自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病的基因治疗方法：多发性硬化症

Title:Gene Therapy Approaches in an Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease: Multiple Sclerosis

Volume: 19 Issue: 6

关键词: 基因治疗，多发性硬化症，自身免疫性疾病，自身免疫性，脱髓鞘，实验性自身免疫性脑炎，神经变性。

摘要: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is a multifactorial disease which develops in an immune-mediated way under the influences of both genetic and environmental factors. Demyelination is observed in the brain and spinal cord leading to neuro-axonal damage in patients with MS. Due to the infiltration of different immune cells such as T-cells, B-cells, monocytes and macrophages, focal lesions are observed in MS. Currently available medications treating MS are mainly based on two strategies; i) to ease specific symptoms or ii) to reduce disease progression. However, these medications tend to induce different adverse effects with limited therapeutic efficacy due to the protective function of the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, researchers have been working for the last four decades to discover better solutions by introducing gene therapy approaches in treating MS generally by following three strategies, i) prevention of specific symptoms, ii) halt or reverse disease progression and iii) heal CNS damage by promoting remyelination and axonal repair. In last two decades, there have been some remarkable successes of gene therapy approaches on the experimental mice model of MS - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which suggests that it is not far that the gene therapy approaches would start in human subjects ensuring the highest levels of safety and efficacy. In this review, we summarised the gene therapy approaches attempted in different animal models towards treating MS.

Cite this article as:

Gene Therapy Approaches in an Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease: Multiple Sclerosis, Current Gene Therapy 2019; 19 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566523220666200306092556