摘要
基因治疗是医学突破的前沿领域之一,可以有效地解决以前无法治愈的疾病。将矫正遗传物质或治疗性基因注入细胞可恢复缺失的基因功能,并治愈大量传统医学方法无法治愈的疾病。这一发现有望治疗许多神经退行性疾病,如肌肉萎缩、多发性硬化症、帕金森病(PD)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)等。基因疗法被证明是一种人道的、成本效益高的选择,而不是费力而又及时、不可能的寻找匹配捐赠者和大规模手术的过程。它也克服了传统方法穿越血脑屏障的缺点。然而,只有在对该病的免疫发病机制和分子机制有了深入的了解后,基因治疗的应用才有可能。基因治疗的过程大致可分为三个主要步骤:阐明目的基因,筛选合适的载体,确定最佳的转移方式;每一步都需要进行普及研究。本文就基因治疗在神经退行性疾病中的作用、载体和传递方法进行综述,重点对中枢神经系统(CNS)的基因治疗进行综述。
关键词: 基因治疗,神经退行性疾病,神经病变,中枢神经系统,AAV,载体
图形摘要
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