Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Mini-Review Article

What is the Impact of Bisphenol A on Sperm Function and Related Signaling Pathways: A Mini-review?

Author(s): Yian Zhou, Wenqing Xu, Yuan Yuan and Tao Luo*

Volume 26, Issue 37, 2020

Page: [4822 - 4828] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200821113126

Price: $65

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound that is ubiquitously present in daily life. It is a typical environmental endocrine disruptor that affects the functions of endogenous hormones. There is a significant negative correlation between BPA and male reproduction. This mini-review describes current research data on the negative effects of BPA on sperm functions in humans and animal models, as well as on its supposed mechanisms of action, such as CATSPER-Ca2+ signaling, cAMP-protein kinase A signaling, and epigenetic changes. The published evidence showed an adverse impact of BPA on sperm tail morphology, counts, motility, and acrosome reaction action. Sperm function related signaling pathways, such as CATSPER-Ca2+ signaling, cAMP-protein kinase A signaling, and phosphorylation signaling, as well as epigenetic changes and sperm aging, are associated with BPA exposure in human and animal models. The clear risks of BPA exposure can provide greater awareness of the potential threat of environmental contaminants on male fertility.

Keywords: Bisphenol A, environmental endocrine disruptor, epigenetic changes, male fertility, sperm function, sperm function related signaling pathways.

« Previous
[1]
Vom Saal FS, Nagel SC, Coe BL, Angle BM, Taylor JA. The estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) and obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 354(1-2): 74-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.001 ] [PMID: 22249005]
[2]
Vogel SA. The politics of plastics: the making and unmaking of bisphenol a “safety”. Am J Public Health 2009; 99(Suppl. 3): S559-66.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.159228 ] [PMID: 19890158]
[3]
John N, Rehman H, Razak S, et al. Comparative study of environmental pollutants bisphenol A and bisphenol S on sexual differentiation of anteroventral periventricular nucleus and spermatogenesis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17(1): 53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-019-0491-x ] [PMID: 31292004]
[4]
Vitku J, Heracek J, Sosvorova L, et al. Associations of bisphenol A and polychlorinated biphenyls with spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in two biological fluids from men attending an infertility clinic. Environ Int 2016; 89-90: 166-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.021 ] [PMID: 26863184]
[5]
World Health Organization. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen 2010.
[6]
Pollard SH, Cox KJ, Blackburn BE, et al. Male exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and semen quality in the Home Observation of Periconceptional Exposures (HOPE) cohort. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 90: 82-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.014 ] [PMID: 31445078]
[7]
Adoamnei E, Mendiola J, Vela-Soria F, et al. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations are associated with reproductive parameters in young men. Environ Res 2018; 161: 122-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.002 ] [PMID: 29156341]
[8]
Omran GA, Gaber HD, Mostafa NAM, Abdel-Gaber RM, Salah EA. Potential hazards of bisphenol A exposure to semen quality and sperm DNA integrity among infertile men. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81: 188-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.08.010 ] [PMID: 30103013]
[9]
Li DK, Zhou Z, Miao M, et al. Urine bisphenol-A (BPA) level in relation to semen quality. Fertil Steril 2011; 95(2): 625-30.e1, 4..
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.09.026] [PMID: 21035116]
[10]
Goldstone AE, Chen Z, Perry MJ, Kannan K, Louis GM. Urinary bisphenol A and semen quality, the LIFE Study. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 51: 7-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.11.003 ] [PMID: 25462789]
[11]
Cariati F, D’Uonno N, Borrillo F, Iervolino S, Galdiero G, Tomaiuolo R. Bisphenol a: an emerging threat to male fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17(1): 6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0447-6 ] [PMID: 30660193]
[12]
Radwan M, Wielgomas B, Dziewirska E, et al. Urinary bisphenol a levels and male fertility. Am J Men Health 2018; 12(6): 2144-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318799163 ] [PMID: 30261816]
[13]
Vitku J, Sosvorova L, Chlupacova T, et al. Differences in bisphenol A and estrogen levels in the plasma and seminal plasma of men with different degrees of infertility. Physiol Res 2015; 64(Suppl. 2): S303-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.933090 ] [PMID: 26680493]
[14]
Mendiola J, Jørgensen N, Andersson AM, et al. Are environmental levels of bisphenol a associated with reproductive function in fertile men? Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118(9): 1286-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002037 ] [PMID: 20494855]
[15]
Park YJ, Rahman MS, Pang WK, Ryu DY, Kim B, Pang MG. Bisphenol A affects the maturation and fertilization competence of spermatozoa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020. 196110512
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110512 ] [PMID: 32244115]
[16]
Wang HF, Chang M, Peng TT, et al. Exposure to cadmium impairs sperm functions by reducing CatSper in mice. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 42(1): 44-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477113 ] [PMID: 28554186]
[17]
Wang HF, Liu M, Li N, Luo T, Zheng LP, Zeng XH. Bisphenol A impairs mature sperm functions by a CatSper-relevant mechanism. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152(1): 145-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfw070 ] [PMID: 27125968]
[18]
Rehfeld A, Andersson AM, Skakkebæk NE. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol analogs, but not bisphenol A (BPA), activate the CatSper Ca2+ channel in human sperm. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11: 324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00324 ] [PMID: 32508751]
[19]
Rahman MS, Kwon WS, Lee JS, Yoon SJ, Ryu BY, Pang MG. Bisphenol-A affects male fertility via fertility-related proteins in spermatozoa. Sci Rep 2015; 5(1): 9169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep09169 ] [PMID: 25772901]
[20]
Rahman MS, Kwon WS, Karmakar PC, Yoon SJ, Ryu BY, Pang MG. Gestational exposure to bisphenol A affects the function and proteome profile of F1 spermatozoa in adult mice. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125(2): 238-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP378 ] [PMID: 27384531]
[21]
Wang C, Zhang J, Li Q, et al. Low concentration of BPA induces mice spermatocytes apoptosis via GPR30. Oncotarget 2017; 8(30): 49005-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16923 ] [PMID: 28446726]
[22]
Wang CM. The roles of Pten/Akt and mitochondrial signaling pathway in rat testicular apoptosis induced by BPA. Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci 2014; 7: 209.
[23]
Quan C. The roles of Akt/mTOR and mitochondria signaling pathway in male rat reproduction toxicity induced by BPA. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2016; 8: 118.
[24]
Fan Z. Role of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in cell apoptosis induced by Bisphenol A. Shenyang Medical College 2019; p. 7.
[25]
Gao L. The regulatory mechanism of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in Treg/Th17 immune imbalance of male offspring induced by Bisphenol A exposure in early life. Zhongguo Yike Daxue Xuebao 2019; 1: 144.
[26]
Alonso-Magdalena P, Ropero AB, Soriano S, et al. Bisphenol-A acts as a potent estrogen via non-classical estrogen triggered pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355(2): 201-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.012 ] [PMID: 22227557]
[27]
Li J, Mao R, Zhou Q, et al. Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in Wistar rats reduces sperm quality with disruption of ERK signal pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26(3): 180-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15376516.2016.1139024 ] [PMID: 26862991]
[28]
Wu D, Wu F, Lin R, et al. Impairment of learning and memory induced by perinatal exposure to BPA is associated with ERα-mediated alterations of synaptic plasticity and PKC/ERK/CREB signaling pathway in offspring rats. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161: 43-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.04.023 ] [PMID: 32380187]
[29]
Manikkam M, Tracey R, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK. Plastics derived endocrine disruptors (BPA, DEHP and DBP) induce epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of obesity, reproductive disease and sperm epimutations. PLoS One 2013; 8(1) e55387
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055387 ] [PMID: 23359474]
[30]
Lombó M, Fernández-Díez C, González-Rojo S, Herráez MP. Genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by bisphenol A exposure during different periods of spermatogenesis: from spermatozoa to the progeny. Sci Rep 2019; 9(1): 18029.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54368-8 ] [PMID: 31792261]
[31]
Zheng H, Zhou X, Li DK, et al. Genome-wide alteration in DNA hydroxymethylation in the sperm from bisphenol A-exposed men. PLoS One 2017; 12(6) e0178535
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178535 ] [PMID: 28582417]
[32]
Wu DH, Leung YK, et al. Bisphenol A (BPA) confers direct genotoxicity to sperm with increased sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertil Steril 2011; 96(3): S5-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.030]
[33]
Gassman NR. Induction of oxidative stress by bisphenol A and its pleiotropic effects. Environ Mol Mutagen 2017; 58(2): 60-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.22072 ] [PMID: 28181297]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version342msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[15:30:49] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[15:30:50] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[15:30:50] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (93.68ms)time
  • Application (249ms)time
  • 1 x Application (72.62%)
    249ms
    1 x Booting (27.37%)
    93.68ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated161ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('221967817','',1,1740497449,1740497449) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740497449
      1.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('221967817','/article/109396',1,1740497449,1740497449)
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 221967817 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 221967817) limit 1
      13.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 221967817
      • 1: 221967817
      • 2: 221967817
      • 3: 221967817
      • 4: 221967817
      • 5: 221967817
      • 6: 221967817
      • 7: 221967817
      • 8: 221967817
      • 9: 221967817
      • 10: 221967817
      • 11: 221967817
      • 12: 221967817
      • 13: 221967817
      • 14: 221967817
      • 15: 221967817
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=109396
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 29 limit 1
      930μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 29
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=29) and sj.journal_id!=29 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=29) and sj.journal_id!=29 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      880μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=29) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.49msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=29) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '109396'
      1.24msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 109396
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '109396'
      2.36msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 109396
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '109396' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      4.48msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 109396
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 29 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      35.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 29 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      47.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 29 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      37.85msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 109396 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 109396
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 109396 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 185205 limit 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 185205
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CPD' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CPD
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '109396' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '10120' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2790' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2790) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2790) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2790)
      1.72msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10120) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10120) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10120)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 109396) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 109396) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497450 and j.to_date >= 1740497450 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 109396)
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '4822' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10120 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 4822
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '4828' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10120 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 4828
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 109396 limit 1
      2.35msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 109396
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 29 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497450 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497450 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.17msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 29
      • 3: 1740497450
      • 4: 1740497450
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 29 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497450 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497450 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 29
      • 3: 1740497450
      • 4: 1740497450
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='e4d39bd02e30b4d804c1a71fd30ebcea'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        i5BaKtnxITJrcrRXJTAXNHuukHOZonx0jKT4JMwu
        uc_cart_id
        e4d39bd02e30b4d804c1a71fd30ebcea
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/109396" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/109396
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Imw4Zkc2TURmVVNDSnJBeXhSU1R1VEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXNhMG1zMjFaZjFUak43KzNoM1JnVFBqeDM5WDJsUVYvNm5oSHdyMVZoND0iLCJtYWMiOiIzOTJkN2E0ODM2MzNiYWEzMzE4OGQ1MWVjZDc2NjgzMDIyZDA5OTg1NGQ0ZWY0OGVhYzAzZmVjZjhiYTU4ZTY4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Imw4Zkc2TURmVVNDSnJBeXhSU1R1VEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRXNhMG1zMjFaZjFUak43KzNoM1JnVFBqeDM5WDJsUVYvNm5oSHdyMVZoND0iLCJtYWMiOiIzOTJkN2E0ODM2MzNi" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:30:50 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNqUHNTcU9nM0NuQTRXN09McXNCOUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS3k0RDE5b3N5aVppUG9neXBhZU03aFF2Q0ZsZC95NWpod2hCTWdOL0dQS1MzRmNxYk94dGRxMkxaVzBjdnZRQk81QndLZFBwc285b010V0pNTGdsKzZEZGVWaWl1MEs3NHI5WHd1Y0t6N0RxenkzQU1nVFdZRUVtaGZxZVlUcEgiLCJtYWMiOiI1NDNmZDJmYTY3Y2MwYjEyMmMxZTAwNmEzYzAyYWY5ZGRhOTFkZDgzZmZkNDJmOGU0YzE0MmM2ZGRlNzEzNWNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:30:50 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNqUHNTcU9nM0NuQTRXN09McXNCOUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS3k0RDE5b3N5aVppUG9neXBhZU03aFF2Q0ZsZC95NWpod2hCTWdOL0dQS1MzRmNxYk94dGRxMkxaVzBjdnZRQk81QndLZ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlExQktoOUhWWXJPVVFvQ09uVFRpbWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNkxjbTF4NEhHNytvOVh1S0NSb2sySlA0RU40VjhocktkWURnWktQMkRNRWNRNW01NURyRDg3eUl2Mm51K0g0YlhwTVhpcVVISks2Mk8rN3BtUUhLMXNJOStJcFVTT3ZuQytWWnM3M29ZenZGbkVFRGxzcUtzekk5SWgvYlRod1ciLCJtYWMiOiJlOTYzNmM5YWE1ZmU4ZWY3ZWYyMjNhMjRlMzgxNDJmNjZiMjhlMzNiZTYzNTE1MzIwZWM0NjAyZTM0YmRlY2Y5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlExQktoOUhWWXJPVVFvQ09uVFRpbWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNkxjbTF4NEhHNytvOVh1S0NSb2sySlA0RU40VjhocktkWURnWktQMkRNRWNRNW01NURyRDg3eUl" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNqUHNTcU9nM0NuQTRXN09McXNCOUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS3k0RDE5b3N5aVppUG9neXBhZU03aFF2Q0ZsZC95NWpod2hCTWdOL0dQS1MzRmNxYk94dGRxMkxaVzBjdnZRQk81QndLZFBwc285b010V0pNTGdsKzZEZGVWaWl1MEs3NHI5WHd1Y0t6N0RxenkzQU1nVFdZRUVtaGZxZVlUcEgiLCJtYWMiOiI1NDNmZDJmYTY3Y2MwYjEyMmMxZTAwNmEzYzAyYWY5ZGRhOTFkZDgzZmZkNDJmOGU0YzE0MmM2ZGRlNzEzNWNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:30:50 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNqUHNTcU9nM0NuQTRXN09McXNCOUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS3k0RDE5b3N5aVppUG9neXBhZU03aFF2Q0ZsZC95NWpod2hCTWdOL0dQS1MzRmNxYk94dGRxMkxaVzBjdnZRQk81QndLZ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlExQktoOUhWWXJPVVFvQ09uVFRpbWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNkxjbTF4NEhHNytvOVh1S0NSb2sySlA0RU40VjhocktkWURnWktQMkRNRWNRNW01NURyRDg3eUl2Mm51K0g0YlhwTVhpcVVISks2Mk8rN3BtUUhLMXNJOStJcFVTT3ZuQytWWnM3M29ZenZGbkVFRGxzcUtzekk5SWgvYlRod1ciLCJtYWMiOiJlOTYzNmM5YWE1ZmU4ZWY3ZWYyMjNhMjRlMzgxNDJmNjZiMjhlMzNiZTYzNTE1MzIwZWM0NjAyZTM0YmRlY2Y5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlExQktoOUhWWXJPVVFvQ09uVFRpbWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNkxjbTF4NEhHNytvOVh1S0NSb2sySlA0RU40VjhocktkWURnWktQMkRNRWNRNW01NURyRDg3eUl" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "i5BaKtnxITJrcrRXJTAXNHuukHOZonx0jKT4JMwu" "uc_cart_id" => "e4d39bd02e30b4d804c1a71fd30ebcea" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/109396" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:30:50GET/article/109396314361