Abstract
Background: Total hip replacement (THR) is the standard surgical treatment of hip diseases. Periprosthetic bone mass density (BMD) loss may be a cause for revision surgery. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are now the principal class medications for osteoporosis.
Objective: To demonstrate the effect of BPs on treating periprosthetic osteoporosis after THR via a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed for RCTs on the effect of BPs on treating periprosthetic osteoporosis after THR and clinical outcomes relative to controls. The primary outcome measures were the change in BMD in each region of interest (ROI), the change in serum bone turnover marker levels, the change in functional parameters and the risk of adverse effects (AEs). The final search was performed in March, 2020. Results: Nine RCTs were included. A total of 359 patients met the inclusion criteria. BPs can clearly maintain periprosthetic BMD in ROIs at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 at 6, 12 and 24 months. In addition, BPs can clearly decrease serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) levels at 12 months. There was no significant difference in the risk of AEs between the BP and control groups; however, BPs can cause more patients to decline participation. Conclusion: BPs can effectively maintain overall periprosthetic BMD, but BMD in ROI 5 remains controversial. In addition, the safety of BPs is relatively high, but the compliance may be relatively low.Keywords: Bisphosphonates, total hip replacement, osteoporosis, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, propeptide.
[1]
Shan L, Shan B, Graham D, Saxena A. Total hip replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis on mid-term quality of life. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22(3): 389-406.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.12.006 ] [PMID: 24389057]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2013.12.006 ] [PMID: 24389057]
[2]
Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M. Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007; 89(4): 780-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200704000-00012 ] [PMID: 17403800]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200704000-00012 ] [PMID: 17403800]
[3]
Khanuja HS, Vakil JJ, Goddard MS, Mont MA. Cementless femoral fixation in total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93(5): 500-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.00774 ] [PMID: 21368083]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.00774 ] [PMID: 21368083]
[4]
Ollivere B, Wimhurst JA, Clark IM, Donell ST. Current concepts in osteolysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2012; 94(1): 10-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B1.28047 ] [PMID: 22219240]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B1.28047 ] [PMID: 22219240]
[5]
Venesmaa PK, Kröger HP, Miettinen HJ, Jurvelin JS, Suomalainen OT, Alhava EM. Monitoring of periprosthetic BMD after uncemented total hip arthroplasty with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-a 3-year follow-up study. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16(6): 1056-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.6.1056 ] [PMID: 11393782]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.6.1056 ] [PMID: 11393782]
[6]
Rubash HE, Sinha RK, Shanbhag AS, Kim SY. Pathogenesis of bone loss after total hip arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am 1998; 29(2): 173-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70316-3 ] [PMID: 9553563]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70316-3 ] [PMID: 9553563]
[7]
Huiskes R, Weinans H, van Rietbergen B. The relationship between stress shielding and bone resorption around total hip stems and the effects of flexible materials. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992; (274): 124-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199201000-00014 ] [PMID: 1728998]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199201000-00014 ] [PMID: 1728998]
[8]
Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). Executive summary of the European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104(3): 235-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-018-00512-x ] [PMID: 30796490]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-018-00512-x ] [PMID: 30796490]
[9]
Duque G. Osteoporosis in older persons: current pharmacotherapy and future directions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14(14): 1949-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2013.822861 ] [PMID: 23885760]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2013.822861 ] [PMID: 23885760]
[10]
Murad MH, Drake MT, Mullan RJ, et al. Clinical review. Comparative effectiveness of drug treatments to prevent fragility fractures: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97(6): 1871-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3060 ] [PMID: 22466336]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3060 ] [PMID: 22466336]
[11]
Guang-tao Fu LjL. Efficiency of zoledronic acid in inhibiting accelerated periprosthetic bone loss after cementless total hip arthroplasty in osteoporotic patients: a prospective, cohort study. Orthop Surg 2019; 11(4): 653-63.
[12]
Du Hyun Ro Heejin. Jin, et al. The use of bisphosphonates after joint arthroplasty is associated with lower implant revision rate 2018; 27(7): 2082-9.. 2018.
[13]
Fokter SK, Komadina R, Repse-Fokter A. Effect of etidronate in preventing periprosthetic bone loss following cemented hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2006; 118(Suppl. 2): 23-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0556-7 ] [PMID: 16817039]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-006-0556-7 ] [PMID: 16817039]
[14]
Yamasaki S, Masuhara K, Yamaguchi K, Nakai T, Fuji T, Seino Y. Risedronate reduces postoperative bone resorption after cementless total hip arthroplasty. Osteoporos Int 2007; 18(7): 1009-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0339-7 ] [PMID: 17554581]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0339-7 ] [PMID: 17554581]
[15]
Wang M, Wang L, Ye R. Risedronate reduces postoperative bone resorption after cementless total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 52: 189-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.02.007 ] [PMID: 29448032]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.02.007 ] [PMID: 29448032]
[16]
Gao J, Gao C, Li H, Wang GS, Xu C, Ran J. Effect of zoledronic acid on reducing femoral bone mineral density loss following total hip arthroplasty: A meta-analysis from randomized controlled trails. Int J Surg 2017; 47: 116-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.559 ] [PMID: 28827056]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.559 ] [PMID: 28827056]
[17]
Venesmaa PK, Kröger HP, Miettinen HJ, Jurvelin JS, Suomalainen OT, Alhav EM. Alendronate reduces periprosthetic bone loss after uncemented primary total hip arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16(11): 2126-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.11.2126 ] [PMID: 11697810]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.11.2126 ] [PMID: 11697810]
[18]
Iwamoto N, Inaba Y, Kobayashi N, Ishida T, Yukizawa Y, Saito T. A comparison of the effects of alendronate and alfacalcidol on bone mineral density around the femoral implant and in the lumbar spine after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93(13): 1203-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.01714 ] [PMID: 21776573]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.01714 ] [PMID: 21776573]
[19]
Sköldenberg OG, Salemyr MO, Bodén HS, Ahl TE, Adolphson PY. The effect of weekly risedronate on periprosthetic bone resorption following total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011; 93(20): 1857-64.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.01646 ] [PMID: 22012522]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.J.01646 ] [PMID: 22012522]
[20]
Scott DF, Woltz JN, Smith RR. Effect of zoledronic acid on reducing femoral bone mineral density loss following total hip arthroplasty: preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial. J Arthroplasty 2013; 28(4): 671-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2012.08.007 ] [PMID: 23142439]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2012.08.007 ] [PMID: 23142439]
[21]
Kobayashi N, Inaba Y, Uchiyama M, Ike H, Kubota S, Saito T. Teriparatide versus alendronate for the preservation of bone mineral density after total hip arthroplasty - a randomized controlled trial. J Arthroplasty 2016; 31(1): 333-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2015.07.017 ] [PMID: 26260784]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2015.07.017 ] [PMID: 26260784]
[22]
Aro E, Moritz N, Mattila K, Aro HT. A long-lasting bisphosphonate partially protects periprosthetic bone, but does not enhance initial stability of uncemented femoral stems: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of women undergoing total hip arthroplasty. J Biomech 2018; 75: 35-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.041 ] [PMID: 29747966]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.04.041 ] [PMID: 29747966]
[23]
Zhou W, Liu Y, Guo X, Yang H, Xu Y, Geng D. Effects of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density around prostheses and bone metabolism markers after primary total hip arthroplasty in females with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30(8): 1581-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05005-7 ] [PMID: 31115592]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05005-7 ] [PMID: 31115592]
[24]
Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997; 315(7109): 629-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 ] [PMID: 9310563]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 ] [PMID: 9310563]
[25]
Gossiel F, Paggiosi MA, Naylor KE, et al. The effect of bisphosphosphonates on bone turnover and bone balance in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: The T-score bone marker approach in the TRIO study. Bone 2020; 131: 115158-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2019.115158 ] [PMID: 31740343]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2019.115158 ] [PMID: 31740343]
[26]
Tadrous M, Mamdani MM, Juurlink DN, Krahn MD, Lévesque LE, Cadarette SM. Comparative gastrointestinal safety of bisphosphonates in primary osteoporosis: a network meta-analysis-reply to Pazianas and Abrahamsen. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25(11): 2671-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2789-z ] [PMID: 25035138]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2789-z ] [PMID: 25035138]
[27]
Ruggiero S, Gralow J, Marx RE, et al. Practical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer. J Oncol Pract 2006; 2(1): 7-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2006.2.1.7 ] [PMID: 20871729]
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2006.2.1.7 ] [PMID: 20871729]