摘要
几十年前,结直肠癌 (CRC) 的发病率很低,现在在每年造成近 100 万人死亡的致命癌症中排名第四。人口老龄化以及吸烟、肥胖、久坐不动的生活方式以及发达国家的不健康饮食习惯等风险因素会增加患结直肠癌的风险。肠道微生物群的平衡和宿主内细菌发酵过程中产生的代谢物在调节肠道疾病和结直肠癌的发展中起着重要作用。对疾病认识的最新进展导致了多种治疗选择,例如手术、放疗和化疗,包括靶向治疗和多种疗法。 CRC 的治疗计划取决于癌症的位置、阶段和等级以及基因组生物标志物测试。尽管在疾病的遗传和分子方面取得了所有进步,但由于药物作用以及药物反应的广泛变化似乎与个体分子和遗传特征没有密切相关,因此知识似乎不足,这表明需要对这种复杂异质性疾病的全面分子理解。此外,需要在临床研究中验证多种疗法或广谱方法,这是各种有前途且有效的治疗策略的结合,可以解决异质性并作用于疾病的多个目标。在晚期疾病的情况下,最新的治疗方案显着增加了长达三年的存活率。结直肠癌是由息肉样前体发展而来的事实,以及在晚期发生的疾病症状,强调了筛查计划如何帮助早期发现和降低 CRC 的死亡率和发病率。
关键词: 结直肠癌、靶向治疗、天然化合物、微生物群、多种疗法、CRC 发病率。
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