Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Alkaloids of Peganum harmala: Anticancer Biomarkers with Promising Outcomes

Author(s): Atefeh Jalali, Farid Dabaghian and Mohammad M. Zarshenas*

Volume 27, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 25 November, 2020

Page: [185 - 196] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201125103941

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Cancer is a serious and growing global health issue worldwide. In the cancerous cells, the normal cell cycle has been disrupted via a series of irreversible changes. Recently, the investigations on herbal medicine and clarifying the phytochemicals potential in treat cancer has been increased. The combination of phytochemicals with conventional cancer treatment approaches can improve outcomes via advancing cell death, restraining cell proliferation and invasion, sensitizing cancerous cells, and promoting the immune system. Therefore, phytochemicals can be introduced as relevant complementary medicaments in cancer therapy. Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) as a valuable medicinal herb, possesses various alkaloid ingredient.

Objective: Pointing to the importance of new avenues for cancer management and P. harmala convincing effect in this field, this review strived to collect a frame to epitome possible scopes to develop novel medicines in cancer treatment.

Methods: Keywords "Peganum harmala" and cancer, or chemotherapy, or anti-neoplasm were searched through the "Scopus" database up to 29th of February 2020. Papers linking to agriculture, chemistry, environmental, and genetics sciences were omitted and, papers centered on cancer were selected.

Results and Discussion: In the current study, 42 related papers to cancer treatment and 22 papers on alkaloid bioactive components are collected from 72 papers. The β-carboline alkaloids derived from P. harmala, especially harmine, demonstrate notable anticancer properties by targeting apoptosis, autophagy, abnormal cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cytotoxicity. Based on the collected information, P. harmala holds significant anticancer activity. Considering the mechanism of the various anticancer drugs and their acting similarity to P. harmala, the alkaloids derived from this herb, particularly harmine, can introduce as a novel anticancer medicine solely or in adjuvant cancer therapy.

Keywords: Anti-neoplasm, cancer, chemotherapy, harmine, Peganum harmala, phytochemical.

« Previous Next »
[1]
World Health Organization. Cancer. Available at:. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
[2]
Nobili S, Lippi D, Witort E, et al. Natural compounds for cancer treatment and prevention. Pharmacol Res 2009; 59(6): 365-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2009.01.017] [PMID: 19429468]
[3]
Zarshenas MM, Mohammadi-Bardbori A. A medieval description of metastatic breast cancer; from Avicenna’s view point. Breast 2017; 31: 20-1.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2016.10.019] [PMID: 27810694]
[4]
Safarzadeh E, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S, Baradaran B. Herbal medicine as inducers of apoptosis in cancer treatment. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4(Suppl. 1): 421-7.
[PMID: 25364657]
[5]
Nussbaumer S, Bonnabry P, Veuthey J-L, Fleury-Souverain S. Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85(5): 2265-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [PMID: 21962644]
[6]
Wang Z, Wang N, Chen J, Shen J. Emerging glycolysis targeting and drug discovery from chinese medicine in cancer therapy. Evi Compl Altern Med 2012; 2012.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/873175]
[7]
Sun Y, Xun K, Wang Y, Chen X. A systematic review of the anticancer properties of berberine, a natural product from Chinese herbs. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20(9): 757-69.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CAD.0b013e328330d95b] [PMID: 19704371]
[8]
Errayes AO, Abdussalam-Mohammed W, Darwish MO. Review of Phytochemical and Medical Applications of Annona Muricata Fruits. J Chem Rev 2020; 2(1): 70-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/JCR.2020.1.5]
[9]
Rizeq B, Gupta I, Ilesanmi J, AlSafran M, Rahman MM, Ouhtit A. The Power of Phytochemicals Combination in Cancer Chemoprevention. J Cancer 2020; 11(15): 4521-33.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.34374] [PMID: 32489469]
[10]
Iranshahy M, Fazly Bazzaz S, Haririzadeh G, Abootorabi BZ, Mohamadi AM, Khashyarmanesh Z. Chemical composition and antibacterial properties of Peganum harmala L. Avicenna J Phytomed 2019; 9(6): 530-7.
[PMID: 31763212]
[11]
Lamchouri F, Zemzami M, Jossang A, Abdellatif A, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013; 26(4): 699-706.
[PMID: 23811445]
[12]
Mina CN, Farzaei MH, Gholamreza A. Medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy: a review. J Tradit Chin Med 2015; 35(1): 104-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(15)30016-9] [PMID: 25842736]
[13]
Moloudizargari M, Mikaili P, Aghajanshakeri S, Asghari MH, Shayegh J. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids. Pharmacogn Rev 2013; 7(14): 199-212.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.120524] [PMID: 24347928]
[14]
Jahaniani F, Ebrahimi SA, Rahbar-Roshandel N, Mahmoudian M. Xanthomicrol is the main cytotoxic component of Dracocephalum kotschyii and a potential anti-cancer agent. Phytochemistry 2005; 66(13): 1581-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.04.035] [PMID: 15949825]
[15]
Cao R, Peng W, Chen H, et al. DNA binding properties of 9-substituted harmine derivatives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338(3): 1557-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.121] [PMID: 16288723]
[16]
Pozzi F, Shibayama N, Leona M, Lombardi JR. TLC-SERS study of Syrian rue (Peganum harmala) and its main alkaloid constituents. J Raman Spectrosc 2013; 44(1): 102-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4140]
[17]
Siddiqui S, Khan OY, Siddiqui BS, Faizi S. Harmalidine, A β-carboline alkaloid from Peganum harmala. Phytochemistry 1987; 26(5): 1548-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81861-0]
[18]
McKenzie E, Nettleship L, Slaytor M. New natural products from Peganum harmala. Phytochemistry 1975; 14(1): 273-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(75)85054-0]
[19]
Wang C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, He X. Cytotoxic indole alkaloids against human leukemia cell lines from the toxic plant Peganum harmala. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7(11): 4507-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins7114507] [PMID: 26540074]
[20]
Tian X, Sun D, Du N. Studies on the antitumor activity constituents of Xinjiang Peganum harmala seeds. Xinjiang Yike Daxue Xuebao 2003; 26: 113-7.
[21]
Shang X, Guo X, Li B, et al. Microwave-assisted extraction of three bioactive alkaloids from Peganum harmala L. and their acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 192: 350-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.057] [PMID: 27452655]
[22]
Wang X, Geng Y, Wang D, Shi X, Liu J. Separation and purification of harmine and harmaline from Peganum harmala using pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31(20): 3543-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200800322] [PMID: 18844206]
[23]
Khashimov KN, Telezhenetskaya M, Rashkes YV, Yunusov SY. Pegamine: A new alkaloid fromPeganum harmala. Chem Nat Compd 1970; 6(4): 462-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564251]
[24]
Al-Shamma A, Drake S, Flynn DL, et al. Antimicrobial agents from higher plants. Antimicrobial agents from Peganum harmala seeds. J Nat Prod 1981; 44(6): 745-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50018a025] [PMID: 7334386]
[25]
Ayoub MT, Rashan L. Isoharmine, a β-carboline alkaloid from Peganum harmala seeds. Phytochemistry 1991; 30(3): 1046-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85312-N]
[26]
Asgarpanah J, Ramezanloo F. Chemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 6(22): 1573-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.876]
[27]
Fathiazad F, Azarmi Y, Khodaie L. Pharmacological effects of Peganum harmala seeds extract on isolated rat uterus. Indian J Pharm Sci 2006; 2(2): 81-6.
[28]
Nettleship L, Slaytor M. Ruine: A glucosidic β-carboline from Peganum harmala. Phytochemistry 1971; 10(2): 231-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94034-2]
[29]
Wang K-B, Di Y-T, Bao Y, et al. Peganumine A, a β-carboline dimer with a new octacyclic scaffold from Peganum harmala. Org Lett 2014; 16(15): 4028-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol501856v] [PMID: 25054213]
[30]
Cheng X-m, Liu W, Han Z-z, Chou G-x, Wang Y, Sun D-x, et al. Peganumine BI and two enantiomers: new alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala Linn. and their potential cytotoxicity and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. RSC Advances 2016; 6(19): 15976-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6RA00086J]
[31]
Singh VK, Mishra V, Tiwari S, et al. Anti-secretory and cyto-protective effects of peganine hydrochloride isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala on gastric ulcers. Phytomedicine 2013; 20(13): 1180-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.017] [PMID: 23880327]
[32]
Mahmoudian M, Jalipour H, Salehian Dardashti P. Toxicity of Peganum harmala: review and a case report Iranian J Pharmacol Therap 2002; 1(1).
[33]
Liljegren D. Biosynthesis of quinazoline alkaloids of Peganum harmala. Phytochemistry 1971; 10(11): 2661-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97262-5]
[34]
Li S-G, Wang K-B, Gong C, et al. Cytotoxic quinazoline alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28(2): 103-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.003] [PMID: 29229205]
[35]
Molchanov L, D’yakonov A, Aripov KN. Isolation of peganine and deoxypeganine from the total alkaloids ofPeganum harmala through their complex salts. Chem Nat Compd 1996; 32(1): 56-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01373792]
[36]
Khashimov KN, Telezhenetskaya M, Yunusov SY. Peganidine-A new base fromPeganum harmala. Chem Nat Compd 1969; 5(6): 518.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568612]
[37]
Fesik SW. Promoting apoptosis as a strategy for cancer drug discovery. Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5(11): 876-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1736] [PMID: 16239906]
[38]
Earnshaw WC. Nuclear changes in apoptosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1995; 7(3): 337-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-0674(95)80088-3] [PMID: 7662363]
[39]
Kaufmann SH, Earnshaw WC. Induction of apoptosis by cancer chemotherapy. Exp Cell Res 2000; 256(1): 42-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/excr.2000.4838] [PMID: 10739650]
[40]
Russo M, Russo GL. Autophagy inducers in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153: 51-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.007] [PMID: 29438677]
[41]
Fulda S. Autophagy in Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2017; 7: 128.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2017.00128] [PMID: 28674677]
[42]
Ding Q, Wang Z, Ma K, Chen Q. Harmine induces gastric cancer cell apoptosis through the rosmediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Curr Signal Transduct Ther 2015; 10(2): 112-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574362410666150625190713]
[43]
Shen J, Wang B, Zhang T, et al. Suppression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis by a Novel Small Molecular Activator of RECK. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 45(5): 1807-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487872] [PMID: 29510387]
[44]
Liu J, Li Q, Liu Z, et al. Harmine induces cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial pathway-mediated cellular apoptosis in SW620 cells via inhibition of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2016; 35(6): 3363-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.4695] [PMID: 27004568]
[45]
Hashemi Sheikh Shabani S, Seyed Hasan Tehrani S, Rabiei Z, Tahmasebi Enferadi S, Vannozzi GP. Peganum harmala L.'s anti-growth effect on a breast cancer cell line. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2015; 8: 138-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2015.08.007] [PMID: 28352583]
[46]
Song ZY, Liu JR, Lu XL, Wang LJ. [Harmine induces apoptosis in human SGC-7901 cells]. Zhong Yao Cai 2006; 29(6): 571-3. PMID: 17039880
[47]
Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, et al. In vitro cell-toxicity of Peganum harmala alkaloids on cancerous cell-lines. Fitoterapia 2000; 71(1): 50-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00117-3] [PMID: 11449470]
[48]
Chen Q, Chao R, Chen H, et al. Antitumor and neurotoxic effects of novel harmine derivatives and structure-activity relationship analysis. Int J Cancer 2005; 114(5): 675-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20703] [PMID: 15609303]
[49]
Zou N, Wei Y, Li F, Yang Y, Cheng X, Wang C. The inhibitory effects of compound Muniziqi granule against B16 cells and harmine induced autophagy and apoptosis by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17(1): 517.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2017-4] [PMID: 29197358]
[50]
Li C, Wang Y, Wang C, Yi X, Li M, He X. Anticancer activities of harmine by inducing a pro-death autophagy and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2017; 28: 10-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.008] [PMID: 28478808]
[51]
Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Kulathinal RJ, et al. Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35(Suppl.): S25-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.006] [PMID: 25892662]
[52]
Reinecke P, Corvin J, Gabbert HE, Gerharz CD. Antiproliferative effects of paclitaxel (Taxol) on human renal clear cell carcinomas in vitro. Eur J Cancer 1997; 33(7): 1122-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8049(97)00069-5] [PMID: 9376193]
[53]
Kümler I, Brünner N, Stenvang J, Balslev E, Nielsen DL. A systematic review on topoisomerase 1 inhibition in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138(2): 347-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-013-2476-3] [PMID: 23512247]
[54]
Yun J. Inhibitory effects of harmine on migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells by regulating notch signaling. Korean J Pharmacogn 2018; 49(4): 285-90.
[55]
Daoud A, Song J, Xiao F, Shang J. B-9-3, a novel β-carboline derivative exhibits anti-cancer activity via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 724(1): 219-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.038] [PMID: 24380828]
[56]
Berrougui H, López-Lázaro M, Martin-Cordero C, Mamouchi M, Ettaib A, Herrera MD. Cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract and two alkaloids extracted from seeds of Peganum harmala L. J Nat Rem 2005; 5(1): 41-5.
[57]
Oodi A, Norouzi H, Amirizadeh N, Nikougoftar M, Vafaie Z. Harmine, a Novel DNA Methyltransferase 1 Inhibitor in the Leukemia Cell Line. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2017; 33(4): 509-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12288-016-0770-z] [PMID: 29075061]
[58]
Wang Y, Wang C, Jiang C, Zeng H, He X. Novel mechanism of harmaline on inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by up-regulating Fas/FasL in SGC-7901 cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 18613.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep18613] [PMID: 26678950]
[59]
Yavari N, Emamian F, Yarani R, Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh H, Mansouri K, Mostafaie A. In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by heat and low pH stable hydroalcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds via inhibition of cell proliferation and suppression of VEGF secretion. Pharm Biol 2015; 53(6): 855-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2014.946057] [PMID: 25471082]
[60]
Ma X, Liu D, Tang H, et al. Purification and characterization of a novel antifungal protein with antiproliferation and anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activities from Peganum harmala seeds. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45(2): 87-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gms094] [PMID: 23165744]
[61]
Lamchouri F, Toufik H, Bouzzine SM, Hamidi M, Bouachrine M. Experimental and computational study of biological activities of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds. J Mater Environ Sci 2010; 1(Suppl. 1): 343-52.
[62]
Sobhani AM, Ebrahimi SA, Mahmoudian M. An in vitro evaluation of human DNA topoisomerase I inhibition by Peganum harmala L. seeds extract and its β-carboline alkaloids. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2002; 5(1): 19-23.
[PMID: 12042115]
[63]
Koch S, Mayer F, Honecker F, Schittenhelm M, Bokemeyer C. Efficacy of cytotoxic agents used in the treatment of testicular germ cell tumours under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in vitro. Br J Cancer 2003; 89(11): 2133-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601375] [PMID: 14647149]
[64]
Corrie PG. Cytotoxic chemotherapy: clinical aspects. Medicine (Baltimore) 2008; 36(1): 24-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2007.10.012]
[65]
Florento L, Matias R, Tuaño E, Santiago K, Dela Cruz F, Tuazon A. Comparison of cytotoxic activity of anticancer drugs against various human tumor cell lines using in vitro cell-based approach. Int J Biomed Sci 2012; 8(1): 76-80.
[PMID: 23675259]
[66]
Mashhadi FF, Salimi S, Forouzandeh F, Naghsh N. Comparison of anticancer activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa L., Peganum harmala L., and Boswellia serrata on HeLa cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2017; 12(2)
[67]
Bournine L, Bensalem S, Fatmi S, Bedjou F, Mathieu V, Iguer-Ouada M, et al. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and cytostatic activities of alkaloid extracts from different parts of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae). Eur J Integr Med 2017; 9: 91-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2016.10.002]
[68]
Chabir N, Ibrahim H, Romdhane H, et al. Seeds of Peganum Harmala L. chemical analysis, antimalarial and antioxidant activities, and cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells. Med Chem 2014; 11(1): 94-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406410666140613152434] [PMID: 23339401]
[69]
Mothana RAA, Kriegisch S, Harms M, Wende K, Lindequist U. Assessment of selected Yemeni medicinal plants for their in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Pharm Biol 2011; 49(2): 200-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2010.512295] [PMID: 20942618]
[70]
Ali NAA, Jülich WD, Kusnick C, Lindequist U. Screening of Yemeni medicinal plants for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 74(2): 173-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00364-0] [PMID: 11167035]
[71]
Alkofahi AS, Abdelaziz A, Mahmoud I, Abuirjie M, Hunaiti A, El-Oqla A. Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimicrobial activity of forty Jordanian medicinal plants. Int J Crude Drug Res 1990; 28(2): 139-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209009082798]
[72]
Wittekind C, Neid M. Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Oncology 2005; 69(1): 14-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000086626]
[73]
Nishida N, Yano H, Nishida T, Kamura T, Kojiro M. Angiogenesis in cancer. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2006; 2(3): 213-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.3.213] [PMID: 17326328]
[74]
Li M, Kroetz DL. Bevacizumab-induced hypertension: Clinical presentation and molecular understanding. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 182: 152-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.012] [PMID: 28882537]
[75]
Mercurio A, Adriani G, Catalano A, et al. A mini-review on thalidomide: chemistry, mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential and anti-angiogenic properties in multiple myeloma. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24(25): 2736-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170601074646] [PMID: 28571559]
[76]
Azad AK, Zhabyeyev P, Oudit G, Moore R, Murray A. Investigating the role of endothelial cell-specific p110β isoform of PI3K as a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy. The FASEB J 2019; 33(1): 9.
[77]
Hamsa T, Kuttan G. Studies on anti-metastatic and anti-invasive effects of harmine using highly metastatic murine B16F-10 melanoma cells. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2011; 30(2): 123-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.v30.i2.40] [PMID: 21967457]
[78]
Hamsa TP, Kuttan G. Harmine inhibits tumour specific neo-vessel formation by regulating VEGF, MMP, TIMP and pro-inflammatory mediators both in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 649(1-3): 64-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.010] [PMID: 20858484]
[79]
Ji J, Yuan J, Guo X, et al. Harmine suppresses hyper-activated Ras-MAPK pathway by selectively targeting oncogenic mutated Ras/Raf in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19(1): 159.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-019-0880-4] [PMID: 31198408]
[80]
Panahi Y, Saadat A, Seifi M, Rajaee M, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Effects of spinal-Z in patients with gastroesophageal cancer. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21(1): 26-34.
[PMID: 30151302]
[81]
Li Y, Liang F, Jiang W, et al. DH334, a β-carboline anti-cancer drug, inhibits the CDK activity of budding yeast. Cancer Biol Ther 2007; 6(8): 1193-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.6.8.4382] [PMID: 17622795]
[82]
Lamchouri F, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, et al. Antitumour principles from Peganum harmala seeds. Therapie 1999; 54(6): 753-8.
[PMID: 10709452]
[83]
Jabir NR, Islam MT, Tabrez S, Shakil S, Zaidi SK, Khan FR, et al. An insight towards anticancer potential of major coffee constituents. Biofactors 2018; 44(4): 315-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biof.1437]
[84]
Jabir NR, Firoz CK, Bhushan A, Tabrez S, Kamal MA. The use of azoles containing natural products in cancer prevention and treatment: an overview. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2018; 18(1): 6-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520616666160520112839]
[85]
Li Y, Liang F, Jiang W, et al. DH334, a beta-carboline anti-cancer drug, inhibits the CDK activity of budding yeast. Cancer Biol Ther 2007; 6(8): 1193-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.6.8.4382] [PMID: 17622795]
[86]
Sobhani AM, Ebrahimi SA, Mahmoudian M. An in vitro evaluation of human DNA topoisomerase I inhibition by Peganum harmala L. seeds extract and its beta-carboline alkaloids. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2002; 5(1): 19-23.
[87]
Herraiz T, González D, Ancín-Azpilicueta C, Arán VJ, Guillén H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO). Food Chem Toxicol Inter J Pub British Indus Biological Res Asso 2010; 48(3): 839-45.
[88]
McClements DJ. Advances in nanoparticle and microparticle delivery systems for increasing the dispersibility, stability, and bioactivity of phytochemicals. Biotechnol Adv 2020.38107287
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.004] [PMID: 30086329]
[89]
van der Meel R, Sulheim E, Shi Y, Kiessling F, Mulder WJM, Lammers T. Smart cancer nanomedicine. Nat Nanotechnol 2019; 14(11): 1007-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0567-y] [PMID: 31695150]
[90]
Barenholz Y. Doxil®-the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J Control Release 2012; 160(2): 117-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020] [PMID: 22484195]
[91]
Tabrez S, Jabir NR, Adhami VM, Khan MI, Moulay M, Kamal MA, et al. Nanoencapsulated dietary polyphenols for cancer prevention and treatment: successes and challenges. Nanomedicine 2020; 15(11)
[92]
Jabir NR, Anwar K, Firoz CK, Oves M, Kamal MA, Tabrez S. An overview on the current status of cancer nanomedicines. Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34(5): 911-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2017.1421528] [PMID: 29278015]
[93]
Salehi H, Karimi M, Rezaie N, Raofie F. Extraction of β-Carboline alkaloids and preparation of extract nanoparticles from Peganum harmala L. capsules using supercritical fluid technique. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020; 56101515
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101515]
[94]
Vamanu E, Gatea F. Correlations between Microbiota Bioactivity and Bioavailability of Functional Compounds: A Mini-Review. Biomedicines 2020; 8(2): 39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8020039] [PMID: 32093399]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
31
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy