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ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

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Review Article

Pharmacological Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome Based on Synaptic Dysfunction

Author(s): Michael Telias*

Volume 25, Issue 41, 2019

Page: [4394 - 4404] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191102165206

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of monogenic hereditary cognitive impairment, including intellectual disability, autism, hyperactivity, and epilepsy.

Methods: This article reviews the literature pertaining to the role of synaptic dysfunction in FXS.

Results: In FXS, synaptic dysfunction alters the excitation-inhibition ratio, dysregulating molecular and cellular processes underlying cognition, learning, memory, and social behavior. Decades of research have yielded important hypotheses that could explain, at least in part, the development of these neurological disorders in FXS patients. However, the main goal of translating lab research in animal models to pharmacological treatments in the clinic has been so far largely unsuccessful, leaving FXS a still incurable disease.

Conclusion: In this concise review, we summarize and analyze the main hypotheses proposed to explain synaptic dysregulation in FXS, by reviewing the scientific evidence that led to pharmaceutical clinical trials and their outcome.

Keywords: Synaptic plasticity, fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, mouse models, animal models, human pluripotent stem cells, pharmacotherapy, clinical trial, drug candidate.

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