摘要
临床情况是输血的血液变得稀缺或无法获得。由于献血和输血系统造成的各种困难,对输血替代办法的大量需求依然存在。血红蛋白囊泡(Hb-V)是人工氧载体,正在开发用作输血替代品。就像红细胞(RBC)的生物膜一样,用于Hb封装的磷脂囊泡(脂质体)可以保护人体免受分子Hb的毒性作用。主要的HbV成分Hb是从丢弃的人类捐献的血液中获得的。因此,HbV可归类为靶向外周组织氧气的生物制剂。纯化程序严格消除了病毒污染的可能性。它还可以去除红细胞中存在的所有伴随的不稳定酶,以最大限度地提高感染安全性。脱氧的HbV可在环境温度下储存多年,可作为输血的替代方法,用于从出血性休克和O2治疗中复苏。此外,最近的一项研究阐明了一氧化碳(CO)结合的HbV对抗氧化和抗炎的有益作用.静脉内给药后,HbV(HbO2→metHb + O2 -.)的自氧化是不可避免的。亚甲蓝共注射可有效提取红细胞内糖酵解电子能,降低甲基氢氧化酶。其他吩噻嗪染料也可以作为电子介质,以提高HbV的功能寿命。本文综述了HbV针对临床应用的研究和开发的最新进展。
关键词: 人造血液,血液替代品,一氧化碳,电子介质,糖酵解电子能,血红蛋白基氧载体,脂质体,NAD(P)H。
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