Generic placeholder image

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1871-5265
ISSN (Online): 2212-3989

Research Article

In vitro Effect of Chlorquine and Picroliv on Plasmodium Berghei Induced Alterations in the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in Spleen Explant Culture

Author(s): Anchal Trivedi, Aparna Misra*, Esha Sarkar and Anil K. Balapure

Volume 21, Issue 3, 2021

Published on: 30 June, 2020

Page: [416 - 428] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200630124419

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: In recent years, great progress has been made in reducing the high level of malaria suffering worldwide. There is a great need to evaluate drug resistance reversers and consider new medicines against malaria. There are many approaches to the development of antimalarial drugs. Specific concerns must be taken into account in these approaches, in particular the requirement for inexpensive and simple new therapies and the need to limit drug discovery expenses. Important ongoing efforts are the optimisation of treatment with available medications, including the use of combination therapy, the production of analogs of known agents and the identification of natural products, the use of compounds originally developed against other diseases, the assessment of overcoming drug resistance and the consideration of new therapeutic targets. Liver and spleen are the important organs which are directly associated with malarial complications.

Aim: An analysis of the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture.

Objective: To determine in vitro effectof Chlorquine and Picroliv on Plasmodium Berghei induced alterations in the Activity of Adenosine Triphosphatase, Aryl Hyrocarbon Hydroxylase Enzymes and Malondialdehyde in spleen Explant Culture.

Materials and Methods: 1-Histological preparation of spleen explants for paraplast embedding. 2- Biochemicalstudies (Enzymes (Atpase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA).

Results: Splenomegalyis isone of the three main diagnostic parameters of malaria infection besides fever and anaemia. Many enzymes present in the liver and spleen may also be altered or liberated under different pathological conditions. Enzymes (ATPase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found to increase in the liver and spleen explants during malarial infection. In the liver and spleen derived from parasitized CQ treated animals, the activity of all the above enzymes (ATPase, ALP&GST) and the level of protein & MDA of liver/spleen reversed towards the normal for all the 4 or 3 days of incubations. Picroliv efficacy decreased with the increment of parasitaemia and at 60% parasitaemia.

Conclusion: Alkalinephosphatase (ALP) was found to increase with increasing parasitaemia. After the addition of Picroliv to the medium, a decrement in the activity was observed up to day 4 of culture. A similar positive effect of Picroliv was observed on the ATPase and ALP activity of spleen explants. DNA and protein contents also increased in the parasitized liver cultured in the presence of picroliv. On the contrary, in the spleen explants DNA, protein and MDA content were found to decrease after Picroliv supplementation to the culture medium.

Keywords: Atpase, AHH (aryl hydro carbon hydroxylase), MDA (Malondialdehyde), DME (Drug metabolizing enzyme), adenosinetriphosphatase, alkalinephosphatase.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Gaye, O There should be a World Health Assembly resolution for malaria eradication. Malar J, 2019, 18(1), 352.
[2]
Ali, S; Gopalakrishnan, B; Venkatesalu, V Larvicidal potential of Juglans regiamale flower against Anophelesstephensi, Aedesaegypti and Culex quinque fasciatus. Nat Prod Res, 2017, 33(10), 1463-1466.
[PMID: 29251995]
[3]
Rochon, K; Duehl, A; Anderson, J; Barrera, R; Su, N Arthropod Surveillance Programs: Basic Components, Strategies,and Analysis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2012, 105(2), 135-149.
[4]
World Health Organization. Department of essential drugs and medicines policy. Bundes gesundheits blatt Gesundheits forsch Gesundheits schutz, 2005, 48(2), 221-231.
[5]
Wilson, S; Vennervald, B; Dunne, D Chronic Hepatosplenomegaly in African School Children: A Common but Neglected Morbidity Associated with Schistosomiasis and Malaria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2011, 5(8), e1149.
[PMID: 21912707]
[6]
White, N.J. Malaria parasite clearance WN. Malar J, 2017, 16(1), 88.
[7]
Bigoniya, P; Warathe, A; Singh, C Protective action of picroliv isolated from Picrorhizakurroa against radiation clastogenecityonmice and cyclophosphamide-induced cytotoxicity in Alliumcepa Root. J. Rad. Cancer Res., 2019, 10(1), 58.
[8]
Shailubhal, K.; Saxena, ES; Balapure, AK; KandVijay, IK 1990.
[9]
KlLatif., A.; Smit, A.; JPandHedrick, n Adenosine phosphatase and nuclcotide metabolism in synapto somes of rat. Journal of Neurochemistry, 1970, 17, 391-401.
[10]
Enander, K; Magnusson, P Alkaline phosphatase interacts with collagen during mineralization. Bone Abstracts, 2014.
[11]
Utley, HG; Bernhein, F; Hochstein, P Arch Biochem Biophys, 1967, 118, 28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(67)90273-1]
[12]
Lowry, OH; Rosebrough, N.; Farr, J; A.L.and Randall, R.J Protein Measurement with Folin phenol regent. Journal Of Biological Chemistry, 1993, 265275.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy