摘要
背景:表观遗传机制改变基因表达和调节重要的细胞过程,有助于主要牙科疾病的发生和进展。它们的可逆性可能有助于靶向治疗。本文就口腔鳞状细胞癌、牙髓炎、牙周炎、龋齿和先天性口面畸形的表观遗传学变化进行综述,以寻找潜在的治疗靶点。 方法:我们进行了一个结构化的检索书目数据库(PubMed和MEDLINE),为同行评议的表观遗传学研究,重点关注口腔疾病在过去十年。对筛选后的论文进行了定性内容分析,并对主要发现进行了批判性讨论。 结果:一些表观遗传修饰与OSCC的发病机制有关,包括参与DNA修复、细胞周期调控和增殖的基因启动子甲基化导致恶性转化。此外,肿瘤抑制基因的表观遗传失活、组蛋白伴侣和几种microrna的过表达与OSCC的侵袭性有关。研究人员在牙髓炎中检测到IFN-γ甲基化模式和组蛋白的三甲基化反应,同时检测到一些microrna的异常表达,这些microrna主要影响细胞因子的产生。慢性牙周病与toll样受体2、前列腺素合成酶2、E-cadherin和一些炎症细胞因子的甲基化模式修饰以及miR-146a和miR155的过表达有关。此外,DNA甲基化被发现调节角膜形成,并牵涉到龋的发病机制以及一些先天性口面部畸形。 结论:强有力的证据表明,表观遗传学改变参与口腔疾病的发病机制,表观遗传学靶向可作为目前口腔健康管理的补充治疗方案。
关键词: 表观遗传学,口腔疾病,口腔鳞癌,牙周炎,DNA甲基化,龋齿
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