Generic placeholder image

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1389-2010
ISSN (Online): 1873-4316

Research Article

Bio-Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Phosphate Nanoparticles Using Enterobacter aerogenes Cells for Antibacterial and Anticorrosion Applications

Author(s): Mona Sadeghi-Aghbash, Mostafa Rahimnejad* and S. Masoomeh Pourali

Volume 21, Issue 12, 2020

Page: [1232 - 1241] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200506073534

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: The promising properties of Zinc Phosphate (ZnP) Nanoparticles (NPs) have made them come into prominence as one of the most favorable catalysts in various industries with ever- increasing applications. Among several proposed synthetic methods, biological methods have mostly been desired for their sheer person-environment compatibility in comparison with those of chemical and physical ones.

Objective: Therefore, the synthesis of ZnP NPs via biological route was developed in this study.

Method: Herein proposed a facile, applicable procedure for ZnP NPs via biosynthesis route, which included precipitation of Zinc Nitrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) in the presence of Enterobacter aerogenes as the synthetic intermediate. Investigation of the anti-corrosion behavior of the synthesized NPs was explored on carbon steel in the hydrochloric acid corrosive environment to provide deeper insight into their unique anti-corrosion properties. Additionally, their antibacterial activities were also examined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans.

Results: The results of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnP NPs. Moreover, the examinations of both anti-corrosion and antibacterial properties, revealed that the synthesized NPs could be a promising anti-corrosion/antibacterial agent.

Conclusion: ZnP NPs with an average size of 30-35 nm were successfully synthesized via the simple, suitable biological method. Results implied that these particles could be used as a non-toxic, environmentally friendly, corrosion-resistant and antibacterial agent instead of toxic and uneco-friendly ones.

Keywords: Bio-mediated synthesis, zinc phosphate nanoparticles, bacteria, Enterobacter aerogenes, anti-corrosion, antibacterial property.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Senapati, U.; Sarkar, D. Characterization of biosynthesized zinc sulphide nanoparticles using edible mushroom Pleurotuss ostreatu. Indian J. Phys., 2014, 88(6), 557-562.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-014-0456-z]
[2]
Mohanpuria, P.; Rana, N.K.; Yadav, S.K. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: Technological concepts and future applications. J. Nanopart. Res., 2008, 10(3), 507-517.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-007-9275-x]
[3]
Hulkoti, N.I.; Taranath, T.C. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microbes- A review. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 2014, 121, 474-483.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.05.027 ] [PMID: 25001188]
[4]
Jadhav, A.J.; Karekar, S.E.; Pinjari, D.V.; Datar, Y.G.; Bhanvase, B.A.; Sonawane, S.H.; Pandit, A.B. Development of smart nanocontainers with a zinc phosphate core and a pH-responsive shell for controlled release of immidazole. Hybrid Mater., 2015, 2(1), 71-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hyma-2015-0001]
[5]
He, W.; Yan, S.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, W.; Tian, X.; Sun, X.; Han, X. Biomimetic synthesis of mesoporous zinc phosphate nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 477(1-2), 657-660.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.10.136]
[6]
Boonchom, B.; Baitahe, R.; Kongtaweelert, S.; Vittayakorn, N. Kinetics and thermodynamics of zinc phosphate hydrate synthesized by a simple route in aqueous and acetone media. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2010, 49(8), 3571-3576.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie901626z]
[7]
Liu, C.; Xie, H-Z.; Wang, J-D.; Tong, Q.; Liu, J-K.; Yang, X-H. Preparation and anti-corrosion performance of zinc phosphate nanocrystals by ultrasonic–hydrothermal synergistic route. Nano, 2014, 9(6), 1-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793292014500593]
[8]
Yuan, A.; Liao, S.; Tong, Z.F.; Wu, J.; Huang, Z. Synthesis of nanoparticle zinc phosphate dihydrate by solid state reaction at room temperature and its thermochemical study. Mater. Lett., 2006, 60(17-18), 2110-2114.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.12.082]
[9]
Zhou, X.; Du, H.; Ma, H.; Sun, L.; Cao, R.; Li, H.; Zhang, P. phosphate with self-assembled flower-like micro-nanostructures. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2015, 78, 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2014.10.020]
[10]
Jung, S-H.; Oh, E.; Shim, D.; Park, D-H.; Cho, S.; Lee, B.R.; Jeong, Y.U.; Lee, K-H.; Jeong, S-H. Sonochemical synthesis of amorphous zinc phosphate nanospheres. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 2009, 30(10), 2280-2282.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.10.2280]
[11]
Parhi, P.; Manivannan, V.; Kohli, S.; McCurdy, P. Room temperature metathetic synthesis and characterization of α-hopeite, Zn3(PO4)2•4H2O. Mater. Res. Bull., 2008, 43(7), 1836-1841.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.07.005]
[12]
Grzmil, B.; Kic, B.; Lubkowski, K. Studies on obtaining of zinc phosphate nanomaterials. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., 2007, 14, 46-48.
[13]
Yan, S.; He, W.; Sun, C.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, H.; Li, Z.; Zhou, W.; Tian, X.; Sun, X.; Han, X. The biomimetic synthesis of zinc phosphate nanoparticles. Dyes Pigm., 2009, 80(2), 254-258.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2008.06.010]
[14]
Holister, P.; Weener, J-W.; Román, C.; Harper, T. Nanoparticles. Technol. White Papers, 2003, 3, 1-11.
[15]
Cocco, A.R.; Rosa, W.L.; Silva, A.F.; Lund, R.G.; Piva, E. A systematic review about antibacterial monomers used in dental adhesive systems: Current status and further prospects. Dent. Mater., 2015, 31(11), 1345-1362.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.155 ] [PMID: 26345999]
[16]
Phan, T.N.; Buckner, T.; Sheng, J.; Baldeck, J.D.; Marquis, R.E. Physiologic actions of zinc related to inhibition of acid and alkali production by oral streptococci in suspensions and biofilms. Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 2004, 19(1), 31-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0902-0055.2003.00109.x] [PMID: 14678472]
[17]
Jadhav, A.; Holkar, C.; Pandit, A.; Pinjari, D. Intensification of synthesis of crystalline zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) nanopowder: advantage of sonochemical method over conventional method. Chem. Eng., 2016, 3(2), 1028.
[18]
Raliya, R.; Tarafdar, J.C. ZnO nanoparticle biosynthesis and its effect on phosphorous-mobilizing enzyme secretion and gum contents in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). Agric. Res., 2013, 2(1), 48-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40003-012-0049-z]
[19]
Kundu, D.; Hazra, C.; Chatterjee, A.; Chaudhari, A.; Mishra, S. Extracellular biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2: Multifunctional textile finishing, biosafety evaluation and in vitro drug delivery in colon carcinoma. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 2014, 140, 194-204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.001] [PMID: 25169770]
[20]
Sarkar, J.; Ghosh, M.; Mukherjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Acharya, K. Biosynthesis and safety evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng., 2014, 37(2), 165-171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-013-0982-7 ] [PMID: 23743731]
[21]
Li, X.; Xu, H.; Chen, Z-S.; Chen, G. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms and their applications. J. Nanomater., 2011, 2011, 1-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/270974]
[22]
Mobley, D.M.; Chengappa, M.M.; Kadel, W.L.; Stuart, J.G. Effect of pH, temperature and media on acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in “clinical” and “nonclinical” isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica. Can. J. Comp. Med., 1984, 48(2), 175-178.
[PMID: 6722645]
[23]
Prasad, K.; Jha, A.K. ZnO nanoparticles: Synthesis and adsorption study. Nat. Sci., 2009, 1(2), 129-135.
[24]
Sandana Mala, J.G.; Rose, C. Facile production of ZnS quantum dot nanoparticles by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 2918. J. Biotechnol., 2014, 170, 73-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.11.017] [PMID: 24316439]
[25]
Singh, G.; Babele, P.K.; Kumar, A.; Srivastava, A.; Sinha, R.P.; Tyagi, M.B. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the cell extract of the cyanobacterium, Anabaena strain L31 and its conjugation with UV-B absorbing compound shinorine. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 2014, 138, 55-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.030] [PMID: 24911272]
[26]
Azizi, S.; Ahmad, M.B.; Namvar, F.; Mohamad, R. Green biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using brown marine macroalga Sargassum muticum aqueous extract. Mater. Lett., 2014, 116, 275-277.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.11.038]
[27]
Srivastava, V.; Gusain, D.; Sharma, Y.C. Synthesis, characterization and application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (n-ZnO). Ceram. Int., 2013, 39(8), 9803-9808.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.04.110]
[28]
Jadhav, A.J.; Pinjari, D.V.; Pandit, A.B. Surfactant assisted sonochemical synthesis of hollow structured zinc phosphate nanoparticles and their application as nanocarrier. Chem. Eng. J., 2016, 297, 116-120.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.001]
[29]
McCafferty, E. Validation of corrosion rates measured by the Tafel extrapolation method. Corros. Sci., 2005, 47(12), 3202-3215.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2005.05.046]
[30]
Duffy, L.L.; Osmond-McLeod, M.J.; Judy, J.; King, T. Investigation into the antibacterial activity of silver, zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles against poultry-relevant isolates of Salmonella and Campylobacter. Food Control, 2018, 92, 293-300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.05.008]
[31]
Emami-Karvani, Z.; Chehrazi, P. Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 2011, 5(12), 1368-1373.
[32]
Qi, L.; Xu, Z.; Jiang, X.; Hu, C.; Zou, X. Preparation and antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydr. Res., 2004, 339(16), 2693-2700.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2004.09.007 ] [PMID: 15519328]
[33]
Zhang, N.; Weir, M.D.; Chen, C.; Melo, M.A.; Bai, Y.; Xu, H.H. Orthodontic cement with protein-repellent and antibacterial properties and the release of calcium and phosphate ions. J. Dent., 2016, 50, 51-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.05.001 ] [PMID: 27157089]
[34]
Sadeghi Aqbash, M.; Rahimnejad, M. Effect of zinc phosphate nanoparticles in combination with glass ionomer cements on Streptococcus mutans. Jmums, 2017, 27(153), 39-48.
[35]
Khodashenas, B.; Ghorbani, H.R. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles: An overview of the various methods. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 2014, 31(7), 1105-1109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-014-0127-y]
[36]
Ingale, A.G.; Chaudhari, A.N. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles and potential applications: An eco-friendly approach. J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol., 2013, 4(165), 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000165]
[37]
Jayaseelan, C.; Rahuman, A.A.; Kirthi, A.V.; Marimuthu, S.; Santhoshkumar, T.; Bagavan, A.; Gaurav, K.; Karthik, L.; Rao, K.V. Novel microbial route to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using Aeromonas hydrophila and their activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 2012, 90, 78-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.01.006 ] [PMID: 22321514]
[38]
Baskar, G.; Chandhuru, J.; Fahad, K.S.; Praveen, A. Mycological synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles. AJPTech., 2013, 3(4), 142-146.
[39]
Selvarajan, E.; Mohanasrinivasan, V. Biosynthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using Lactobacillus plantarum VITES07. Mater. Lett., 2013, 112, 180-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.09.020]
[40]
Asemani, H.R.; Ahmadi, P.; Sarabi, A.A.; Mohammadloo, H.E. Effect of zirconium conversion coating: Adhesion and anti-corrosion properties of epoxy organic coating containing Zinc Aluminum Polyphosphate (ZAPP) pigment on carbon mild steel. Prog. Org. Coat., 2016, 94, 18-27.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.01.015]
[41]
Jadhav, A.J.; Holkar, C.R.; Pinjari, D.V. Anticorrosive performance of super-hydrophobic imidazole encapsulated hollow zinc phosphate nanoparticles on mild steel. Prog. Org. Coat., 2018, 114, 33-39.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.09.017]
[42]
Pal, S.; Tak, Y.K.; Song, J.M. Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2007, 73(6), 1712-1720.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02218-06 ] [PMID: 17261510]
[43]
Reddy, K.M.; Feris, K.; Bell, J.; Wingett, D.G.; Hanley, C.; Punnoose, A. Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007, 90(213902), 2139021-2139023.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2742324 ] [PMID: 18160973]
[44]
Atmaca, S.; Kadri, G.; Cicek, R. The effect of zinc on microbial growth. Turk. J. Med. Sci., 1998, 28(6), 595-598.
[45]
Sonia, S.; Linda, J.K.H.; Ruckmani, K.; Sivakumar, M. Antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of biosynthesized colloidal zinc oxide nanoparticles for a fortified cold cream formulation: A potent nanocosmeceutical application. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2017, 79, 581-589.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.059 ] [PMID: 28629056]
[46]
Sirelkhatim, A.; Mahmud, S.; Seeni, A.; Kaus, N.H.M.; Ann, L.C.; Bakhori, S.K.M.; Hasan, H.; Mohamad, D. Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: Antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-Micro Lett., 2015, 7(3), 219-242.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x ] [PMID: 30464967]
[47]
Pasquet, J.; Chevalier, Y.; Pelletier, J.; Couval, E.; Bouvier, D.; Bolzinger, M.A. The contribution of zinc ions to the antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 2014, 457, 263-274.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.057]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version300msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[20:49:10] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[20:49:11] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[20:49:11] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (105ms)time
  • Application (194ms)time
  • 1 x Application (64.81%)
    194ms
    1 x Booting (35.19%)
    105ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated106ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51638174','',1,1740516550,1740516550) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740516550
      1.23msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51638174','/article/106390',1,1740516550,1740516550)
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51638174 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51638174) limit 1
      20.78msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51638174
      • 1: 51638174
      • 2: 51638174
      • 3: 51638174
      • 4: 51638174
      • 5: 51638174
      • 6: 51638174
      • 7: 51638174
      • 8: 51638174
      • 9: 51638174
      • 10: 51638174
      • 11: 51638174
      • 12: 51638174
      • 13: 51638174
      • 14: 51638174
      • 15: 51638174
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=106390
      920μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 30 limit 1
      2.76msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 30
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=30) and sj.journal_id!=30 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      1.53msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=30) and sj.journal_id!=30 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      1.28msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=30) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      2.22msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=30) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      1.96msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '106390'
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 106390
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '106390'
      3.74msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 106390
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '106390' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.93msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 106390
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 30 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      26.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 30 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      17.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 30 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      10.62msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 106390 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 106390
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 106390 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 181689 limit 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 181689
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CPB' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CPB
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '106390' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '10096' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2693' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2693) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2693) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2693)
      1.61msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10096) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10096) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 10096)
      580μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 106390) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 106390) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51638174 and j.to_ip >=51638174 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740516551 and j.to_date >= 1740516551 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 106390)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '1232' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10096 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 1232
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '1241' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 10096 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 1241
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 106390 limit 1
      2.36msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 106390
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 30 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740516551 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740516551 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.17msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 30
      • 3: 1740516551
      • 4: 1740516551
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 30 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740516551 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740516551 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 30
      • 3: 1740516551
      • 4: 1740516551
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='0fe6b9050313f3a4173df138e2ddcdf6'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        tHeZH34md4w4tynG6RXswWMKnSCM0EIctCfxckRm
        uc_cart_id
        0fe6b9050313f3a4173df138e2ddcdf6
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/106390" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/106390
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlREV2M5TzRXQ0xXS3BIS0FPc2YxNVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoia0V4QTFrNFY0aURrQ056YitjNkdVZW9uSTJjcGxrUDM4bmRhRmwvNTlXYz0iLCJtYWMiOiJmMjM3Zjc0MDM1ZjBkZTMwOTcxNTdjM2Y5MGZmNTVmNzY3YjY3NmU0MzM1OWE2NjA2MzJiZThjOGI3MzFlMTQ4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlREV2M5TzRXQ0xXS3BIS0FPc2YxNVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoia0V4QTFrNFY0aURrQ056YitjNkdVZW9uSTJjcGxrUDM4bmRhRmwvNTlXYz0iLCJtYWMiOiJmMjM3Zjc0MDM1ZjBk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:49:11 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdvSFM0NUJOUXltdlNjNHEyZVR2N3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTVZPQmRQSG9EMHlWdHQ4ZTVLOTdNRGxtRTQyUXRucjdUZGtJZGVoU1NnUzJnZFVuVHBmR3M5R0I3YWdVc1Q0b1JmemRuUXA3OU1KeDh5U3cycFVOTE1kc0FFM0RrS2FmdkJmQWp4MERiNW4yazJJaUErSVUraXBCTXhLSVFaUWIiLCJtYWMiOiIxYTI0Mzg4ZDIyMjE5NTVlMTM1OTkyOTBmYWUwOTk2ZjRjNTdjZWFhMjhkMWZiYjJkZTIzMjY0MmVjY2E2MDlmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:49:11 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdvSFM0NUJOUXltdlNjNHEyZVR2N3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTVZPQmRQSG9EMHlWdHQ4ZTVLOTdNRGxtRTQyUXRucjdUZGtJZGVoU1NnUzJnZFVuVHBmR3M5R0I3YWdVc1Q0b1JmemRuU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRXT2huL1JjamlzUTErSWhIQ1JxVHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVzRRS2pzRXpIRTBIMTRaYjh5aDRNNUEzOERUYlgzYm9Bb2IvQkdJYXFkajBIaTJjRWZvWjVtajlqbHdYRnhaTkdDU1lIZTlQVnlORDRYQ3dvT0RiUi9iYlVBaDhtSHBja1hCYnBzOURRRWtpYVVvbUc5YnE5K0ZhbVZPNEhZVHoiLCJtYWMiOiI3MGM1ZTk0YjAwZjcxNmYwNTI2NmU3ZDE0NWE1ZTY2MDdhNWYzYmFkYzFiNGVlZmFkMmNkNjIzN2I3ZmJkODczIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRXT2huL1JjamlzUTErSWhIQ1JxVHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVzRRS2pzRXpIRTBIMTRaYjh5aDRNNUEzOERUYlgzYm9Bb2IvQkdJYXFkajBIaTJjRWZvWjVtajl" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdvSFM0NUJOUXltdlNjNHEyZVR2N3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTVZPQmRQSG9EMHlWdHQ4ZTVLOTdNRGxtRTQyUXRucjdUZGtJZGVoU1NnUzJnZFVuVHBmR3M5R0I3YWdVc1Q0b1JmemRuUXA3OU1KeDh5U3cycFVOTE1kc0FFM0RrS2FmdkJmQWp4MERiNW4yazJJaUErSVUraXBCTXhLSVFaUWIiLCJtYWMiOiIxYTI0Mzg4ZDIyMjE5NTVlMTM1OTkyOTBmYWUwOTk2ZjRjNTdjZWFhMjhkMWZiYjJkZTIzMjY0MmVjY2E2MDlmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:49:11 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdvSFM0NUJOUXltdlNjNHEyZVR2N3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTVZPQmRQSG9EMHlWdHQ4ZTVLOTdNRGxtRTQyUXRucjdUZGtJZGVoU1NnUzJnZFVuVHBmR3M5R0I3YWdVc1Q0b1JmemRuU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRXT2huL1JjamlzUTErSWhIQ1JxVHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVzRRS2pzRXpIRTBIMTRaYjh5aDRNNUEzOERUYlgzYm9Bb2IvQkdJYXFkajBIaTJjRWZvWjVtajlqbHdYRnhaTkdDU1lIZTlQVnlORDRYQ3dvT0RiUi9iYlVBaDhtSHBja1hCYnBzOURRRWtpYVVvbUc5YnE5K0ZhbVZPNEhZVHoiLCJtYWMiOiI3MGM1ZTk0YjAwZjcxNmYwNTI2NmU3ZDE0NWE1ZTY2MDdhNWYzYmFkYzFiNGVlZmFkMmNkNjIzN2I3ZmJkODczIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRXT2huL1JjamlzUTErSWhIQ1JxVHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVzRRS2pzRXpIRTBIMTRaYjh5aDRNNUEzOERUYlgzYm9Bb2IvQkdJYXFkajBIaTJjRWZvWjVtajl" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "tHeZH34md4w4tynG6RXswWMKnSCM0EIctCfxckRm" "uc_cart_id" => "0fe6b9050313f3a4173df138e2ddcdf6" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/106390" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:49:11GET/article/106390314361