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当代阿耳茨海默病研究

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ISSN (Print): 1567-2050
ISSN (Online): 1875-5828

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Review Article

小胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默氏病中

卷 17, 期 1, 2020

页: [29 - 43] 页: 15

弟呕挨: 10.2174/1567205017666200212155234

价格: $65

摘要

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病。尽管细胞外淀粉样蛋白-β（Aβ）和细胞内高磷酸化微管相关的tau蛋白聚集体一直被认为是AD的特征性神经病理学标志，但针对这些靶标的疾病改良疗法尚未成功。一个新兴的概念是小胶质细胞，即大脑的先天免疫细胞，是AD发病机理的主要参与者。小胶质细胞是长寿的组织驻留专业吞噬细胞，可对其微环境的变化进行调查并迅速做出反应。小胶质细胞亚群围绕Aβ斑块聚集，并采用与神经变性特别相关的转录组特征。与小胶质细胞功能和功能障碍相关的大量分子和途径已被确定为介导神经变性的重要参与者。但是，小胶质细胞在AD病理学中发挥有益作用还是有害作用可能取决于疾病阶段。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于小胶质细胞在AD中的阶段依赖性作用的当前知识，包括来自遗传和基因表达谱研究以及针对小胶质细胞在人类AD病理学和AD小鼠模型中的新型成像技术的最新见解。

关键词: 小胶质细胞，阿尔茨海默氏病，遗传学，转录组学，神经原纤维缠结，Aβ斑块。

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