Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

General Review Article

Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Gamma-oryzanol: An Updated Review of the Molecular Mechanisms

Author(s): Elham Ramazani, Maryam Akaberi, Seyed Ahmad Emami and Zahra Tayarani-Najaran*

Volume 27, Issue 19, 2021

Published on: 02 November, 2020

Page: [2299 - 2316] Pages: 18

DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201102101428

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Background: Gamma-oryzanol (γ-oryzanol) is one of the rice bran oil (RBO) compounds, known as a principal food source throughout the world. In recent numerous experimental studies, γ-oryzanol has been revealed to have several useful pharmacological properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, ameliorating unpleasant menopausal symptoms, cholesterol-lowering, improving plasma lipid pattern, etc.

Methods: In this study, we reviewed the scientific literature published up until 2020, which has evaluated the biological and pharmacological activity of gamma-oryzanol. This review summarizes the published data found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus.

Results and Conclusion: The present review attempts to summarize the most related articles about the pharmacological and therapeutic potential from recent studies on γ-oryzanol to gain insights into design further studies to achieve new evidence that confirm the observed effects.

Keywords: γ-oryzanol, rice bran oil, anti-oxidant, cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetic, pharmacological.

[1]
Van Nguyen N, Ferrero A. Meeting the challenges of global rice production. Paddy Water Environ 2006; 4: 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10333-005-0031-5]
[2]
Zolali E, Asgharian P, Hamishehkar H, Kouhsoltani M, Khodaii H, Hamishehkar H. Effects of gamma oryzanol on factors of oxidative stress and sepsis-induced lung injury in experimental animal model. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2015; 18(12): 1257-63.
[PMID: 26877858]
[3]
Patel M, Naik SN. Gamma-oryzanol from rice bran oil–A review. J Sci Ind Res (India) 2004; 63: 569-78.
[4]
Lerma-García MJ, Herrero-Martínez JM, Simó-Alfonso EF, Mendonça CR, Ramis-Ramos G. Composition, industrial processing and applications of rice bran γ-oryzanol. Food Chem 2009; 115: 389-404.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.063]
[5]
Liang Y, Gao Y, Lin Q, et al. A review of the research progress on the bioactive ingredients and physiological activities of rice bran oil. Eur Food Res Technol 2014; 238: 169-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-013-2149-9]
[6]
Bemvenuti RH, Nora NS, Furlong EB. Extraction of γ-Oryzanol from rice bran. Ciênc agrotec Lavras 2013; 36: 665-73.
[7]
Xu Z, Godber JS. Comparison of supercritical fluid and solvent extraction methods in extracting γ‐oryzanol from rice bran. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2000; 77: 547-51.
[8]
Xu Z, Godber JS. Purification and identification of components of γ-oryzanol in rice bran Oil. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47(7): 2724-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf981175j] [PMID: 10552553]
[9]
Srisaipet A, Nuddagul M. Influence of temperature on gamma-oryzanol stability of edible rice bran oil during heating. Int J Chem Eng Appl 2014; 5: 303-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJCEA.2014.V5.398]
[10]
Garcia KM. Quality characterization of cholesterol-free mayonnaise-type spreads containing rice bran oil 2006.
[11]
Sahu S, Ghosh M, Bhattacharyya DK. Isolation of the unsaponifiable matter (squalene, phytosterols, tocopherols, γ-oryzanol and fatty alcohols) from a fatty acid distillate of rice bran oil. Grasas Aceites 2018; 69: e262-70.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1112172]
[12]
Kozuka C, Yabiku K, Takayama C, Matsushita M, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. Natural food science based novel approach toward prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes: recent studies on brown rice and γ-oryzanol. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 7(3): e165-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2013.02.003] [PMID: 23697584]
[13]
Szcześniak KA, Ostaszewski P, Ciecierska A, Sadkowski T. Investigation of nutriactive phytochemical - gamma-oryzanol in experimental animal models. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100(4): 601-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12428] [PMID: 26718022]
[14]
Ibn Jazlah Y. Ibn Jazlah Y Minhāj al-Bayān fīmā Yasta`miluhū al-Insān (in Arabic). In: League of Arab States: Bulaq, Cairo 2010.
[15]
Tonekāboni MM. Toḥfat al-Momenin (Rarity of the Faithful, in Persian). In: Shahr Publication: Tehran 1959.
[16]
Herawi M. Al-Abniyah an Ḥaqāyeq al-Adwiyah (Basics of Realities on Drugs). 19676-7.
[17]
Rāzi MZ. Al-Ḥāwi fi’l-Ṭibb (Comprehensive Book of Medicine). In: Hyderabad: Osmania Oriental Publications Bureau, Osmania University 1968; 20: pp. 110-1.
[18]
Jorjāni SI. Dhakhireh Khārazmshāhi, (Treasure of Khārazmshāh, in Persian) Photoprint of the manuscript dated 1206 AD. In: The lranian Culture Foundation: Tehran 1977.
[19]
Ghasāni AM. Ḥadiqat al-Azhār fi Māhiyyat al-Ushb wa al-Uqqār (Flower Garden in the Nature of Herbs and Drugs, in Arabic). In: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmi: Beirut, Lebanon 1985.
[20]
Ibn Sinā A. Al-Qānun fi'l-Ṭibb (Canon of Medicine, in Arabic). 1987; 2 p. I.H.M.M.R. Printing Press: New Delhi.
[21]
Aqili Khorāsāni MH. Makhzan al-Adwiah. Enqelab-e Eslami Publishing and Educational Organization: Tehran 1844; pp. 113-4.
[22]
Anṭāki D. Tadhkereh Oulūl-albāb (Memorandum Book, in Arabic). Shams a'ddin A. Dār-al-Kūtūb al-Elmiyah: Beirut 2000.
[23]
Qorashi AA. Al-Shāmel (The comprehensive, in arabic). Al Majmaʿ al-Thaqāfi.Abu-Dhabiḥ. 2000; 1: pp. 235-46.
[24]
Ibn Beyṭār Z. Al-Jamee le-Mofradāt al-Adwiah wal-Aghdhiyah (Comprehensive book in simple drugs and foods in arabic). Dār al-Kūtūb al-Elmiyah: Beirut 2001; 1: pp. 25-6.
[25]
Jorjāni SI. Al-Aghrāḍ al-Ṭibbia wal Mabāheth al-Alāiia (Medical Purposes and al-Alȃee Investigations, in Persian). Tehran University Publication: Tehran 2006; 1.
[26]
Herawi MY. Baḥr al-Jawāher (Sea of gems, in arabic). Institute of Revival of Natural Medicine: Qom 2008.
[27]
Chung IM, Park HY, Chun SC, Kim JJ, Ahmad A. New glycosidic and other constituents from hulls of Oryza sativa. Chem Nat Compd 2007; 43: 417-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-007-0152-8]
[28]
Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kalita P. Rice - not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020; 97: 265-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.022]
[29]
Kinashi H, Suzuki Y, Takeuchi S, Kawarada A. Possible metabolic intermediates from IAA to β-acid in rice bran. Agric Biol Chem 1976; 40: 2465-70.
[30]
Suzuki Y, Kinashi H, Takeuchi S, Kawarada A. (+)-5-Hydroxy-dioxindole-3-acetic acid, a synergist from rice bran of auxin-induced ethylene production in plant tissue. Phytochemistry 1977; 16: 635-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89220-1]
[31]
Zhang WH, Zhong HM, Che CT. Cycloartanes from the red alga Galaxaura sp. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2005; 7(1): 59-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020310001617138] [PMID: 15621603]
[32]
Luo HF, Li Q, Yu S, Badger TM, Fang N. Cytotoxic hydroxylated triterpene alcohol ferulates from rice bran. J Nat Prod 2005; 68(1): 94-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np049889d] [PMID: 15679326]
[33]
Böhme F, Schmidt J, Van Sung T, Adam G. 24-Methylpollinastanone, related triterpenoids and sterols from Costus tonkinensis. Phytochemistry 1997; 45: 1041-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00101-5]
[34]
Lu W, Niu Y, Yang H, Sheng Y, Shi H, Yu L. Simultaneous HPLC quantification of five major triterpene alcohol and sterol ferulates in rice bran oil using a single reference standard. Food Chem 2014; 148: 325-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.027]
[35]
Sabir A, Rafi M, Darusman LK. Discrimination of red and white rice bran from Indonesia using HPLC fingerprint analysis combined with chemometrics. Food Chem 2017; 221: 1717-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.114] [PMID: 27979152]
[36]
Chung IM, Ali M, Ahmad A. Dicyclohexanyl orizane constituent from the hulls of Oryza sativa and its inhibitory activity. Asian J Chem 2005; 17: 2616-20.
[37]
Qureshi AA, Mo H, Packer L, Peterson DM. Isolation and identification of novel tocotrienols from rice bran with hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48(8): 3130-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000099t] [PMID: 10956081]
[38]
Luang-In V, Yotchaisarn M, Somboonwatthanakul I, Deeseenthum S. Bioactivities of organic riceberry broken rice and crude riceberry rice oil. Thaiphesatchasan 2018; 42: 161-8.
[39]
Chung IM, Ali M, Ahmad A, Lim JD, Yu CY, Kim JS. Chemical constituents of rice (Oryza sativa) hulls and their herbicidal activity against duckweed (Lemna paucicostata Hegelm 381). Phytochem Anal 2006; 17(1): 36-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.879] [PMID: 16454475]
[40]
Ahmad A, Yoon JY, Chung IM. Chemical constituents from the rice straw of Oryza sativa. Asian J Chem 2013; 25: 9872-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15553]
[41]
Tadera K, Orite K. Isolation and structure of a new vitamin B6 conjugate in rice bran. J Food Sci 1991; 56: 268-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb08030.x]
[42]
Fujino Y, Ohnishi M. Constituents of ceramide and ceramide monohexoside in rice bran. Chem Phys Lipids 1976; 17: 275-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(76)90073-6]
[43]
Chung IM, Ali M, Ahmad A, et al. Steroidal constituents of rice (Oryza sativa) hulls with algicidal and herbicidal activity against blue-green algae and duckweed. Phytochem Anal 2007; 18(2): 133-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.961] [PMID: 17439014]
[44]
Han SJ, Ryu SN, Kang SS. A new 2-arylbenzofuran with antioxidant activity from the black colored rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52(11): 1365-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.52.1365] [PMID: 15516765]
[45]
Chung IM, Sanjrani M, Ahmad A. A and B from rice hulls of Oryza sativa. Indian J Chem Sect B 2007; 46: 516-22.
[46]
Ohta G, Shimizu M. Studies on the constituents of rice bran oil. II. Structure of oryzanol-A. Pharm Bull 1957; 5(1): 40-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb1953.5.40] [PMID: 13452758]
[47]
Ohta G. Studies on the constituents of rice-bran oil. III. Structure of oryzanol-C. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1960; 8: 5-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.8.5]
[48]
Chung IM, Sanjrani M, Chun S, Lee OK, Ahmad A. Sativalanosteronyl glycoside and oryzatriacontolide constituents from the hulls of Oryza sativa. Asian J Chem 2007; 19: 1535-43.
[49]
Friedman M. Rice brans, rice bran oils, and rice hulls: composition, food and industrial uses, and bioactivities in humans, animals, and cells. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61(45): 10626-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf403635v] [PMID: 24175575]
[50]
Fujiwara S, Sakurai S, Sugimoto I, Awata N. Absorption and metabolism of γ-oryzanol in rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1983; 31(2): 645-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.31.645] [PMID: 6883592]
[51]
Tsushimoto G, Shibahara T, Awogi T, et al. DNA-damaging, mutagenic, clastogenic and cell-cell communication inhibitory properties of γ-oryzanol. J Toxicol Sci 1991; 16(4): 191-202.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.16.191] [PMID: 1798065]
[52]
Kozuka C, Shimizu-Okabe C, Takayama C, et al. Marked augmentation of PLGA nanoparticle-induced metabolically beneficial impact of γ-oryzanol on fuel dyshomeostasis in genetically obese-diabetic ob/ob mice. Drug Deliv 2017; 24(1): 558-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2017.1279237] [PMID: 28181829]
[53]
Hailat WMH. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics studies of gamma oryzanol. Thesis 2004.
[54]
Jin Son M. W Rico C, Hyun Nam S, Young Kang M. Influence of oryzanol and ferulic Acid on the lipid metabolism and antioxidative status in high fat-fed mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 46(2): 150-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.09-98] [PMID: 20216948]
[55]
Accinni R, Rosina M, Bamonti F, et al. Effects of combined dietary supplementation on oxidative and inflammatory status in dyslipidemic subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 16(2): 121-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.006] [PMID: 16487912]
[56]
Kikuzaki H, Hisamoto M, Hirose K, Akiyama K, Taniguchi H. The effect of trans-ferulic acid and gammaoryzanol on ethanol-induced liver injury in C57BL mouse. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50: 2161-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011348w] [PMID: 11902973]
[57]
Juliano C, Cossu M, Alamanni MC, Piu L. Antioxidant activity of gamma-oryzanol: mechanism of action and its effect on oxidative stability of pharmaceutical oils. Int J Pharm 2005; 299(1-2): 146-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.018] [PMID: 16005170]
[58]
Ismail M, Al-Naqeeb G, Mamat WA, Ahmad Z. Gamma-oryzanol rich fraction regulates the expression of antioxidant and oxidative stress related genes in stressed rat’s liver. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7: 23-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-7-23] [PMID: 20331906]
[59]
Huang L, Jiang W, Zhu L, et al. γ-Oryzanol suppresses cell apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway in H2O2-stimulated L02 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121: 109554-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109554] [PMID: 31678753]
[60]
Panchal SS, Patidar RK, Jha AB, Allam AA, Ajarem J, Butani SB. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects of oryzanol in glaucomatous rabbits. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017: 1468716.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1468716] [PMID: 28168044]
[61]
Islam MS, Murata T, Fujisawa M, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of phytosteryl ferulates in colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154(4): 812-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjp.2008.137] [PMID: 18536734]
[62]
Rao YPC, Sugasini D, Lokesh BR. Dietary gamma oryzanol plays a significant role in the anti-inflammatory activity of rice bran oil by decreasing pro-inflammatory mediators secreted by peritoneal macrophages of rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479(4): 747-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.140] [PMID: 27693794]
[63]
Islam MS, Yoshida H, Matsuki N, et al. Antioxidant, free radical-scavenging, and NF-kappaB-inhibitory activities of phytosteryl ferulates: structure-activity studies. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111(4): 328-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.09146FP] [PMID: 19942803]
[64]
Tripathi P, Tripathi P, Kashyap L, Singh V. The role of nitric oxide in inflammatory reactions. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 51(3): 443-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00329.x] [PMID: 17903207]
[65]
Bachert C, van Kempen MJ, Höpken K, Holtappels G, Wagenmann M. Elevated levels of myeloperoxidase, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in naturally acquired upper respiratory tract infections. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2001; 258(8): 406-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050100363] [PMID: 11724263]
[66]
Minatel IO, Francisqueti FV, Corrêa CR, Lima GP. Antioxidant activity of γ-oryzanol: A complex network of interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(8): 1107-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081107] [PMID: 27517904]
[67]
Rungratanawanich W, Cenini G, Mastinu A, et al. γ-Oryzanol improves cognitive function and modulates hippocampal proteome in mice. Nutrients 2019; 11(4): 753-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040753] [PMID: 30935111]
[68]
Mastinu A, Bonini SA, Rungratanawanich W, et al. Gamma-oryzanol prevents LPS-induced brain inflammation and cognitive impairment in adult mice. Nutrients 2019; 11(4): 728-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040728] [PMID: 30934852]
[69]
Kozuka C, Sunagawa S, Ueda R, et al. γ-Oryzanol protects pancreatic β-cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress in male mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156(4): 1242-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1748] [PMID: 25594697]
[70]
Ieiri T, Kase N, Hashigami Y, Kobori H, Nakamura T, Shimoda S. Effects of gamma-oryzanol on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in the rat. Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 1982; 58(10): 1350-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrine1927.58.10_1350] [PMID: 7185574]
[71]
Ismail N, Ismail M, Imam MU, et al. Mechanistic basis for protection of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by oryzanol-rich fraction against hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14: 467-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-467] [PMID: 25475556]
[72]
Kozuka C, Yabiku K, Sunagawa S, et al. Brown rice and its component, γ-oryzanol, attenuate the preference for high-fat diet by decreasing hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Diabetes 2012; 61(12): 3084-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db11-1767] [PMID: 22826028]
[73]
Hagl S, Berressem D, Grewal R, Sus N, Frank J, Eckert GP. Rice bran extract improves mitochondrial dysfunction in brains of aged NMRI mice. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 19(1): 1-10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000040] [PMID: 26241203]
[74]
Zhang C, Liang W, Wang H, et al. γ-Oryzanol mitigates oxidative stress and prevents mutant SOD1-Related neurotoxicity in Drosophila and cell models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160: 107777.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107777] [PMID: 31521619]
[75]
Kozuka C, Kaname T, Shimizu-Okabe C, et al. Impact of brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol on epigenetic modulation of dopamine D2 receptors in brain striatum in high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60(8): 1502-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4305-4] [PMID: 28528402]
[76]
Yasukawa K, Akihisa T, Kimura Y, Tamura T, Takido M. Inhibitory effect of cycloartenol ferulate, a component of rice bran, on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Biol Pharm Bull 1998; 21(10): 1072-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.21.1072] [PMID: 9821812]
[77]
Sakai S, Murata T, Tsubosaka Y, Ushio H, Hori M, Ozaki H. γ-Oryzanol reduces adhesion molecule expression in vascular endothelial cells via suppression of nuclear factor-κB activation. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60(13): 3367-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf2043407] [PMID: 22401580]
[78]
Kim SP, Kang MY, Nam SH, Friedman M. Dietary rice bran component γ-oryzanol inhibits tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56(6): 935-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201200057] [PMID: 22707268]
[79]
Hirose M, Ozaki K, Takaba K, Fukushima S, Shirai T, Ito N. Modifying effects of the naturally occurring antioxidants γ-oryzanol, phytic acid, tannic acid and n-tritriacontane-16, 18-dione in a rat wide-spectrum organ carcinogenesis model. Carcinogenesis 1991; 12(10): 1917-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/12.10.1917] [PMID: 1657429]
[80]
Shimomura Y, Kobayashi I, Maruto S, et al. Effect of γ-oryzanol on serum TSH concentrations in primary hypothyroidism. Endocrinol Jpn 1980; 27(1): 83-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj1954.27.83] [PMID: 7389672]
[81]
Murase Y, Iishima H. Clinical studies of oral administration of gamma-oryzanol on climacteric complaints and its syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Prac 1963; 12: 147-9.
[82]
Ishihara M, Ito Y, Nakakita T, et al. Clinical effect of gamma-oryzanol on climacteric disturbance -on serum lipid peroxides (author’s transl). Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi 1982; 34(2): 243-51.
[PMID: 7061906]
[83]
Yamauchi J, Takahara J, Uneki T, Ofuki T. Inhibition of LH secretion by gamma-oryzanol in rat. Horm Metab Res 1981; 13(3): 185.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1019215] [PMID: 7239430]
[84]
Szcześniak KA, Ciecierska A, Ostaszewski P, Sadkowski T. Transcriptomic profile adaptations following exposure of equine satellite cells to nutriactive phytochemical gamma-oryzanol. Genes Nutr 2016; 11: 5-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12263-016-0523-5] [PMID: 27482297]
[85]
Bonner B, Warren B, Bucci L. Influence of ferulate supplementation on postexercise stress hormone levels after repeated exercise stress. J Appl Sports Sci Res 1990; p. 4.
[86]
Eslami S, Esa NM, Marandi SM, Ghasemi G, Eslami S. Effects of gamma oryzanol supplementation on anthropometric measurements & muscular strength in healthy males following chronic resistance training. Indian J Med Res 2014; 139(6): 857-63.
[PMID: 25109720]
[87]
Bray GA, Heisel WE, Afshin A, et al. The science of obesity management: an endocrine society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2018; 39(2): 79-132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2017-00253] [PMID: 29518206]
[88]
Francisqueti FV, Ferron AJ, Hasimoto FK, et al. Gamma oryzanol treats obesity-induced kidney injuries by modulating the adiponectin receptor 2/PPAR-α axis. Oxidative med cell longev 2018 2018; 1-9.
[89]
Wang O, Liu J, Cheng Q, et al. Effects of ferulic acid and γ-oryzanol on high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10(2): e0118135.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118135] [PMID: 25646799]
[90]
Francisqueti FV, Minatel IO, Ferron AJT, et al. Effect of gamma-oryzanol as therapeutic agent to prevent cardiorenal metabolic syndrome in animals submitted to high sugar-fat diet. Nutrients 2017; 9(12): 1299-309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9121299] [PMID: 29186059]
[91]
Wang L, Lin Q, Yang T, et al. Oryzanol modifies high fat diet-induced obesity, liver gene expression profile, and inflammation response in mice. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65(38): 8374-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03230] [PMID: 28853872]
[92]
Rong N, Ausman LM, Nicolosi RJ. Oryzanol decreases cholesterol absorption and aortic fatty streaks in hamsters. Lipids 1997; 32(3): 303-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0037-9] [PMID: 9076667]
[93]
Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ, Woolfrey B, Kritchevsky D. Rice bran oil and oryzanol reduce plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and aortic cholesterol ester accumulation to a greater extent than ferulic acid in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18(2): 105-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.03.006] [PMID: 16713234]
[94]
Suh MH, Yoo SH, Chang PS, Lee HG. Antioxidative activity of microencapsulated γ-oryzanol on high cholesterol-fed rats. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53(25): 9747-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf051912t] [PMID: 16332125]
[95]
Kaimal TBN. γ-oryzanol from rice bran oil. J Oil Technol Aassoc India 1999; 31: 83-93.
[96]
Seetharamaiah GS, Krishnakantha TP, Chandrasekhara N. Influence of oryzanol on platelet aggregation in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1990; 36(3): 291-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.36.291] [PMID: 2292731]
[97]
Ghatak SB, Panchal SJ. Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of oryzanol, isolated from crude rice bran oil, on Triton WR-1339-induced acute hyperlipidemia in rats. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2012; 22: 642-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000023]
[98]
Mäkynen K, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Adisakwattana S, Failla M, Ariyapitipun T. Effect of gamma-oryzanol on the bioaccessibility and synthesis of cholesterol. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16(1): 49-56.
[PMID: 22338548]
[99]
Seetharamaiah GS, Chandrasekhara N. Effect of oryzanol on cholesterol absorption & biliary & fecal bile acids in rats. Indian J Med Res 1990; 92: 471-5.
[PMID: 2079365]
[100]
Kozuka C, Sunagawa S, Ueda R, et al. A novel insulinotropic mechanism of whole grain‐derived γ‐oryzanol via the suppression of local dopamine D2 receptor signalling in mouse islet. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172: 4519-34.
[101]
Masuzaki H, Kozuka C, Okamoto S, Yonamine M, Tanaka H, Shimabukuro M. Brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol as a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against diabetes mellitus and obesity in humans. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10(1): 18-25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12892] [PMID: 29978570]
[102]
Son MJ, Rico CW, Nam SH, Kang MY. Effect of oryzanol and ferulic acid on the glucose metabolism of mice fed with a high-fat diet. J Food Sci 2011; 76(1): H7-H10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01907.x] [PMID: 21535685]
[103]
Ohara K, Uchida A, Nagasaka R, Ushio H, Ohshima T. The effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives on adiponectin secretion. Phytomedicine 2009; 16(2-3): 130-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2008.09.012] [PMID: 19013780]
[104]
Jung CH, Lee DH, Ahn J, et al. γ-Oryzanol enhances adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake. Nutrients 2015; 7(6): 4851-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064851] [PMID: 26083118]
[105]
Imam MU, Ismail M, Ithnin H, Tubesha Z, Omar AR. Effects of germinated brown rice and its bioactive compounds on the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene. Nutrients 2013; 5(2): 468-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5020468] [PMID: 23389305]
[106]
Hypolipidemic ASMK. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of oryzanol concentrate in reducing diabetic nephropathy via SREBP1 downregulation rather than β-oxidation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62: e1700511.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700511] [PMID: 29469229]
[107]
Lee SH, Chun HK, Chang SO, Lee YS. Effect of γ-oryzanol on blood glucose in diabetic KK mice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2004; 33: 827-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.5.827]
[108]
Staessen JA, Wang J, Bianchi G, Birkenhäger WH. Essential hypertension. Lancet 2003; 361(9369): 1629-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13302-8] [PMID: 12747893]
[109]
Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Delshad H, Azizi F. White rice consumption is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in Tehrani adults: a prospective approach in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Arch Iran Med 2014; 17(6): 435-40.
[PMID: 24916530]
[110]
Devarajan S, Singh R, Chatterjee B, Zhang B, Ali A. A blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil lowers blood pressure and improves the lipid profile in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10(2): 339-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.011] [PMID: 27055965]
[111]
Justo ML, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Claro CM, Alvarez de Sotomayor M, Parrado J, Herrera MD. Water-soluble rice bran enzymatic extract attenuates dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52(2): 789-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0385-6] [PMID: 22661284]
[112]
Lassègue B, Griendling KK. Reactive oxygen species in hypertension; An update. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17(9): 852-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.02.004] [PMID: 15363831]
[113]
Srinivasan M, Sudheer AR, Menon VP. Ferulic Acid: therapeutic potential through its antioxidant property. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007; 40(2): 92-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.40.92] [PMID: 18188410]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy