Abstract
Nanotechnology has come a long way showing major contributions in the field of agriculture and food production. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing day by day as they possess better solubility, enhanced magnetic and optical properties, and better surface to charge ratio. The affirmative effects due to the use of NPs have been explained, including enhanced germination, increased root and shoot length, and the overall increase in plant biomass along with improvement in physiological parameters like photosynthetic activity. Recently, the toxicological effects of NPs in agriculture have become a matter of concern. The current review focuses on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage and defense mechanism in response to phytotoxicity caused by the use of NPs. The other aspects in this review include the effect of NPs on macromolecule concentration, plant hormones and crop quality. The review also discusses the future prospects of NPs on plant phytotoxicity and growth. Furthermore, it also discusses the possible measures which can be taken for plant protection and growth while using NPs in agriculture.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, nanotoxicity, plant hormones, phytotoxicity, plant stress, defense mechanism.
Graphical Abstract
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