摘要
接种小抗原,如蛋白质、肽或核酸,用于激活免疫系统并触发针对病原体的保护性免疫反应。目前,正在开发纳米疫苗而不是传统疫苗。纳米疫苗的大小在 10-500 nm 的范围内,这使得它们很容易被细胞吸收并表现出更高的安全性。然而,低水平的免疫反应,随着多余病原体的去除,无效地触发免疫系统的反作用激活,并对抗原识别及其通过抗原呈递细胞 (APC) 的吸收提出了具有挑战性的障碍。此外,毒性可能很大。为了克服这些问题,已经提出了多种基于纳米技术的细胞穿透肽(CPP)介导的疫苗递送系统,其中大部分旨在提高体内抗原的稳定性及其向免疫细胞的递送。 CPPs 是抗原传递的特别有吸引力的组成部分。因此,CPP 独特的易位特性确保它们仍然是一种有吸引力的载体,能够以有效的方式运送货物,用于药物、基因转移、蛋白质和 DNA/RNA 疫苗接种的应用。 CPP 介导的纳米疫苗可以增强 APC 对抗原的摄取、加工和呈递,这是启动免疫反应的基本步骤。本综述描述了不同类型的基于 CPP 的纳米疫苗递送策略。
关键词: 细胞穿透肽、纳米颗粒、疫苗、免疫反应、递送系统、纳米技术。
图形摘要
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