Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Vascular Pharmacology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-1611
ISSN (Online): 1875-6212

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy

Author(s): Alfonso Mate*, Claudia Reyes-Goya, Álvaro Santana-Garrido and Carmen M. Vázquez

Volume 19, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 01 April, 2020

Page: [132 - 140] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200401112955

Price: $65

Abstract

Healthy lifestyle habits spanning from preconception to postpartum are considered as a major safeguard for achieving successful pregnancies and for the prevention of gestational diseases. Among preconception priorities established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are healthy diet and nutrition, weight management, physical activity, planned pregnancy and physical, mental and psychosocial health. Most studies covering the topic of healthy pregnancies focus on maternal diet because obesity increases the risks for adverse perinatal outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, large for gestational age newborns, or preeclampsia. Thus, foods rich in vegetables, essential and polyunsaturated fats and fibre-rich carbohydrates should be promoted especially in overweight, obese or diabetic women. An adequate intake of micronutrients (e.g. iron, calcium, folate, vitamin D and carotenoids) is also crucial to support pregnancy and breastfeeding. Moderate physical activity throughout pregnancy improves muscle tone and function, besides decreasing the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabesity (i.e. diabetes associated with obesity) and postpartum overweight. Intervention studies claim that an average of 30 min of exercise/day contributes to long-term benefits for maternal overall health and wellbeing. Other factors such as microbiome modulation, behavioural strategies (e.g. smoking cessation, anxiety/stress reduction and sleep quality), maternal genetics and age, social class and education might also influence the maternal quality of life. These factors contribute to ensure a healthy pregnancy, or at least to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes during pregnancy and later in life.

Keywords: Healthy pregnancy, lifestyle habits, maternal nutrition, physical activity.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Phelan S, Clifton RG, Haire-Joshu D, et al. LIFE-Moms Research Group. One-year postpartum an-thropometric outcomes in mothers and children in the LIFE-Moms lifestyle intervention clinical trials. Int J Obes 2020; 44(1): 57-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0410-4] [PMID: 31292531]
[2]
Bjerregaard AA, Halldorsson TI, Tetens I, Olsen SF. Mother’s dietary quality during pregnancy and offspring’s dietary quality in adolescence: Follow-up from a national birth cohort study of 19,582 mother-offspring pairs. PLoS Med 2019; 16(9)e1002911
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002911] [PMID: 31513597]
[3]
Symonds ME, Mendez MA, Meltzer HM, et al. Early life nutritional programming of obesity: mother-child cohort studies. Ann Nutr Metab 2013; 62(2): 137-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000345598] [PMID: 23392264]
[4]
Timmermans YEG, van de Kant KDG, Reijnders D, et al. Towards Prepared mums (TOP-mums) for a healthy start, a lifestyle intervention for women with overweight and a child wish: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. BMJ Open 2019; 9(11)e030236
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030236] [PMID: 31748290]
[5]
Stephenson J, Heslehurst N, Hall J, et al. Before the beginning: nutrition and lifestyle in the precon-ception period and its importance for future health. Lancet 2018; 391(10132): 1830-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30311-8] [PMID: 29673873]
[6]
Hill B, Skouteris H, Teede HJ, et al. Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Global Alli-ance: International Network Preconception Research Priorities for the Prevention of Maternal Obesity and Related Pregnancy and Long-Term Complications. J Clin Med 2019; 8(12): 2119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122119] [PMID: 31810312]
[7]
Paz-Pascual C, Artieta-Pinedo I, Grandes G. ema.Q Group. Consensus on priorities in maternal educa-tion: results of Delphi and nominal group technique approaches. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19(1): 264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2382-8] [PMID: 31340770]
[8]
Soltani H, Smith D, Olander E. Weight, Lifestyle, and Health during Pregnancy and Beyond. J Pregnancy 2017; 20174981283
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4981283] [PMID: 28203461]
[9]
Dodd JM, Deussen AR, Louise J. A Randomised Trial to Optimise Gestational Weight Gain and Im-prove Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes through Antenatal Dietary, Lifestyle and Exercise Ad-vice: The OPTIMISE Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11(12): 2911.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122911] [PMID: 31810217]
[10]
Jardí C, Aparicio E, Bedmar C, et al. Food consumption during pregnancy and post-partum. ECLIP-SES study. Nutrients 2019; 11(10): 1-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102447] [PMID: 31615024]
[11]
Ramakrishnan U, Imhoff-Kunsch B, Martorell R. Maternal Nutrition Interventions to Improve Ma-ternal, Newborn, and Child Health Outcomes. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser S Karger AG 2014; pp. 71-80.
[12]
Dunford AR, Sangster JM. Maternal and paternal periconceptional nutrition as an indicator of off-spring metabolic syndrome risk in later life through epigenetic imprinting: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11(Suppl. 2): S655-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2017.04.021] [PMID: 28533070]
[13]
Rogozińska E, Marlin N, Jackson L, et al. Effects of antenatal diet and physical activity on maternal and fetal outcomes: individual patient data meta-analysis and health economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2017; 21(41): 1-158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta21410] [PMID: 28795682]
[14]
Muktabhant B, Lawrie TA, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M. Diet or exercise, or both, for preventing excessive weight gain in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 6(6)CD007145
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007145.pub3] [PMID: 26068707]
[15]
Grivell RM, Yelland LN, Deussen A, Crowther CA, Dodd JM. Antenatal dietary and lifestyle advice for women who are overweight or obese and the effect on fetal growth and adiposity: the LIMIT ran-domised trial. BJOG 2016; 123(2): 233-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.13777] [PMID: 26841216]
[16]
Poston L, Bell R, Croker H, et al. UPBEAT Trial Consortium. Effect of a behavioural intervention in obese pregnant women (the UPBEAT study): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3(10): 767-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00227-2] [PMID: 26165396]
[17]
Godfrey KM, Cutfield W, Chan S-Y, Baker PN, Chong Y-S. NiPPeR Study Group. Nutritional Intervention Preconception and During Pregnancy to Maintain Healthy Glucose Metabolism and Offspring Health “NiPPeR”: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18(1): 131.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-1875-x] [PMID: 28320484]
[18]
Kunath J, Günther J, Rauh K, et al. Effects of a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in routine care - the cluster-randomised GeliS trial. BMC Med 2019; 17(1): 5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1235-z] [PMID: 30636636]
[19]
Simmons D, Devlieger R, van Assche A, et al. Effect of physical activity and/or healthy eating ongdm risk: The dali lifestyle study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102(3): 903-13.
[PMID: 27935767]
[20]
Radin RG, Hatch EE, Rothman KJ, et al. Active and passive smoking and fecundability in Danish pregnancy planners. Fertil Steril 2014; 102(1): 183-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.018] [PMID: 24746741]
[21]
Jakab Z. Smoking and pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2010; 89(4): 416-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016341003732349] [PMID: 20367425]
[22]
World Health Organization. WHO recommendations for the prevention and management of tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in pregnancy. WHO Libr Cat Data 2013; pp. 1-104.
[23]
Gustavson K, Ystrom E, Stoltenberg C, et al. Smoking in pregnancy and child ADHD. Pediatrics 2017; 139(2)e20162509
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2509] [PMID: 28138005]
[24]
Oyelese Y, Smulian JC. Placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa. Obstet Gynecol 2006; 107(4): 927-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000207559.15715.98] [PMID: 16582134]
[25]
Cnattingius S. The epidemiology of smoking during pregnancy: smoking prevalence, maternal char-acteristics, and pregnancy outcomes. Nicotine Tob Res 2004; 6(Suppl. 2): S125-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200410001669187] [PMID: 15203816]
[26]
Harju M, Keski-Nisula L, Georgiadis L, Heinonen S. Parental smoking and cessation during preg-nancy and the risk of childhood asthma. BMC Public Health 2016; 16: 428.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3029-6] [PMID: 27220514]
[27]
Dunkel Schetter C, Tanner L. Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2012; 25(2): 141-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503680] [PMID: 22262028]
[28]
Gdańska P, Drozdowicz-Jastrzębska E, Grzechocińska B, Radziwon-Zaleska M, Węgrzyn P, Wielgoś M. Anxiety and depression in women undergoing infertility treatment. Ginekol Pol 2017; 88(2): 109-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/GP.a2017.0019] [PMID: 28326521]
[29]
Sanaati F, Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi S, Farrokh Eslamlo H, Mirghafourvand M, Alizadeh Sharajabad F. The effect of lifestyle-based education to women and their husbands on the anxiety and depression during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 30(7): 870-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2016.1190821] [PMID: 27186630]
[30]
Berti C, Cetin I, Agostoni C, et al. Pregnancy and Infants’ Outcome: Nutritional and Metabolic Im-plications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56(1): 82-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.745477] [PMID: 24628089]
[31]
Adair LS. Long-term consequences of nutrition and growth in early childhood and possible preven-tive interventions. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser 2014; 78: 111-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000354949] [PMID: 24504211]
[32]
Bravi F, Wiens F, Decarli A, Dal Pont A, Agostoni C, Ferraroni M. Impact of maternal nutrition on breast-milk composition: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104(3): 646-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120881] [PMID: 27534637]
[33]
Marangoni F, Cetin I, Verduci E, et al. Maternal diet and nutrient requirements in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Nutrients 2016; 8(10): 629.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8100629] [PMID: 27754423]
[34]
Elango R, Ball RO. Protein and Amino Acid Requirements during Pregnancy. Adv Nutr 2016; 7(4): 839S-44S.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.115.011817] [PMID: 27422521]
[35]
Ota E, Hori H, Mori R, Tobe-Gai R, Farrar D. Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015(6)CD000032
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000032.pub3] [PMID: 26031211]
[36]
Schaafsma G. Advantages and limitations of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) as a method for evaluating protein quality in human diets. Br J Nutr 2012; 108(Suppl. 2): S333-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512002541] [PMID: 23107546]
[37]
Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition. Report of an FAQ Expert Consultation. FAO Food Nutr Pap 2013; 92: 1-66.
[PMID: 26369006]
[38]
Lonnie M, Hooker E, Brunstrom JM, et al. Protein for life: Review of optimal protein intake, sustain-able dietary sources and the effect on appetite in ageing adults. Nutrients 2018; 10(3): 1-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10030360] [PMID: 29547523]
[39]
Lauritzen L, Brambilla P, Mazzocchi A, Harsløf LB, Ciappolino V, Agostoni C. DHA effects in brain development and function. Nutrients 2016; 8(1): 6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8010006] [PMID: 26742060]
[40]
Saccone G, Berghella V. Omega-3 supplementation to prevent recurrent preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213(2): 135-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.013] [PMID: 25757636]
[41]
Herrera E. Implications of dietary fatty acids during pregnancy on placental, fetal and postnatal de-velopment--a review. Placenta 2002; 23(Suppl. A): S9-S19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/plac.2002.0771] [PMID: 11978055]
[42]
Mennitti LV, Oliveira JL, Morais CA, et al. Type of fatty acids in maternal diets during pregnancy and/or lactation and metabolic consequences of the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26(2): 99-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.001] [PMID: 25459884]
[43]
Brouns F, Bjorck I, Frayn KN, et al. Glycaemic index methodology. Nutr Res Rev 2005; 18(1): 145-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/NRR2005100] [PMID: 19079901]
[44]
Mousa A, Naqash A, Lim S. Macronutrient and micronutrient intake during pregnancy: An overview of recent evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11(2): 1-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020443] [PMID: 30791647]
[45]
Hsu C-N, Lin Y-J, Hou C-Y, Tain Y-L. Maternal administration of probiotic or prebiotic prevents male adult rat offspring against developmental programming of hypertension induced by high fructose consumption in pregnancy and lactation. Nutrients 2018; 10(9): 1229.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091229] [PMID: 30181501]
[46]
Ahmed H, Hannan JL, Apolzan JW, et al. A free-choice high-fat, high-sucrose diet induces hyper-phagia, obesity, and cardiovascular dysfunction in female cycling and pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316(5): R472-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00391.2018] [PMID: 30758976]
[47]
Wright LS, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Litonjua AA, Gold DR. Prenatal and early life fructose, fruc-tose-containing beverages, and midchildhood asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 15(2): 217-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201707-530OC] [PMID: 29219619]
[48]
Dale MTG, Magnus P, Leirgul E, et al. Intake of sucrose-sweetened soft beverages during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring: a Norwegian pregnancy cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34(4): 383-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00480-y] [PMID: 30661159]
[49]
Koletzko B, Bauer CP, Bung P, et al. German national consensus recommendations on nutrition and lifestyle in pregnancy by the ‘Healthy Start - Young Family Network’. Ann Nutr Metab 2013; 63(4): 311-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000358398] [PMID: 24514069]
[50]
Khambalia AZ, Collins CE, Roberts CL, et al. Iron deficiency in early pregnancy using serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor concentrations are associated with pregnancy and birth outcomes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70(3): 358-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2015.157] [PMID: 26373962]
[51]
Alwan NA, Cade JE, McArdle HJ, Greenwood DC, Hayes HE, Simpson NAB. Maternal iron status in early pregnancy and birth outcomes: insights from the Baby’s vascular health and iron in pregnancy study. Br J Nutr 2015; 113(12): 1985-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515001166] [PMID: 25946517]
[52]
Khaing W, Vallibhakara SAO, Tantrakul V, et al. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation for pre-vention of preeclampsia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9(10): 1-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9101141] [PMID: 29057843]
[53]
Hofmeyr GJ, Lawrie TA, Atallah ÁN, Duley L, Torloni MR. Calcium supplementation during preg-nancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 201414651858
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001059.pub4]
[54]
Hoey L, McNulty H, Duffy ME, Hughes CF, Strain JJ. EURRECA-Estimating folate requirements for deriving dietary reference values. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53(10): 1041-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.742858] [PMID: 23952086]
[55]
Cawley S, Mullaney L, McKeating A, Farren M, McCartney D, Turner MJ. A review of European guidelines on periconceptional folic acid supplementation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70(2): 143-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2015.131] [PMID: 26350391]
[56]
Fekete K, Berti C, Trovato M, et al. Effect of folate intake on health outcomes in pregnancy: a sys-tematic review and meta-analysis on birth weight, placental weight and length of gestation. Nutr J 2012; 11: 75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-75] [PMID: 22992251]
[57]
Zielińska MA, Wesołowska A, Pawlus B, Hamułka J. Health effects of carotenoids during pregnancy and lactation. Nutrients 2017; 9(8): 838.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9080838] [PMID: 28777356]
[58]
Thoene M, Anderson-Berry A, Van Ormer M, et al. Quantification of lutein + zeaxanthin presence in human placenta and correlations with blood levels and maternal dietary intake. Nutrients 2019; 11(1): 134.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010134] [PMID: 30634589]
[59]
Lipkie TE, Morrow AL, Jouni ZE, McMahon RJ, Ferruzzi MG. Longitudinal survey of carotenoids in human milk from urban cohorts in China, Mexico, and the USA. PLoS One 2015; 10(6)e0127729
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127729] [PMID: 26061885]
[60]
Lai JS, Veetil VO, Lanca C, et al. Maternal lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in relation to off-spring visual acuity at 3 years of age: The GUSTO study. Nutrients 2020; 12(2): 274.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020274] [PMID: 31972973]
[61]
Hayman M, Brown W. Exercise in pregnancy and the postpartum period: new position statement. Sports Health 2016; 34: 10-7.
[62]
Harrison CL, Brown WJ, Hayman M, Moran LJ, Redman LM. The role of physical activity in pre-conception, pregnancy and postpartum health. Semin Reprod Med 2016; 34(2): e28-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1583530] [PMID: 27169984]
[63]
Nascimento SL, Surita FG, Cecatti JG. Physical exercise during pregnancy: a systematic review. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2012; 24(6): 387-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0b013e328359f131] [PMID: 23014142]
[64]
Chan CWH, Au Yeung E, Law BMH. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions on pregnancy-related outcomes among pregnant women: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16(10): 1840.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101840] [PMID: 31126153]
[65]
Badon SE, Littman AJ, Chan KCG, et al. Physical activity and epigenetic biomarkers in maternal blood during pregnancy. Epigenomics 2018; 10(11): 1383-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2017-0169] [PMID: 30324807]
[66]
Dipietro L, Evenson KR, Bloodgood B, et al. Benefits of physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum: an umbrella review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51(6): 1292-302.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001941] [PMID: 31095086]
[67]
Schuch F, Vancampfort D, Firth J, et al. Physical activity and sedentary behavior in people with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 210: 139-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.050] [PMID: 28033521]
[68]
Nakamura A, van der Waerden J, Melchior M, Bolze C, El-Khoury F, Pryor L. Physical activity dur-ing pregnancy and postpartum depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 246: 29-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.009] [PMID: 30576955]
[69]
Nguyen PTH, Binns CW, Nguyen CL, et al. Physical activity during pregnancy is associated with improved breastfeeding outcomes: a prospective cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16(10): 1740.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101740] [PMID: 31100948]
[70]
Krzepota J, Sadowska D, Biernat E. Relationships between physical activity and quality of life in pregnant women in the second and third trimester. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15(12): 2745.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122745] [PMID: 30563083]
[71]
Garland M, Wilbur J, Semanik P, Fogg L. Correlates of physical activity during pregnancy: a system-atic review with implications for evidence-based practice. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2019; 16(4): 310-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12391] [PMID: 31313491]
[72]
Rao M, Zeng Z, Tang L. Maternal physical activity before IVF/ICSI cycles improves clinical preg-nancy rate and live birth rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16(1): 11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0328-z] [PMID: 29415732]
[73]
Cannon S, Lastella M, Vincze L, Vandelanotte C, Hayman M. A review of pregnancy information on nutrition, physical activity and sleep websites. Women Birth 2020; 33(1): 35-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.12.007] [PMID: 30905558]
[74]
Mlodzik N, Lukaszuk K, Sieg W, Jakiel G, Smolarczyk R. Endometrial microbiota - do they mean more than we have expected? Ginekol Pol 2020; 91(1): 45-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/GP.2020.0010] [PMID: 32039468]
[75]
Mesa MD, Loureiro B, Iglesia I, et al. The evolving microbiome from pregnancy to early infancy: a comprehensive review. Nutrients 2020; 12(1): 133.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010133] [PMID: 31906588]
[76]
Martin AM, Sun EW, Rogers GB, Keating DJ. The influence of the gut microbiome on host metabo-lism through the regulation of gut hormone release. Front Physiol 2019; 10: 428.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00428] [PMID: 31057420]
[77]
Neuman H, Koren O. The pregnancy microbiome. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop 2017. 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000455207]
[78]
Fujiwara N, Tsuruda K, Iwamoto Y, et al. Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women. J Investig Clin Dent 2017; 8(1)e12189
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12189] [PMID: 26345599]
[79]
Gosalbes MJ, Compte J, Moriano-Gutierrez S, et al. Metabolic adaptation in the human gut microbiota during pregnancy and the first year of life. EBioMedicine 2019; 39: 497-509.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.071] [PMID: 30415891]
[80]
Kroon SJ, Ravel J, Huston WM. Cervicovaginal microbiota, women’s health, and reproductive out-comes. Fertil Steril 2018; 110(3): 327-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.06.036] [PMID: 30098679]
[81]
Perez-Muñoz ME, Arrieta M-C, Ramer-Tait AE, Walter J. A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome. Microbiome 2017; 5(1): 48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0268-4] [PMID: 28454555]
[82]
Robertson RC, Manges AR, Finlay BB, Prendergast AJ. The human microbiome and child growth - first 1000 days and beyond. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27(2): 131-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2018.09.008] [PMID: 30529020]
[83]
Davani-Davari D, Negahdaripour M, Karimzadeh I, et al. Prebiotics: definition, types, sources, mechanisms, and clinical Applications. Foods 2019; 8(3): 92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8030092] [PMID: 30857316]
[84]
Sohn K, Underwood MA. Prenatal and postnatal administration of prebiotics and probiotics. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 22(5): 284-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2017.07.002] [PMID: 28720399]
[85]
Davis EC, Dinsmoor AM, Wang M, Donovan SM. Microbiome composition in pediatric populations from birth to adolescence: impact of diet and prebiotic and probiotic interventions. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65(3): 706-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06092-x] [PMID: 32002758]
[86]
Korczak R, Kamil A, Fleige L, Donovan SM, Slavin JL. Dietary fiber and digestive health in children. Nutr Rev 2017; 75(4): 241-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw068] [PMID: 28586481]
[87]
Calou CGP, de Oliveira MF, Carvalho FHC, et al. Maternal predictors related to quality of life in pregnant women in the northeast of Brazil. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16(1): 109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0917-8] [PMID: 29855338]
[88]
Sut HK, Asci O, Topac N. Sleep quality and health-related quality of life in pregnancy. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2016; 34(4): 302-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JPN.0000000000000181] [PMID: 27223099]
[89]
Dixon CL. Sleep deprivation & pregnancy related risks. Int J Childbirth Educ 2014; 29: 62-5.
[90]
Mokhlesi S, Simbar M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Kariman N, Alavi Majd H. Quality of life questionnaire for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMQ-36): development and psychometric properties. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19(1): 454.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2614-y] [PMID: 31783733]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
89
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy