Mode of Action of Anti-Infective Agents Focus on Oxidative Stress and Electron Transfer

Title: Mode of Action of Anti-Infective Agents Focus on Oxidative Stress and Electron Transfer

Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Author(s): Peter Kovacic and Laura E. Becvar

Affiliation:

Keywords: Anti Infective agents, Oxidative Stress, Electron Transfer, Reactive oxygen species ROS, Aromatic nitro compounds ArNO2, OS ET, Supreroxide dismutation, Phagomimetic, Multi Drug Resistance, CYP 450 metabolizes, Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Hydrogen Peroxide, Alcohols, Phenols, Hypochlorite, Radiation, Antibacterial Agnets, Penicillins, Cephalosporins/kwd, >, Lactam antibiotics, fluorinated quinolones, aureolic acid, Topoisomerases, tetracyclines, Streptonigrin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin Daunomycin, Blemycins, Nalidixic, quinolones, Bisnorisopenicillin, Cephalosporins, thienamycins, norfloxacin, olivanic, Rifamycin, Bacitracins, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, Anti ulcer Drug, mercury, merbromin, merthiolate, metal chelators nalidixic, oxine, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantion, nitro aliphatics, chloropicrin, bronopol, triarylmethane dyes, scarlet red, azo dyes, iminium species, heterocyclic salts, heterocyclic di N oxides, halogenated, Hydrogen Potassium ATPase, sulfenamide, ET OS, lansoprazole, omeprazole, Rebamipide, mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract: There is increasing evidence for involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the mechanism of action of a wide variety of physiologically active materials. Often the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by electron transfer (ET) or other routes mediated by free radicals. Principal ET functionalities are quinones (or precursors), metal complexes, aromatic nitro compounds (ArNO 2 ), and conjugated imines. These moieties are commonly found in the structures of anti-infective agents or their metabolites. In most cases, the ET functionalities display reduction potentials in the physiologically active range, i.e. more positive than approximately -0.5 V. Though the focus of this review is on OS and ET, a mode of action which emulates the natural immune system of the host, in some cases, this mechanism also appears to be involved in more generally accepted approaches, such as enzyme inhibition, adverse effects on membranes and DNA, or interference with DNA or protein synthesis. OS-ET represents a broad understanding of drug action that can aid in the design of new anti-infective agents. It is significant that a relatively simple unifying theme can be applied not only to the action of the predominant groups of anti-infective agents, but also more generally to other drug classes, toxins, carcinogens, enzymes, and hormones.

Cite this article as:

Kovacic Peter and Becvar E. Laura, Mode of Action of Anti-Infective Agents Focus on Oxidative Stress and Electron Transfer, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2000; 6 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612810006020143