Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Developing Novel Anticancer Drugs for Targeted Populations: An Update

Author(s): Tadesse B. Tafesse, Mohammed H. Bule, Fazlullah Khan*, Mohammad Abdollahi and Mohsen Amini

Volume 27, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 24 November, 2020

Page: [250 - 262] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201124111748

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Due to higher failure rates, lengthy time and high cost of the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, the rate of opportunity to get new, safe and efficacious drugs for the targeted population, including pediatric patients with cancer, becomes sluggish.

Objectives: This paper discusses the development of novel anticancer drugs focusing on the identification and selection of targeted anticancer drug development for the targeted population.

Methods: Information presented in this review was obtained from different databases, including PUBMED, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Various keywords were used as search terms.

Results: The pharmaceutical companies currently are executing drug repurposing as an alternative means to accelerate the drug development process that reduces the risk of failure, time and cost, which take 3-12 years with almost 25% overall probability of success as compared to de novo drug discovery and development process (10- 17 years) which has less than 10% probability of success. An alternative strategy to the traditional de novo drug discovery and development process, called drug repurposing, is also presented.

Conclusion: Therefore, to continue with the progress of developing novel anticancer drugs for the targeted population, identification and selection of target to specific disease type is important. Considering the aspects of the age of the patient and the disease stages such as each cancer types are different when we study the disease at a molecular level. Drug repurposing technique becomes an influential alternative strategy to discover and develop novel anticancer drug candidates.

Keywords: Anticancer drugs, drug discovery, drug development, drug repurposing, targeted population, cancer, plerixafor, thalidomide.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, et al. Cancer screening in the United States, 2019: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2019; 69(3): 184-210.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21557] [PMID: 30875085]
[2]
Kisa A, Collaboration C. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol 2017; 3(4): 524-48.
[3]
Talji N, Mottet N. Bladder Cancer in Older Adults. Geriatric Oncology 2020; pp. 1-18.
[4]
Ballout F, Habli Z, Monzer A, Rahal ON, Fatfat M, Gali-Muhtasib H. Anticancer Alkaloids: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical ManifestationsBioactive Natural Products for the Management of Cancer: from Bench to Bedside. Springer 2019; pp. 1-35.
[5]
Marin JJG, Cives-Losada C, Asensio M, Lozano E, Briz O, Macias RIR. Mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance in hepatoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11(3): 407.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11030407] [PMID: 30909445]
[6]
Karahalil B, Yardım-Akaydin S, Nacak Baytas S. An overview of microtubule targeting agents for cancer therapy. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2019; 70(3): 160-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3258] [PMID: 32597128]
[7]
Santosh R, Prabhu A, Selvam MK, Krishna PM, Nagaraja GK, Rekha PD. Design, synthesis, and pharmacology of some oxadiazole and hydroxypyrazoline hybrids bearing thiazoyl scaffold: antiproliferative activity, molecular docking and DNA binding studies. Heliyon 2019; 5(2)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01255] [PMID: 30886919]
[8]
Kurtin S, Ed. Interdisciplinary Management of Acute Leukemia Across the Continuum of Care Seminars in oncology nursing. Elsevier 2019.
[9]
Charpidou AG, Gkiozos I, Tsimpoukis S, et al. Therapy-induced toxicity of the lungs: an overview. Anticancer Res 2009; 29(2): 631-9.
[PMID: 19331213]
[10]
Lu K-H, Lin C-W, Hsieh Y-H, Su S-C, Reiter RJ, Yang S-F. New insights into antimetastatic signaling pathways of melatonin in skeletomuscular sarcoma of childhood and adolescence. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39(1): 303-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-020-09845-2] [PMID: 32086631]
[11]
Fauteux F, Hill JJ, Jaramillo ML, et al. Computational selection of antibody-drug conjugate targets for breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7(3): 2555-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.6679] [PMID: 26700623]
[12]
Akce M, El-Rayes BF. Novel Strategies on the Horizon for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Management. Oncol Hematol Rev 2019; 15(1): 27-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/OHR.2019.15.1.27]
[13]
Gelmon KA, Eisenhauer EA, Harris AL, Ratain MJ, Workman P. Anticancer agents targeting signaling molecules and cancer cell environment: challenges for drug development? J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91(15): 1281-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/91.15.1281] [PMID: 10433616]
[14]
Kong D, Yamori T. JFCR39, a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines, and its application in the discovery and development of anticancer drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20(6): 1947-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.017] [PMID: 22336246]
[15]
Kisselev AF. A novel bullet hits the proteasome. Cancer Cell 2013; 24(6): 691-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2013.11.016] [PMID: 24332037]
[16]
Narayanan S, Cai C-Y, Assaraf YG, et al. Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to overcome anti-cancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 48100663
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drup.2019.100663] [PMID: 31785545]
[17]
Lesokhin AM, Callahan MK, Postow MA, Wolchok JD. On being less tolerant: enhanced cancer immunosurveillance enabled by targeting checkpoints and agonists of T cell activation. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7(280)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3010274] [PMID: 25810313]
[18]
Dai Y-F, Zhao X-M. A survey on the computational approaches to identify drug targets in the postgenomic era BioMed research international 2015; 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/239654
[19]
Kumar S, Ahmad MK, Waseem M, Pandey A. Drug targets for cancer treatment: an overview. Med Chem 2015; 5(11523): 2161.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0444.1000252]
[20]
Pommier Y. Topoisomerase I inhibitors: camptothecins and beyond. Nat Rev Cancer 2006; 6(10): 789-802.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1977] [PMID: 16990856]
[21]
Takimoto CH, Calvo E. Principles of oncologic pharmacotherapy 2007 Available at: https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/principles-oncologic-pharmacotherapy
[22]
Group BDW, Atkinson AJ Jr, Colburn WA, et al. Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69(3): 89-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mcp.2001.113989] [PMID: 11240971]
[23]
Wilson GM, Muftuoglu Y. Computational strategies in cancer drug discovery Advances in cancer management 2012: 237-54.
[24]
Gashaw I, Ellinghaus P, Sommer A, Asadullah K. What makes a good drug target? Drug Discov Today 2011; 16(23-24): 1037-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2011.09.007] [PMID: 21945861]
[25]
Katsila T, Spyroulias GA, Patrinos GP, Matsoukas M-T. Computational approaches in target identification and drug discovery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2016; 14: 177-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2016.04.004] [PMID: 27293534]
[26]
Mohan R. Advances in Cancer Management: BoD-Books on Demand 2012.
[27]
Prada-Gracia D, Huerta-Yépez S, Moreno-Vargas LM. Application of computational methods for anticancer drug discovery, design, and optimization. Bol Méd Hosp Infant México 2016; 73(6): 411-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmhimx.2016.10.006] [PMID: 29421286]
[28]
Duffy BC, Zhu L, Decornez H, Kitchen DB. Early phase drug discovery: cheminformatics and computational techniques in identifying lead series. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20(18): 5324-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.062] [PMID: 22938785]
[29]
Durrant JD, McCammon JA. Molecular dynamics simulations and drug discovery. BMC Biol 2011; 9(1): 71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-9-71] [PMID: 22035460]
[30]
Sanders MP, Barbosa AJ, Zarzycka B, et al. Comparative analysis of pharmacophore screening tools. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52(6): 1607-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci2005274] [PMID: 22646988]
[31]
Bienstock RJ. Computational drug design targeting protein-protein interactions. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18(9): 1240-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212799436449] [PMID: 22316151]
[32]
Nagaraj NS, Datta PK. Targeting the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in human cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19(1): 77-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543780903382609] [PMID: 20001556]
[33]
Ahmad I. Shagufta. Recent developments in steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors for the chemoprevention of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102: 375-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.010] [PMID: 26301554]
[34]
Yadav MR, Barmade MA, Tamboli RS, Murumkar PR. Developing steroidal aromatase inhibitors-an effective armament to win the battle against breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105: 1-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.038] [PMID: 26469743]
[35]
Bharathy S, Xie W, Yingling JM, Reiss M. Cancer-associated transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene mutant causes activation of bone morphogenic protein-Smads and invasive phenotype. Cancer Res 2008; 68(6): 1656-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5089] [PMID: 18339844]
[36]
Sheen YY, Kim M-J, Park S-A, Park S-Y, Nam J-S. Targeting the transforming growth factor-β signaling in cancer therapy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21(5): 323-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2013.072] [PMID: 24244818]
[37]
Nacif M, Shaker O. Targeting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in cancer and non-neoplastic diseases J Cancer Therapy 2014; 2014.
[38]
Lee JM, Han JJ, Altwerger G, Kohn EC. Proteomics and biomarkers in clinical trials for drug development. J Proteomics 2011; 74(12): 2632-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2011.04.023] [PMID: 21570499]
[39]
Cho WC. Proteomic approaches to cancer target identification. Drug Discov Today Ther Strateg 2007; 4(4): 245-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ddstr.2008.02.007]
[40]
Govekar RB. Identification of therapeutic targets for cancer: Proteomic technologies and strategies are the key to success. Biomed Res J 2015; 2(2): 166.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2349-3666.240653]
[41]
Guo S, Zou J, Wang G. Advances in the proteomic discovery of novel therapeutic targets in cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2013; 7: 1259-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S52216] [PMID: 24187485]
[42]
Grønborg M, Kristiansen TZ, Iwahori A, et al. Biomarker discovery from pancreatic cancer secretome using a differential proteomic approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 5(1): 157-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M500178-MCP200] [PMID: 16215274]
[43]
Lochab S, Pal P, Kanaujiya JK, et al. Proteomic identification of E6AP as a molecular target of tamoxifen in MCF7 cells. Proteomics 2012; 12(9): 1363-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201100572] [PMID: 22589186]
[44]
Chen R, Pan S, Aebersold R, Brentnall TA. Proteomics studies of pancreatic cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1(12): 1582-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prca.200700414] [PMID: 18633454]
[45]
Chen Y, Low TY, Choong LY, et al. Phosphoproteomics identified Endofin, DCBLD2, and KIAA0582 as novel tyrosine phosphorylation targets of EGF signaling and Iressa in human cancer cells. Proteomics 2007; 7(14): 2384-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200600968] [PMID: 17570516]
[46]
Gediya LK, Njar VC. Promise and challenges in drug discovery and development of hybrid anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 4(11): 1099-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17460440903341705] [PMID: 23480431]
[47]
Isea R, Hoebeke J, Mayo R, Alvarez F, Holmes DS. Application of CellDesigner to the Selection of Anticancer Drug Targets: Test Case using P53. 2013: 75-82.
[48]
Blagosklonny MV. A new science-business paradigm in anticancer drug development. Trends Biotechnol 2003; 21(3): 103-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00004-0] [PMID: 12628364]
[49]
Hoelder S, Clarke PA, Workman P. Discovery of small molecule cancer drugs: successes, challenges and opportunities. Mol Oncol 2012; 6(2): 155-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2012.02.004] [PMID: 22440008]
[50]
Balis FM, Fox E, Widemann BC, Adamson PC. Clinical drug development for childhood cancers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 85(2): 127-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2008.237] [PMID: 19151636]
[51]
DiMasi JA, Feldman L, Seckler A, Wilson A. Trends in risks associated with new drug development: success rates for investigational drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 87(3): 272-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2009.295] [PMID: 20130567]
[52]
Zhang J, Jiang X, Jiang Y, et al. Recent advances in the development of dual VEGFR and c-Met small molecule inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 108: 495-504.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.016] [PMID: 26717201]
[53]
Hambley TW, Hait WN. Is anticancer drug development heading in the right direction? Cancer Res 2009; 69(4): 1259-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3786] [PMID: 19208831]
[54]
Garnett MJ, Edelman EJ, Heidorn SJ, et al. Systematic identification of genomic markers of drug sensitivity in cancer cells. Nature 2012; 483(7391): 570-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11005] [PMID: 22460902]
[55]
Schrama D, Reisfeld RA, Becker JC. Antibody targeted drugs as cancer therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5(2): 147-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1957] [PMID: 16424916]
[56]
Perez HL, Cardarelli PM, Deshpande S, et al. Antibody-drug conjugates: current status and future directions. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19(7): 869-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2013.11.004] [PMID: 24239727]
[57]
Pietersz GA, Krauer K. Antibody-targeted drugs for the therapy of cancer. J Drug Target 1994; 2(3): 183-215.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10611869408996804] [PMID: 7812691]
[58]
Mullard A. Maturing antibody-drug conjugate pipeline hits 30 Nat. Rev Drug 2013; 12(5): 329-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd4009]
[59]
Robin X, Creixell P, Radetskaya O, Santini CC, Longden J, Linding R. Personalized network-based treatments in oncology. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 94(6): 646-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2013.171] [PMID: 23995267]
[60]
Piccart M. Personalised cancer management: closer, but not here yet. Annals Oncol 2013; 24(8): 1951-5.
[61]
Kelloff GJ, Sigman CC. Cancer biomarkers: selecting the right drug for the right patient. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11(3): 201-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd3651] [PMID: 22322254]
[62]
Marshall A. Getting the right drug into the right patient. Nat Biotechnol 1997; 15(12): 1249-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1197-1249] [PMID: 9359105]
[63]
Folkers K, Chapman C, Redman B. Federal Right to Try: where is it going? Hastings Cent Rep 2019; 49(2): 26-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.990] [PMID: 30998281]
[64]
Yap TA, Workman P. Exploiting the cancer genome: strategies for the discovery and clinical development of targeted molecular therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 52: 549-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134532] [PMID: 22235862]
[65]
Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. BRIM-3 Study Group. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med 2011; 364(26): 2507-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1103782] [PMID: 21639808]
[66]
Perez EA, Romond EH, Suman VJ, et al. Four-year follow-up of trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: joint analysis of data from NCCTG N9831 and NSABP B-31. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29(25): 3366-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.35.0868] [PMID: 21768458]
[67]
Lièvre A, Bachet JB, Le Corre D, et al. KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 3992-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0191] [PMID: 16618717]
[68]
Owens JG, Rauzi MR, Kittelson A, et al. How New Technology Is Improving Physical Therapy. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2020; 13(2): 200-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12178-020-09610-6] [PMID: 32162144]
[69]
Subbiah V. Fast-tracking novel drugs in pediatric oncology. Cell Cycle 2015; 14(8): 1127-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2015.1018049] [PMID: 25695345]
[70]
Pritchard-Jones K, Sullivan R. Children with cancer: driving the global agenda. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14(3): 189-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70043-3] [PMID: 23434336]
[71]
Chow EJ, Chen Y, Kremer LC, et al. Individual prediction of heart failure among childhood cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33(5): 394-402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.56.1373] [PMID: 25287823]
[72]
Hashemi V, Farhadi S, Ghasemi Chaleshtari M, et al. Nanomedicine for improvement of dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83106446
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106446] [PMID: 32244048]
[73]
Zhang J, Walsh MF, Wu G, et al. Germline Mutations in Predisposition Genes in Pediatric Cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 373(24): 2336-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1508054] [PMID: 26580448]
[74]
van Hasselt JG, van Eijkelenburg NK, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH, Huitema AD. Optimizing drug development of anti-cancer drugs in children using modelling and simulation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 76(1): 30-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12062] [PMID: 23216601]
[75]
Kurmasheva R, Morton C, Houghton PJ. Developing new agents for the treatment of childhood cancer. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 6(12): 1215-27.
[76]
Adamson PC, Houghton PJ, Perilongo G, Pritchard-Jones K. Drug discovery in paediatric oncology: roadblocks to progress. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2014; 11(12): 732-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.149] [PMID: 25223555]
[77]
Morice P, Uzan C, Uzan S. Cancer in pregnancy: a challenging conflict of interest. Lancet 2012; 379(9815): 495-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61814-X] [PMID: 22325648]
[78]
Gerstl B, Sullivan E, Koch J, Wand H, Ives A, Mitchell R, et al. Reproductive outcomes following a stem cell transplant for a haematological malignancy in female cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis Supportive care in cancer: official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive. Care in Cancer 2019; 27(12): 4451-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05020-8]
[79]
Shah JS, Jooya ND, Woodard TL, Ramirez PT, Fleming ND, Frumovitz M. Reproductive counseling and pregnancy outcomes after radical trachelectomy for early stage cervical cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2019; 30(3)e45
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e45] [PMID: 30887762]
[80]
Brenner B, Avivi I, Lishner M. Haematological cancers in pregnancy. Lancet 2012; 379(9815): 580-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61348-2] [PMID: 22325663]
[81]
Berveiller P, Carbonne B, Mir O. Cancer and pregnancy: an overview for obstetricians and gynecologists. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211(1): 82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.02.007] [PMID: 24530817]
[82]
van Dijk M, van Leeuwen FE, Overbeek A, et al. Pregnancy, time to pregnancy and obstetric outcomes among female childhood cancer survivors: results of the DCOG LATER-VEVO study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146(6): 1451-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00432-020-03193-y] [PMID: 32221745]
[83]
Bourgioti C, Konidari M, Moulopoulos LA. Imaging of Gynecologic Malignancy in a Reproductive Age Female: Cancer During Pregnancy. Radiol Clin North Am 2020; 58(2): 413-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2019.10.008] [PMID: 32044015]
[84]
Cardonick E. Treatment of maternal cancer and fetal development. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13(3): 218-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70408-9] [PMID: 22326923]
[85]
Hoellen F, Reibke R, Hornemann K, et al. Cancer in pregnancy. Part I: basic diagnostic and therapeutic principles and treatment of gynecological malignancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285(1): 195-205.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-2058-8] [PMID: 21858441]
[86]
Basta P, Bak A, Roszkowski K. Cancer treatment in pregnant women. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19(5): 354-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/wo.2014.46236] [PMID: 26793018]
[87]
Ji YI, Kim KT. Gynecologic malignancy in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2013; 56(5): 289-300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5468/ogs.2013.56.5.289] [PMID: 24328018]
[88]
Bigelow CA, Horowitz NS, Goodman A, Growdon WB, Del Carmen M, Kaimal AJ. Management and outcome of cervical cancer diagnosed in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 216: 1-276.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.10.034]
[89]
Vassal G, Zwaan CM, Ashley D, et al. New drugs for children and adolescents with cancer: the need for novel development pathways. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14(3): e117-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70013-5] [PMID: 23434337]
[90]
Kim JW, Joseph Paul Eder M. Prospects for targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 in various tumor types. Oncology 2014; 28(11)(Suppl. 3).
[91]
Shu CA, Rizvi NA. Into the clinic with nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Oncologist 2016; 21(5): 527-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0099] [PMID: 27026678]
[92]
Day D, Siu LL. Approaches to modernize the combination drug development paradigm. Genome Med 2016; 8(1): 115.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13073-016-0369-x] [PMID: 27793177]
[93]
Khanapure A, Chuki P, De Sousa S. Drug repositioning: old drugs for new indications. Indian J Appl Res 2014; 4: 462-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555X/August2014/119]
[94]
Padhy BM, Gupta YK. Drug repositioning: re-investigating existing drugs for new therapeutic indications. J Postgrad Med 2011; 57(2): 153-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0022-3859.81870] [PMID: 21654146]
[95]
Dueñas-González A, García-López P, Herrera LA, Medina-Franco JL, González-Fierro A, Candelaria M. The prince and the pauper. A tale of anticancer targeted agents. Mol Cancer 2008; 7(1): 82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-7-82] [PMID: 18947424]
[96]
Mitragotri S, Burke PA, Langer R. Overcoming the challenges in administering biopharmaceuticals: formulation and delivery strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13(9): 655-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd4363] [PMID: 25103255]
[97]
Cheng KC, Li Y, Cheng J-T. “Old Drug, New Action” in clinical research. J Pharm Clin Res 2017; 4(2): 2473-5574.
[98]
Ashburn TT, Thor KB. Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004; 3(8): 673-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1468] [PMID: 15286734]
[99]
Shayan YR, Prendiville JS, Goldman RD. Use of propranolol in treating hemangiomas. Can Fam Physician 2011; 57(3): 302-3.
[PMID: 21402965]
[100]
Novac N. Challenges and opportunities of drug repositioning. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34(5): 267-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2013.03.004] [PMID: 23582281]
[101]
Oprea TI, Bauman JE, Bologa CG, et al. Drug repurposing from an academic perspective. Drug Discov Today Ther Strateg 2011; 8(3-4): 61-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ddstr.2011.10.002] [PMID: 22368688]
[102]
Sánchez-Ortega I, Querol S, Encuentra M, et al. Plerixafor in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma: effectiveness in cases with very low circulating CD34+ cell levels and preemptive intervention vs remobilization. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 50(1): 34-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2014.196] [PMID: 25222503]
[103]
Stiff P, Micallef I, McCarthy P, et al. Treatment with plerixafor in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients to increase the number of peripheral blood stem cells when given a mobilizing regimen of G-CSF: implications for the heavily pretreated patient. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15(2): 249-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.11.028] [PMID: 19167685]
[104]
Singhal S, Mehta J, Desikan R, et al. Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(21): 1565-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199911183412102] [PMID: 10564685]
[105]
Kling J. Fresh from the biotech pipeline 2019. Nat Biol 2020; 38: 126-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2111]
[106]
Li YY, Jones SJ. Drug repositioning for personalized medicine. Genome Med 2012; 4(3): 27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gm326] [PMID: 22494857]
[107]
Bevers TB. Raloxifene and the prevention of breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006; 7(16): 2301-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.7.16.2301] [PMID: 17059385]
[108]
Raedler LA. Revlimid (Lenalidomide) now FDA approved as first-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma. American health Drug Benefits 2016; 9: 140.
[109]
Dagher R, Cohen M, Williams G, et al. Approval summary: imatinib mesylate in the treatment of metastatic and/or unresectable malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8(10): 3034-8.
[PMID: 12374669]
[110]
Blumenthal GM, Cortazar P, Zhang JJ, et al. FDA approval summary: sunitinib for the treatment of progressive well-differentiated locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Oncologist 2012; 17(8): 1108-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0044] [PMID: 22836448]
[111]
Rose JS, Bekaii-Saab TS. New developments in the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer: focus on trastuzumab. OncoTargets Ther 2011; 4: 21-6.
[PMID: 21552412]
[112]
Kim J, Tang JY, Gong R, et al. Itraconazole, a commonly used antifungal that inhibits Hedgehog pathway activity and cancer growth. Cancer Cell 2010; 17(4): 388-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2010.02.027] [PMID: 20385363]
[113]
Lin J, Haffner MC, Zhang Y, et al. Disulfiram is a DNA demethylating agent and inhibits prostate cancer cell growth. Prostate 2011; 71(4): 333-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pros.21247] [PMID: 20809552]
[114]
Nechushtan H, Hamamreh Y, Nidal S, et al. A phase IIb trial assessing the addition of disulfiram to chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Oncologist 2015; 20(4): 366-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0424] [PMID: 25777347]
[115]
Ansell SM, Hodge L, Secreto F, Manske M, Braggio E, Price-Troska T, et al. Activation of TAK1 by MYD88 L265P drives malignant B-cell Growth in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood cancer journal 2014; 4(2): 183.
[116]
Shim JS, Rao R, Beebe K, et al. Selective inhibition of HER2-positive breast cancer cells by the HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104(20): 1576-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs396] [PMID: 23042933]
[117]
Kuo M-C, Chang S-J, Hsieh M-C. Colchicine significantly reduces incident cancer in gout male patients: a 12-year cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94(50)e1570
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000001570] [PMID: 26683907]
[118]
Ali R, Toh H-C, Chia W-K, Investigators AT. ASCOLT Trial Investigators. The utility of Aspirin in Dukes C and High Risk Dukes B Colorectal cancer-the ASCOLT study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011; 12(1): 261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-12-261] [PMID: 22168568]
[119]
Eikawa S, Nishida M, Mizukami S, Yamazaki C, Nakayama E, Udono H. Immune-mediated antitumor effect by type 2 diabetes drug, metformin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2015; 112(6): 1809-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1417636112] [PMID: 25624476]
[120]
Pantziarka P, Sukhatme V, Bouche G, Meheus L, Sukhatme VP. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-diclofenac as an anti-cancer agent. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10: 610.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2016.610] [PMID: 26823679]
[121]
Pantziarka P, Bouche G, Meheus L, Sukhatme V, Sukhatme VP. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-mebendazole as an anti-cancer agent. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8.
[122]
Pantziarka P, Bouche G, Sukhatme V, Meheus L, Rooman I, Sukhatme VP. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-Propranolol as an anti-cancer agent. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
13
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy