Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2666-2558
ISSN (Online): 2666-2566

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Transaction Scheduling Heuristics in Mobile Distributed Real Time Database System

Author(s): Prakash Kumar Singh* and Udai Shanker

Volume 13, Issue 4, 2020

Page: [758 - 770] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/2213275912666190809120654

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Today's widely used small and portable mobile database technologies have geared toward the mobile distributed real-time database systems (MDRTDBS).Various real time applications like mobile devices, missile systems, navigation control systems, satellites and many others are some examples of MDRTDBS. In the new era of technology, a large domain of applications are based on MDRTDBS, meanwhile different intrinsic limitation like disconnection and mobility typically effect on its correct execution. Mobile distributed real-time systems have different wireless constrained such like energy, processing capacity, memory storage facilities and variable network communication channels. In last few years, different applications run on different mobile nodes needed a suitable transaction mechanism to complete their service without failing its deadline. In recent years researchers focused on MDRTDBS, to develop a suitable concurrency control, commit control method. Replication, check pointing, security, caching and query processing are some other hot research topics in the field of MDRTDBS.

Objective: it is needed to maintain data consistency and correct results in mobile distributed real time database system. In our review we have identified key issues which might be considered for development of various transaction executing protocols. We have Introduce a taxonomy of different CC, commit, replication and security issues, which could be advantageous for design, and development of transaction protocols.

Method: In the review we have discussed various concurrency, commit, replication methods. Apart from these we have discussed various check pointing, caching and query techniques which is developed in database system. A comparison among various concurrency and commit protocols has been done in the review. The role of different key methods which can affect and help the transaction execution in wireless environment is discussed separately in the paper.

Results: Analytical results are not mentioned in the review paper. However the role and affect on the transaction execution are mentioned clearly. Issues and their advantages of different concurrency and commit protocols are mentioned.

Conclusion: It is found that transaction processing is still a challenging area of research. A number of issues has been discussed and reviewed various approaches to control concurrency control and atomicity methods. We have presented a detailed survey and classification of various issues based on commit, concurrency, and replication methods for MTDRTDBS. However, in the paper different security, caching and query processing and check pointing issues has been also discussed which should be considered for future work. Database researchers have needed to integrate these issues with their work and develop a suitable protocol.

Keywords: Real time, mobile, distributed real-time database system, heuristic, scheduling, concurrency control, optimistic.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
R.K. Abbott, and H.G. Molina, "Scheduling real time transactions: a performance evaluation", ACM Trans. Database Syst., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 513-560, 1992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/132271.132276]
[2]
J.R. Haritsa, M.J. Carey, and M. Livny, "Data access scheduling in firm real-time database systems", J. Real-Time Systems, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 203-242, 1992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365312]
[3]
K.Y. Lam, V.C.S. Lee, S.L. Hung, and B.C.M. Kao, "Priority assignment in distributed real-time databases using optimistic concurrency control", In ; IEEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques , vol. 144 , Issue 5, 1997,, pp. 324 - 330.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cdt:19971496]
[4]
V.C.S. Lee, K.Y. Lam, B.C.M. Kao, K.W. Lam, and S.L. Hung, "Priority assignment for sub-transaction in distributed real-time databases", In , First Int. Workshop on Real-Time Database Systems, 1996, pp. 95-102.
[5]
K.Y. Lam, "Concurrency control in distributed real-time database systems", Ph.D. Thesis, City university of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, , 1994.
[6]
U. Shanker, M. Misra, and A.K. Sarje, "Distributed real time database systems: Background and literature review", Int. J. Distributed and Parallel Databases .Springer- Verlag, ; vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 127- 149, 2008.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10619-008-7024-5]
[7]
O. Ulusoy, "Analysis of concurrency control protocol for real time database system", Info. Sci., vol. 111, no. 1-4, pp. 19-47, 1998.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-0255(97)10036-6]
[8]
U. Shanker, M. Misra, and A.K. Sarje, "Priority assignment heuristic to cohorts executing in parallel", In , Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Computers, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS), 2005, pp. 1-6.
[9]
R. Harding, D.V. Aken, A. Pavlo, and M. Stonebraker, "An evaluation of distributed concurrency control", In , Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 10, vol. 5, 2017, pp. 553-564.
[10]
P. Bailis, E. Gan, S. Madden, D. Narayanan, K. Rong, and S. Suri, "Macrobase: Prioritizing attention in fast data", In , Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Conference on Management of Data, 2017, pp. 541-556
[11]
P.K. Singh, and U. Shanker, "Priority heuristic in mobile distributed real time database using optimistic concurrency control", In , 23rd ADCOM , pp. 44-49. 2017.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ADCOM.2017.00014]
[12]
P.K. Singh, and U. Shanker, "A new priority heuristic policy in mobile distributed real time database system", In , International Conference on Distributed Computing and Internet Technology, 2018, pp. 330-335.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72344-0_29]
[13]
P.K. Singh, and U. Shanker, "A priority heuristic policy in mobile distributed real-time database system", Advan. Data Info. Sci..Springer: Singapore, , 2018, pp. 211-221 L.
[14]
X. Lei, Y. Zhao, S. Chen, and X. Yuan, "Concurrency control in mobile distributed real-time database systems", J. Parallel Distrib. Comput., vol. 69, pp. 866-876, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2009.06.008]
[15]
V.C.S. Lee, K.W. Lam, and S.H. Son, "Real-time transaction processing with partial validation at mobile clients", In , Proceedings of Seventh International Conference IEEE, 2000,pp. 473-477.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/RTCSA.2000.896429]
[16]
V.C.S. Lee, K.W. Lam, S.H. Son, and E.Y.M. Chan, "On transaction processing with partial validation and timestamp ordering in mobile broadcast environments", J. IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 1196-1211, 2002.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.2002.1039845]
[17]
V.C.S. Lee, K.W. Lam, and T.W. Kuo, "Efficient validation of mobile transactions in wireless environments", J. Syst. Softw., vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 183-193, 2004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(03)00084-0]
[18]
K.Y. Lam, T.W. Kuo, W.H. Tsang, and G.C.K. Law, "Concurrency control in mobile distributed real-time database", J. Inf. Syst., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 261-286, 2000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4379(00)00018-1]
[19]
S. Park, and S. Jung, "An energy-efficient mobile transaction processing method using random back-off in wireless broadcast environments", J. Syst. Softw., vol. 82, . Issue 12, pp. 2012- 2022, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.06.053]
[20]
S.Y. Hwang, "On optimistic methods for mobile transactions", J. Inf. Sci. Eng., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 535-554, 2000.
[21]
P.A. Bernstein, and N. Goodman, "Multiversion concurrency control-Theory and algorithms", ACM Trans. Database Syst., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 465-483, 1983.
[22]
J. Lindstrom, "Optimistic concurrency control methods in real time database systems", Lincentiate Thesis, Series of publications C, Report C-2001-9 .Helsinki, , 2001.
[23]
A. Adya, R. Gruber, B. Liskov, and U. Maheshwari, "efficient optimistic concurrency control using loosely synchronized clocks", In , Proceedings of the. ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data , vol. 24, . 1995, pp. 23-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/568271.223787]
[24]
R. Peng, "Joint routing and aborting optimization of cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles", Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., vol. 177, pp. 131-137, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2018.05.004]
[25]
G. Li, C. Deng, J. Li, Q. Zhou, and W. Wei, "Deadline and period assignment for update transactions in co-scheduling environment", IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 1119-1131, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TC.2016.2645205]
[26]
Q. Han, H. Pan, and G. Yin, "A concurrency control algorithm access to temporal data in real-time database systems." ,In , 2008 International Multi-symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences., IEEE, 2008, pp. 168-171.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IMSCCS.2008.28]
[27]
Y.H. Chiang, A.H. Doan, and J.F. Naughton, "Tracking entities in the dynamic world: a fast algorithm for matching temporal records", J. Proc. VLDB Endowment, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 469-480, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/2732279.2732284]
[28]
M. Xiong, R. Sivasankaran, J.A. Stankovic, K. Ramamritham, and D. Towsley, "Scheduling transactions with temporal constraints: exploiting data semantics", 17th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1996, pp. 240-251
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/REAL.1996.563721]
[29]
W. Fan, "Data Quality: From theory to practice"RCBD Newsletter, ACM SIGMOD Record archive , vol. 44. no. 3, . pp. 7-18, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2854006.2854008]
[30]
G. Ozsoyoglu, and R.T. Snodgrass, "Temporal and real-time databases: A survey", IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 513-532, 1995.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/69.404027]
[31]
P. Li, X.L. Dong, A. Maurino, and D. Srivastava, "Linking temporal records", In , Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 4, no. 11, 2011, pp. 956-967, .
[32]
K. Ramamritham, "Real-time databases", Distrib. Parallel Databases, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 199-226, 1993.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01264051]
[33]
H. Pang, M. Livny, and M.J. Carey, "Transition scheduling in multiclass real-time database systems", In , Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1992, pp. 23-34
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/REAL.1992.242679]
[34]
Y.W. Chen, and L. Gruenwald, "Effects of deadline propagation on scheduling nested transactions in distributed real-time database systems", Inf. Syst., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 103-124, 1996.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4379(96)00006-3]
[35]
B. Qin, and Y. Liu, “High performance distributed real time commit protocol”, J. Systems and Software., Elsevier Science Inc., . pp. 1-8, 2003.
[36]
E. Pitoura, and P.K. Chrysanthis, "Scalable processing of read-only transactions in broadcast push", In , Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing System, 1999, pp. 432-439
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS.1999.776545]
[37]
G. Herman, K.C. Lee, and A. Weinrib, "The data cycle architecture for very high throughput database systems", In , Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Record, vol. 16, 1987, pp. 97-103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/38714.38729]
[38]
J. Shanmugasundaram, A. Nithrakashyap, R. Sivasankaran, and K. Ramamritham, "Efficient concurrency control for broadcast environments", SIGMOD Rec., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 85-96, 1999.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/304181.304190]
[39]
Q. Han, H. Pan, and G. Yin, "A concurrency control algorithm access to temporal data in real-time database systems."In 2008 International Multi-symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences., IEEE, 2008, pp. 168-171.
[40]
J. Gray, "Notes on database operating systems."Operating Systems: An Advanced Course..Lecture Notes in Computer Science; Springer Verlag, Vol. 60, pp. 397– 405, 1978.
[41]
Reference Available from, http://www.notebookreview.com/notebookreview/lenovo-thinkpad- t400s-review/
[42]
Z. Xing, "Le gruenwald managing concurrent execution of transactions"In: , Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Database Systems: An Energy- Efficient Approach Journal Distributed and Parallel Databases, vol. 31. no. 2, pp. 183-230.
[43]
T. Szalapski, and S. Madria, "On compressing data in wireless sensor networks for energy efficiency and real time delivery", Distributed and Parallel Databases, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 151-182, 2013.
[44]
L. Gruenwald, and S.M. Banik, "Energy efficient transaction management for real-time mobile databases in ad-hoc network environments mobile data management"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.,, vol. 1987. . pp. 287-288, 2001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44498-X_31]
[45]
N. Sklavos, and K. Touliou, "Power consumption in wireless networks: techniques & optimizations",
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EURCON.2007.4400647]
[46]
U. Shanker, "M. Misra, A. K. Sarje, “SWIFT: A new real time commit protocol", Distrib. Parallel Databases, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 29-56, 2006.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10619-006-8594-8]
[47]
B. Kao, and H.G. Molina, "Deadline assignment in a distributed soft real-time system", In , Proc. 13th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 1993,pp. 428-437.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS.1993.287682]
[48]
X. Lei, Y. Zhao, S. Chen, and X. Yuan, "A multiversion optimistic concurrency control protocol in mobile broadcast environments", Int. J. Comput. Appl., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 261-266, 2010.
[49]
P.G.K. Zipf, "Human behavior and the principle of least effort.", Addison- Wesley: Massachusetts, 1949.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
4
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy