摘要
纳米系统携带的单克隆抗体已被广泛研究和报道,作为一种有希望的工具,治疗各种类型的癌症。单克隆抗体在治疗癌症方面具有很大的优势,因为其蛋白结构可以与靶组织结合;然而,它也存在一些挑战,如高温后的变性,pH、温度和溶剂的极值,水解、氧化和脱氨的能力,以及非天然聚集物的形成,在很大程度上影响药物的稳定性。除了这些特性外,它们在血液中会迅速消除,导致半衰期短,产生中和抗体,使剂量无效。这些挑战通过纳米体系(脂质体、聚合物纳米颗粒、环糊精、固体脂质纳米颗粒、纳米脂质载体、树枝状大分子和胶束)的封装而得以克服,因为它们具有改善溶解度、渗透性和仅对肿瘤组织具有选择性的特性;从而减少了药物控制释放以外的副作用,这对提高癌症治疗的疗效至关重要。本文对不同类型的纳米系统进行了分类,并对它们的定义和在不同类型癌症中的应用进行了描述。因此,本文综述了纳米系统封装单克隆抗体的应用以及生物仿制药的临床研究。生物仿制药是指单克隆抗体专利到期后生产的与单克隆抗体类似的产品。
关键词: 纳米药物输送系统,生物制药,癌症治疗,生物仿制药,抗体,新疗法。
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