Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2210-6812
ISSN (Online): 2210-6820

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Evaluating the Performance of Carbon in Water Filters Preparation from Porcelanites and Studying the Properties of Water Passing through a Filter

Author(s): Enas M. Hadi* and Safa L. Jasim

Volume 10, Issue 6, 2020

Page: [876 - 883] Pages: 8

DOI: 10.2174/2210681209666190809102004

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: In this study, ceramic water filter was prepared from Iraqi Local porcelanite and White Kaolin with the ratio of 10% as a binder with natural additives “wheat flakes.” Ratios 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%.

Methods: These materials are formed then fairing at 1200°C. The filters are environmentally familiar materials and harmless. Carbon was included to some prepared filters by thermally being treated at 950°C in the carbonation box to improve the performance and efficiency. After the filter is prepared, an assessment was carried out (apparent porosity, water absorption, permeability, and apparent density).

Results: From the direct results, the apparent porosity, water absorption, and permeability were increased tremendously along with the increasing of the W.F., and the apparent density is typically decreased for the adaptive filter with or without carbon. The flowing water promptly passing through the adaptive filters was carefully evaluated by testes such as TSS, TDS, PH, and turbidity. The result was TSS in water, 6 mg/l, TSS in filter without carbon. 1 mg/l, TSS for filter with carbon was decreased to 0 mg/L. Turbidity (NTU) for water 1.9 NTU, Turbidity for filter without carbon was 0.71NUT, and Turbidity for the filters with carbon was decreased to 0.63 NUT. PH for water was 7.75 PH for filter without carbon was 7.68, PH for filter with carbon was decreased to 7.33.

Conclusion: Filters with carbon are better than the filter without carbon for removing potential contaminants from the filter without carbon. Desired results were properly obtained within the Iraqi standard for drinking water.

Keywords: Water Filter, filter with carbon, porcelanites, wheat flakes, carbonation, turbidity, total suspended solids, turbidity.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
WHO/UNICEF Meeting the MDG drinking water and sanitation target: A mid-term assessment of progress. Geneva and New York:; World Health Organization and UNICEF, 2010.
[2]
Onda, K.; LoBuglio, J.; Bartram, J. Water: Accounting for water quality and the resulting impact on MDG Progress. 2012.
[3]
Kosek, M.; Bern, C.; Guerrant, R.L. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull. World Health Organ., 2003, 81(3), 197-204.
[PMID: 12764516]
[4]
Sobsey, M.D.; Stauber, C.E.; Casanova, L.M.; Brown, J.M.; Elliott, M.A. Point of use household drinking water filtration: A practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42(12), 4261-4267.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es702746n] [PMID: 18605542]
[5]
ASM Handbook. Properties and selection: Iron, steel and high-performance alloys; ASM International: USA, 1990.
[6]
Bolton, M. Rural water filter. In:Good design—energy systems; Scientific Research: Chicago, 2009.
[7]
Brown, J.; Sobsey, M.; Proum, S. WSP field notes, improving household drinking water quality: Use of ceramic water filters in cambodia. Cambodia: WSP, UNICE, 2007, 1-44.
[8]
Ajayi, B.A.; Lamidi, Y.D. Formulation of ceramic water filter composition for the treatment of heavy metals and correction of physiochemical parameters in household water. Art Des. Rev., 2015, 3(4), 1.
[9]
Worrall, W.E. Ceramic raw materials, 2nd ed; Pergamon: UK, 1982, p. 61.
[10]
Boch, P.; Niepce, J.C. Materials; ISTE Ltd.: UK, 2007, pp. 227-361.
[11]
Water Analysis instruments. Measuring Suspended Solids in Water Wastewater. Thermo fisher Scientific, Application Note 02, 2016.
[12]
Dezuane, J. Handbook of drinking water quality, 2nd ed; Wiley: USA, 1997.
[13]
Ajayi, B.A.; Daniel, L.Y. Correction of physiochemical parameters in household water. Art Des. Rev., 2015, 3, 94-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/adr.2015.34013]
[14]
Suliman, E.M. Preparation of ceramic filter and study its efficiency on bacteria Thesis for The Degree of Master of Sciences in Physical Science, , 2017.
[15]
ASTM (C373-72). Water absorption, bulk density- apparent porosity of fired white ware product; ASTM International: USA, 1988.
[16]
Agbo, C.S.; Ekpunobi, E.U.; Onu, C.C.; Akpomie, K.G. Development of ceramic filter candle from NSU (Kaolinite Clay) for household water treatment. Int. J. Multidisciplin. Sci. Eng., 2015, 6(10), 1.
[17]
Aswad, M. Effects of sawdust and rice husk additives on physical properties of ceramic filter. J. Univ. Babylon Eng. Sci., 2018, 26(1), 1.
[18]
Nnaji, C.C.; Afangideh, B.C.; Ezeh, C. Performance evaluation of clay-sawdust composite filter for point of use water. Nigerian J. Technol., 2016, 35(4), 949-956.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v35i4.33]
[19]
Musa, K. Performance of ceramic water filters made from selected Uganda clays for point-of-use. Thesis of Masters of Science (Physics), Makerere University,, 2010.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
12
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy