Mbaveng, A.T.; Sandjo, L.P.; Tankeo, S.B.; Ndifor, A.R.; Pantaleon, A.; Nagdjui, B.T.; Kuete, V. Antibacterial activity of nineteen selected natural products against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative phenotypes. Springerplus, 2015, 4(1), 823.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1645-8] [PMID: 26753111]
[20]
Bohm, B.A. Introduction to flavonoids; harwood academic publishers, 1998.
[21]
Supratman, U. Elucidation of structure of organic compounds; Widya Padjadjaran: Bandung, 2010.
[22]
Brahmachari, G. Nevadensin: Isolation, chemistry and bioactivity. Int. J. Green Pharm., 2010, 4(4)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.74128]
[23]
Pavia, D.L.; Lampman, G.M.; Kriz, G.S.; Vyvyan, J.A. Introduction to spectroscopy; Cengage Learning, 2008.
[24]
Sanni, S.; Onyeyili, P.A.; Sanni, F.S. phytochemical analysis, elemental determination and some in vitro antibacterial activity of Ocimum basilicum L. leaf extract. Res. J. Phytochem., 2008, 2(2), 77-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjphyto.2008.77.83]
[25]
Falowo, A.B.; Mukumbo, F.E.; Idamokoro, E.M.; Afolayan, A.J.; Muchenje, V. Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil on ground beef from boran and nguni cattle. Int. J. Food Sci., 2019, 2019, 2628747.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2628747] [PMID: 30713849]
[26]
Chiang, L.C.; Ng, L.T.; Cheng, P.W.; Chiang, W.; Lin, C.C. Antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2005, 32(10), 811-816.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04270.x] [PMID: 16173941]
[27]
Al-Amri, S.H.A.; Odisho, S.M.; Ibrahem, O.M.S. In vitro antiviral potential of Ocimum basilicum and Olea europaea leaves extract against Newcastle disease virus of poultry. Iraqi J. Vet. Med., 2015, 39(1), 94-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i1.204]
[28]
Silva, V.A.; da Sousa, J.P.; Pessoa, H.L.F.; de Freitas, A.F.R.; Countinho, H.D.M.; Alves, L.B.N.; Lima, E.O. Antibacterial activity and association study with antibiotics against bacteria of clinical importance. Pharm. Biol., 2016, 54(5), 863-867.
[29]
El-Soud, N.H.A.; Deabes, M.; El-Kassem, L.A.; Khalil, M. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci., 2015, 3(3), 374-379.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2015.082] [PMID: 27275253]
[30]
Nour, A.H.; Elhussein, S.A.; Osman, N.A.; Nour, A.H.; Yusoff, M.M. A study of the essential oils of four sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against anopheles mosquito larvae. Am. J. Appl. Sci., 2009, 6(7), 1359-1363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1359.1363]
[31]
Nour, A.H.; Nour, A.H.; Yusoff, M.M.; Sandanasamy, J.D.O. Bioactive compounds from basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae. 3rd International. Conference on biology, environment and chemistry, 2012.
[32]
Qamar, K.A.; Dar, A.; Siddiqui, B.S.; Kabir, N.; Aslam, H.; Ahmed, S.; Erum, S.; Habib, S.; Begum, S. Anticancer activity of Ocimum basilicum and the effect of ursolic acid on the cytoskeleton of mcf-7 human breast cancer cells. Lett. Drug Des. Discov., 2010, 7, 726-736.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180811007010726]
[33]
Qamar, K.A.; Farooq, A.D.; Siddiqui, B.S.; Kabir, N.; Begum, S. Antiproliferative effects of Ocimum basilicum methanolic extract and fractions, oleanolic acid and 3-epi-ursolic acid. Curr. Tradit. Med., 2020, 6(2), 134-146.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2215083805666191010152439]
[34]
Rezzoug, M.; Bakchiche, B.; Gherib, A.; Roberta, A. FlaminiGuido; Kilinçarslan, Ö.; Mammadov, R.; Bardaweel, S.K. Chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. and thymus algeriensis boiss. & reut. from the algerian saharan atlas. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2019, 19(1), 146.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2556-y] [PMID: 31227024]
[35]
Ganapaty, S.; Chandrashekhar, V.M.; Chitme, H.R.; Narsu, M.L. Free radical scavenging activity of gossypin and nevadensin: An in-vitro evaluation. Indian J. Pharmacol., 2007, 39(6), 281-283.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.39147]
[36]
Akhtar, N.; Ali, M.; Alam, M.S. Chemical constituents from the seeds of Zanthoxylum alatum. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2009, 11(1), 91-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020802514622] [PMID: 19177245]
[37]
Shivakumar, N.; Agrawal, P.; Gupta, P.K. Green pharmacy: An alternative and complementary medicine. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2013, 4(2), 575-581.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.4(2).575-81]
[38]
Jiang, N.; Doseff, A.I.; Grotewold, E. Flavones: from biosynthesis to health benefits. Plants (Basel), 2016, 5(2), 27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants5020027] [PMID: 27338492]
[39]
Górniak, I.; Bartoszewski, R.; Króliczewski, J. Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochem. Rev., 2019, 18(1), 241-272.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9591-z]
[40]
Xie, Y.; Yang, W.; Tang, F.; Chen, X.; Ren, L. Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Curr. Med. Chem., 2015, 22(1), 132-149.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140916113443] [PMID: 25245513]
[41]
Chen, D.; Oezguen, N.; Urvil, P.; Ferguson, C.; Dann, S.M.; Savidge, T.C. Regulation of protein-ligand binding affinity by hydrogen bond pairing. Sci. Adv., 2016, 2(3), e1501240.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501240] [PMID: 27051863]
[42]
Kurnia, D.; Hutabarat, G.S.; Windaryanti, D.; Herlina, T.; Herdiyati, Y.; Satari, M.H. Potential allylpyrocatechol derivatives as antibacterial agent against oral pathogen of S. sanguinis ATCC 10,556 and as inhibitor of mura enzymes: in vitro and in silico study. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 2020, 14, 2977-2985.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S255269] [PMID: 32801638]
[43]
Eschenburg, S.; Priestman, M.A.; Abdul-Latif, F.A.; Delachaume, C.; Fassy, F.; Schönbrunn, E. A novel inhibitor that suspends the induced fit mechanism of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA). J. Biol. Chem., 2005, 280(14), 14070-14075.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M414412200] [PMID: 15701635]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version399msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[13:40:33] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[13:40:33] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • warninglog[13:40:33] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[13:40:33] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (118ms)time
  • Application (282ms)time
  • 1 x Application (70.56%)
    282ms
    1 x Booting (29.43%)
    118ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated188ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316307720','',1,1739972433,1739972433) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739972433
      1.22msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316307720','/article/116514',1,1739972433,1739972433)
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316307720 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316307720) limit 1
      21.37msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316307720
      • 1: 316307720
      • 2: 316307720
      • 3: 316307720
      • 4: 316307720
      • 5: 316307720
      • 6: 316307720
      • 7: 316307720
      • 8: 316307720
      • 9: 316307720
      • 10: 316307720
      • 11: 316307720
      • 12: 316307720
      • 13: 316307720
      • 14: 316307720
      • 15: 316307720
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=116514
      1.31msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 8 limit 1
      1.11msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 8
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=8) and sj.journal_id!=8 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.68msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=8) and sj.journal_id!=8 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      1.37msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=8) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      5.34msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=8) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      3.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '116514'
      1.91msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 116514
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '116514'
      2.45msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 116514
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '116514' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      4.49msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 116514
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 8 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      35.3msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 8 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      36.48msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 8 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      19.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 116514 limit 1
      1.81msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 116514
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 116514 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      1.16msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 194546 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 194546
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CCHTS' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CCHTS
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '116514' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '11588' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '3115' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3115) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3115) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3115)
      34.88msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11588) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11588) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 11588)
      930μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 116514) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 116514) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316307720 and j.to_ip >=316307720 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739972433 and j.to_date >= 1739972433 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 116514)
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '1488' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 11588 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 1488
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '1497' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 11588 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 1497
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 116514 limit 1
      3.81msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 116514
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 8 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739972433 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739972433 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.57msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 8
      • 3: 1739972433
      • 4: 1739972433
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 8 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739972433 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739972433 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.5msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 8
      • 3: 1739972433
      • 4: 1739972433
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='d332260dba36854b3fe8fc9c09fba95e'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        Hd4RWN90Jz1qdWXQpgtom8NCi0hRGFHv19GrFnwe
        uc_cart_id
        d332260dba36854b3fe8fc9c09fba95e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/116514" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/116514
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:8 [ "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 13:40:33 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJsWHVkQVowZEdRYjd3a20yMzR3V0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVWdkaVF4N3J3VmpobmhIMmVOWVhVRSt0Y2Y2dnMwM1lPMmV5ZlplaW5hc3lxKzZLa2VtRm5FZWpTbm9qZjhRaGZpSGRwOWlaZktqcWpwMCtYZUl2TEU0clQ2ZkNGVEZzUkluQ0E2cnhlUlJMQnkySHhaQmQwZVpRKzZiYmt5aXciLCJtYWMiOiJlYTA1YzQ0ZmJjNzg4MGI1ZTg2YTUzNGY1ZTI2MWM2ODIwOWJmY2UyNmMzMzk1MjRlMGZmMWZlNTBhOTlhMGMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:40:33 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJsWHVkQVowZEdRYjd3a20yMzR3V0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVWdkaVF4N3J3VmpobmhIMmVOWVhVRSt0Y2Y2dnMwM1lPMmV5ZlplaW5hc3lxKzZLa2VtRm5FZWpTbm9qZjhRaGZpSGRwO" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InFibTg1cTI5M2tsL2oyYXFOeXg4SkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVmhaZjFjcXZzRTQ3MnRkWmlHVkJCcGFpTlBKWGlnTXFBMlVlRk9KNm9UdG1LVkwwcWozcCszSDRCYm4weVhybHBpL2o3NzA3R3hqQ1dGZFVwN3MxcE5pa2Uvbkp1Mlo1MGJyUkRGQ21PU3FoQ25UdTBGd2owUWU3ejR6NVJKTEUiLCJtYWMiOiIxMDI4NTg2N2E0MDcwMzVlYjFkNWMzZWFiODg2YmQyYzc3ZGRhYTI3ZTBhYTYwNzFiNWUyMjgyYmIyMjI3ODBjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InFibTg1cTI5M2tsL2oyYXFOeXg4SkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVmhaZjFjcXZzRTQ3MnRkWmlHVkJCcGFpTlBKWGlnTXFBMlVlRk9KNm9UdG1LVkwwcWozcCszSDR" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJsWHVkQVowZEdRYjd3a20yMzR3V0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVWdkaVF4N3J3VmpobmhIMmVOWVhVRSt0Y2Y2dnMwM1lPMmV5ZlplaW5hc3lxKzZLa2VtRm5FZWpTbm9qZjhRaGZpSGRwOWlaZktqcWpwMCtYZUl2TEU0clQ2ZkNGVEZzUkluQ0E2cnhlUlJMQnkySHhaQmQwZVpRKzZiYmt5aXciLCJtYWMiOiJlYTA1YzQ0ZmJjNzg4MGI1ZTg2YTUzNGY1ZTI2MWM2ODIwOWJmY2UyNmMzMzk1MjRlMGZmMWZlNTBhOTlhMGMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 01:40:33 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjJsWHVkQVowZEdRYjd3a20yMzR3V0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVWdkaVF4N3J3VmpobmhIMmVOWVhVRSt0Y2Y2dnMwM1lPMmV5ZlplaW5hc3lxKzZLa2VtRm5FZWpTbm9qZjhRaGZpSGRwO" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InFibTg1cTI5M2tsL2oyYXFOeXg4SkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVmhaZjFjcXZzRTQ3MnRkWmlHVkJCcGFpTlBKWGlnTXFBMlVlRk9KNm9UdG1LVkwwcWozcCszSDRCYm4weVhybHBpL2o3NzA3R3hqQ1dGZFVwN3MxcE5pa2Uvbkp1Mlo1MGJyUkRGQ21PU3FoQ25UdTBGd2owUWU3ejR6NVJKTEUiLCJtYWMiOiIxMDI4NTg2N2E0MDcwMzVlYjFkNWMzZWFiODg2YmQyYzc3ZGRhYTI3ZTBhYTYwNzFiNWUyMjgyYmIyMjI3ODBjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InFibTg1cTI5M2tsL2oyYXFOeXg4SkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVmhaZjFjcXZzRTQ3MnRkWmlHVkJCcGFpTlBKWGlnTXFBMlVlRk9KNm9UdG1LVkwwcWozcCszSDR" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "Hd4RWN90Jz1qdWXQpgtom8NCi0hRGFHv19GrFnwe" "uc_cart_id" => "d332260dba36854b3fe8fc9c09fba95e" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/116514" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 13:40:33GET/article/116514414361