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Review Article

外泌体与肺癌:在病理生理学、诊断和治疗应用中的作用

卷 28, 期 2, 2021

发表于: 04 February, 2020

页: [308 - 328] 页: 21

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867327666200204141952

价格: $65

摘要

肺癌是一种发病率和死亡率高的恶性肿瘤，患者存活率低，预后差。治疗这种癌症的治疗方法，包括放疗和化疗，都不是特别有效，部分原因是诊断较晚。因此，寻找新的诊断和预后工具是一个关键的问题。新的生物标志物，如外泌体，可以被认为是恶性肿瘤，特别是肺癌的潜在诊断工具。外泌体是纳米囊泡，与不同的生理和病理条件有关。研究表明，这些颗粒从许多细胞中释放出来，比如癌细胞、免疫细胞，在某种程度上也包括正常细胞。外泌体可以通过细胞间转运转运物(如DNA、mRNA、长链非编码RA、microRNA和蛋白质)改变靶细胞的行为。因此，这些载体可能在各种生理和病理条件下发挥关键作用。目前对肺癌发病机制的认识表明外泌体是这种癌症发病机制中的关键角色。因此，这些纳米囊泡及其产物可作为肺癌治疗中新的诊断、预后和治疗性生物标志物。除了外泌体的诊断作用，外泌体作为药物传递系统和癌症疫苗的应用也在研究中。本文就外泌体在肺癌诊断和致病功能方面的研究进展作一综述。

关键词: 外泌体，肺癌，诊断性生物标志物，MicroRNAs，药物输送载体，癌症疫苗。

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