摘要
量子点(QDs)的直径通常被限制在10纳米,由于其独特的光学特性,这被归因于量子限制,已经引起了研究人员的兴趣。半导体纳米晶体在早期作为发光二极管材料应用于电气工业之后,在临床诊断和生物医学应用方面继续显示出巨大的潜力。传统的量子点合成的物理和化学途径通常需要苛刻的条件和危险的试剂,当这些产品进入生理环境时,由于有机盖配体,它们会遇到非亲水性问题。然后利用生物,特别是微生物的自然还原能力,从现有的金属前体中制备量子点。由于蛋白质包覆量子点具有良好的生物相容性,低成本和生态友好的生物合成方法具有进一步生物医学应用的潜力。表面生物质能提供许多结合位点来修饰物质或靶向配体,从而通过简单高效的操作实现多种功能。生物合成量子点具有与化学量子点类似的发光特性,可以作为生物成像和生物标记剂。此外,在抗菌活性、金属离子检测和生物修复等方面也进行了广泛的研究。因此,本文详细介绍了生物合成量子点在生物医学应用方面的最新进展,并尽可能清楚地阐明了这些原理。
关键词: 量子点,生物合成,生物相容性,生物医学应用,光电化学,生物成像,微生物
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