Generic placeholder image

Current Analytical Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4110
ISSN (Online): 1875-6727

Research Article

Separation and Determination of the Enantiomeric Levamisole and Dexamisole in Equine Plasma Samples Using Chiral Polysaccharide Column/ LC-MS/MS

Author(s): Abdul Khader Karakka Kal*, Tajudheen K. Karatt , Moses Philip, Samir Meissir and Jahfar Nalakath

Volume 16, Issue 6, 2020

Page: [761 - 767] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190808103143

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Drug Enforcement Administration confirmed that many manufacturers began adding tetramisole or its individual isomers to cocaine as an adulterant, and believed that tetramisole may augment cocaine’s effects. In recent times, there is an increasing trend in the usage of tetramisole and its individual enantiomer in race sports especially in horse and camel races. So it’s is very much required to confirm the stereochemistry of this illicit drug in the routine race day samples coming to the anti-doping labs in order to avoid legal arguments and challenges to the analytical findings.

Methods: The aim of the study was to develop a simple, rapid and accurate method for the chiral separation and determination of enantiomeric mixtures of levamisole and dexamisole using Thermo Q-Exactive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer. In order to evaluate the suitability of the method for determining the enantiomeric purity of tetramisole, validation studies were also carried out by using equine plasma.

Results: The enantio-separation was achieved using the Lux i-cellulose-5 column. Isocratic flow was used with a 1:1 mixture of mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium acetate in water) and mobile phase B (acetonitrile), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The run time was 8.0 min, and the column temperature was 50°C. Dexamisole eluted at 5.94 min, and levamisole eluted at 6.62 min, giving the R-value of 1.50. The obtained inter-day precisions of dexamisole, levamisole were 3.16% and 2.85%, respectively. The accuracy of dexamisole was in the range of 97.78 to 102.44%, and that for levamisole was 99.16 to 102.82%. The limit of quantification value for both isomers in this method was 0.1 ng/ mL. The method was linear in the range of 0 to 50 ng/mL.

Conclusion: Chromatographic separation was achieved using the polysaccharide cellulose chiral column, and the reverse-phase separation approach was found to have the highest potential for successful chiral resolution in LC-MS. Linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, recovery, and the matrix effect in equine plasma were determined. Under the optimized conditions, the validated method can be applied for the identification and detection of the tetramisole enantiomers in different sources of illicit drugs of abuse.

Keywords: Chirality, dexamisole, equine plasma, HRMS, levamisole, reverse phase chiral, tetramisole.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Tracy, T.S.; Korzekwa, K.R.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Wainer, I.W. Cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in metabolism of the enantiomers of verapamil and norverapamil. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1999, 47(5), 545-552.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00923.x ] [PMID: 10336579]
[2]
Takahashi, H.; Echizen, H. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin elimination and its clinical implications. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2001, 40(8), 587-603.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200140080-00003 ] [PMID: 11523725]
[3]
Islam, M.R.; Mahdi, J.G.; Bowen, I.D. Pharmacological importance of stereochemical resolution of enantiomeric drugs. Drug Saf., 1997, 17(3), 149-165.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-199717030-00002 ] [PMID: 9306051]
[4]
Mehvar, R.; Reynolds, J.M.; Robinson, M.A.; Longstreth, J.A. Enantioselective kinetics of verapamil and norverapamil in isolated perfused rat livers. Pharm. Res., 1994, 11(12), 1815-1819.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018935921473] [PMID: 7899248]
[5]
Thienpont, D.; Vanparijs, O.F.; Raeymaekers, A.H.; Vandenberk, J.; Demoen, J.A.; Allewijn, F.T.; Marsboom, R.P.; Niemegeers, C.J.; Schellekens, K.H.; Janssen, P.A. Tetramisole (R 8299), a new, potent broad spectrum anthelmintic. Nature, 1966, 209(5028), 1084-1086.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2091084a0] [PMID: 5925183]
[6]
Vanhoutte, P.M.; Van Nueten, J.M.; Verbeuren, T.J.; Laduron, P.M. Differential effects of the isomers of tetramisole on adrenergic neurotransmission in cutaneous veins of dog. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1977, 200(1), 127-140.
[PMID: 189006]
[7]
Keiser, J.; Utzinger, J. Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 2008, 299(16), 1937-1948.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.16.1937] [PMID: 18430913]
[8]
Nowak, L.G.; Rosay, B.; Czégé, D.; Fonta, C. Tetramisole and levamisole suppress neuronal activity independently from their inhibitory action on tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase in mouse cortex. Subcell. Biochem., 2015, 76, 239-281.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7197-9_12] [PMID: 26219715]
[9]
Przegaliński, E.; Bigajska, K.; Siwanowicz, J. Psychopharmacological profile of dexamisole. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm., 1980, 32(1), 21-29.
[PMID: 7454609]
[10]
Broséus, J.; Gentile, N.; Esseiva, P. The cutting of cocaine and heroin: A critical review. Forensic Sci. Int., 2016, 262, 73-83.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.033] [PMID: 26974713]
[11]
Martello, S.; Pieri, M.; Ialongo, C.; Pignalosa, S.; Noce, G.; Vernich, F.; Russo, C.; Mineo, F.; Bernardini, S.; Marsella, L.T. Levamisole in illicit trafficking cocaine seized: A One-Year Study. J. Psychoactive Drugs, 2017, 49(5), 408-412.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2017.1361558 ] [PMID: 28813206]
[12]
Raymon, L.P.; Isenschmid, D.S. Letter to the editor: The possible role of levamisole in illicit cocaine preparations J. Anal. Toxicol., 2009, 33(9), 620-622..
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/33.9.620] [PMID: 20040138]
[13]
European Community. Council Directive 96/22/EC concerning the prohibition on the use in stock farming of certain substances having a hormonal or thyrostatic action and of ß-agonists. Eur. Commun.Off. J., 1996, 125, 3-9.https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31996L0022
[14]
Davis, E.; Loiacono, R.; Summers, R.J. The rush to adrenaline: Drugs in sport acting on the beta-adrenergic system. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2008, 154(3), 584-597.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjp.2008.164] [PMID: 18500380]
[15]
The World Anti-Doping Code. International Standard, the Prohibited List. 2015.https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/wada-2015-prohibited-list-en.pdf
[16]
Dolezˇalova´. M.; Tkaczykova´, M. LC determination of the enantiomeric purity of levamisole using stationary phase with bonded naphthylethylcarbamoylated-beta-cyclodextrin. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2001, 25, 407-415.
[17]
Madry, M.M.; Kraemer, T.; Baumgartner, M.R. Cocaine adulteration with the anthelminthic tetramisole (levamisole/dexamisole): Long-term monitoring of its intake by chiral LC-MS/MS analysis of cocaine-positive hair samples. Drug Test. Anal., 2019, 11(3), 472-478.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.2505] [PMID: 30239147]
[18]
Armstrong, D.W.; Chang, C.D.; Lee, S.H. (R)- and (S)-Naphthylethylcarbamate-substituted β-cyclo-dextrin bonded stationary phases for the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers. J. Chromatogr. A, 1991, 539, 83-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)95362-2]
[19]
Hermansson, J.; Grahn, A. Resolution of racemic drugs on a new chiral column based on silica-immobilized cellobiohydrolase Characterization of the basic properties of the column. J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 687, 45-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)00886-8]
[20]
Stalcup, A.M.; Agyei, N.M. Heparin: A chiral mobile-phase additive for capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Chem., 1994, 66(19), 3054-3059.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00091a011] [PMID: 7978302]
[21]
Carlo, B.; Daniele, T.; Edoardo, F.; Anna, M.D.P.; Francesca, R.; Marco, G.; Elia, D.B. Determination of levamisole and tetramisole in seized cocaine samples by enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatography and circular dichroism detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 2014, 1363, 150-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.069] [PMID: 25124228]
[22]
John, F.C.; Valerie, L.C.; Donald, F.L. Determination of phenyltetrahydroimidazothiazole enantiomers (levamisole/dexamisole) in illicit cocaine seizures and in the urine of cocaine abusers via chiral capillary gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection: clinical and forensic perspectives. J. Anal. Toxicol., 2012, 36, 130-135.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkr025] [PMID: 22337783]
[23]
Tachibana, K.; Ohnishi, A. Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers on polysaccharide type chiral stationary phases. J. Chromatogr. A, 2001, 906(1-2), 127-154.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00955-9 ] [PMID: 11215884]
[24]
Tajudheen, K.K.; Jahfar, N.; Zubair, P.; Peter, H.A.; Abdul, K.K.K.; Syed, M.A.P.; Laya, S. Mass spectrometric method for distinguishing isomers of dexamethasone via fragment mass ratio: An HRMS approach. J. Mass Spectrom., 2018, 53, 1046-1058.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4279] [PMID: 30098588]
[25]
Peng, T.; Farkas, L. Poster Communication at Chirality. Geneva, Switzerland, , 2008.
[26]
Maier, N.M.; Cox, G. Poster Communication P-220 at Chirality., 2009.
[27]
Tajudheen, K.K.; Ramy, S.; Jahfar, N.; Zubair, P.; Peter, H.A.; Abdul, K.K.K. Separation and identification of the epimeric doping agents – Dexamethasone and betamethasone in equine urine and plasma: A reversed phase chiral chromatographic approach. Steroids, 2018, 140, 77-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2018.10.003] [PMID: 30296548]
[28]
Liming, P.; Swapna, J.; Chankvetadzeb, B.; Farkasa, T. Reversed-phase chiral HPLC and LC/MS analysis with tris(chloromethyl-[phenylcarbamate) derivatives of cellulose and amylose as chiral stationary phases. J. Chromatogr. A, 2010, 1217, 6942-6955.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.075] [PMID: 20863505]
[29]
Tajudheen, K.K.; Abdul, K.K.K.; Ramy, S.; Jahfar, N.; Zubair, P. Use of polysaccharide-based chiral columns: Enantiomeric separation of seven pairs of abused drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol., 2019, 37, 254-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11419-018-0453-6]
[30]
Ikeda, K.; Hamasaki, T.; Kohno, H.; Ogawa, T.; Matsumoto, T. Direct separation of enantiomers by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography on cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate). Chem. Lett., 1989, 18(6), 1089-1090.
[31]
Peng, L.; Jayapalan, S.; Chankvetadze, B.; Farkas, T. Reversedphase chiral HPLC and LC/MS analysis with tris(chloromethylphenylcarbamate) derivatives of cellulose and amylose as chiral stationary phases J. Chromatogr. A, 2010, 1217, 6942-6955..
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.075] [PMID: 20863505]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version286msRequest Duration28MBMemory UsageGET article/{article_id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[03:02:13] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $article_id declared before required parameter $request i...
  • warninglog[03:02:13] LOG.warning: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated ...
  • warninglog[03:02:13] LOG.warning: Function strftime() is deprecated in /home/alphaeurekaselec/public_html/stor...
  • Booting (89.7ms)time
  • Application (197ms)time
  • 1 x Application (68.67%)
    197ms
    1 x Booting (31.33%)
    89.70ms
    14 templates were rendered
    • articlearticle.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_top_bannerarticle_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_referencearticle_reference.blade.php#?blade
    • export_citation_formexport_citation_form.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.article_bottom_bannerarticle_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_rightmenujournal_rightmenu.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.journal_right_bannerjournal_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET article/{article_id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ArticleController@GetArticleDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    article
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:1974-2510
    36 statements were executed, 4 of which were duplicates, 32 unique. Show only duplicated114ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('309701250','',1,1739847733,1739847733) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739847733
      970μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('309701250','/article/100204',1,1739847733,1739847733)
      140μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 309701250 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 309701250) limit 1
      12.61msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 309701250
      • 1: 309701250
      • 2: 309701250
      • 3: 309701250
      • 4: 309701250
      • 5: 309701250
      • 6: 309701250
      • 7: 309701250
      • 8: 309701250
      • 9: 309701250
      • 10: 309701250
      • 11: 309701250
      • 12: 309701250
      • 13: 309701250
      • 14: 309701250
      • 15: 309701250
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • SELECT at.type_name, p.copyright, p.publisher_location,m.month,y.year, a.publish_on, a.nid article_nid,a.article_id, a.pmid, a.issue_id, a.title, a.abstract,a.podcast,a.altmetric_score,a.altmetric_url,a.kudos_url, a.page_count, a.first_page, a.elocator, a.last_page, i.publication_date, a.file_name, a.file_path, a.doi, a.is_epub,a.epub_type, a.volume_id, a.is_uploaded, a.editor_choice, a.is_epub, j.image_file_name, a.article_no, a.art_type AS article_type, a.supplementary_filename,a.html_filename,a.prc_filename,a.epub_filename, a.graph_abs_lg_filename, a.graph_abs_sm_filename, a.oa_image_lg_filename, a.oa_image_sm_filename, j.journal_banner,a.animated_abstract,a.erratum_in,a.erratum_for, (CASE WHEN a.issue_id =0 THEN j.epub_price ELSE j.price END) AS sell_price, j.epub_price, j.nid AS jour_nid, j.title AS journal_title, j.issn, j.eissn,j.journal_id, j.subtitle AS jour_subtitle, v.volume_id,v.volume_name AS volume, v.year_id, i.title AS issue, i.month_id ,i.type issue_type, j.subtitle,j.formerly_title, ac.subtitle AS epub_title,a.crossmark_enabled,a.text_mining_urls,a.license_urls,a.created, a.receivedate, a.revisedate, a.acceptdate,js.js_title FROM article a LEFT JOIN article_section ac ON a.is_epub = ac.art_sec_id LEFT JOIN journal_section js ON a.js_id = js.js_id LEFT JOIN article_type at ON a.art_type = at.art_type_id LEFT JOIN issue i ON a.issue_id = i.issue_id LEFT JOIN month m ON m.id = i.month_id LEFT JOIN volume v ON v.volume_id = a.volume_id INNER JOIN year y ON y.id = v.year_id INNER JOIN journal j ON j.journal_id = a.journal_id INNER JOIN publisher p ON p.publisher_id = j.publisher_id WHERE a.article_id=100204
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#408
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:408
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2515
      • 13. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `journal` where `journal_id` = 4 limit 1
      710μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Journal.php#64
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Journal.php:64
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2516
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=4) and sj.journal_id!=4 group by `j`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      800μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select j.nid as journal_nid,j.flyer_link,j.title ,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword, j.journal_id as journal_id, j.subtitle, j.image_file_name,j.description,j.journal_insight_url,j.doi from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where j.journal_status=1 and subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=4) and sj.journal_id!=4 group by `j`.`nid` order by `j`.`journal_id` asc limit 10 offset 0
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#200
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:200
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2517
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select count(*) as aggregate from (select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=4) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid`) as `aggregate_table`
      2.86msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 18. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `v`.`year_id` where subject_id IN (SELECT subject_id FROM subject_journal WHERE journal_id=4) and v.ebook_status='1' and y.year > 2020 group by `v`.`nid` order by `v`.`ebook_volume_id` desc limit 10 offset 0
      2.35msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#220
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:220
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2518
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `keywords` where `article_id` = '100204'
      1.29msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Keywords.php#43
      Bindings
      • 0: 100204
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Keywords.php:43
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2519
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select * from `article_citation` where `article_id` = '100204'
      2.68msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1570
      Bindings
      • 0: 100204
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1570
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2520
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`article_id` = '100204' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.71msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 100204
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2533
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2535
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2035
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • select `subtitle` from `journal` where `continues_publication_journal` = 1
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1960
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:1960
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2062
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • Select j.subtitle, v.volume_id as volume_id,v.year_id,y.year as year,v.volume_name, v.total_no_of_issues, i.issue_id as issue_id,i.title as issue, i.publication_date as issue_pub_date from journal j join volume v on j.journal_id = v.journal_id join issue i on v.volume_id = i.volume_id join article a on a.issue_id = i.issue_id join year y on v.year_id = y.id where j.journal_id = 4 and i.is_uploaded = 1 order by v.volume_name+0 desc, i.title+0 desc limit 1
      29.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Issue.php#298
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Issue.php:298
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2068
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 1 and a.journal_id = 4 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      7.44msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2070
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select a.nid,a.publish_on, a.pmid,a.article_id,a.doi,j.journal_id,j.subtitle,v.volume_name,a.volume_id as volume_id, a.issue_id,a.title,first_page, last_page, page_count,abstract,ifnull(is_abstract,"y"),asec.title as article_section,at.type_name as article_type_name, a.article_id as ArticleID ,is_epub,epub_price,epub_type,a.created, y.year from `article` as `a` left join `article_section` as `asec` on `asec`.`art_sec_id` = `a`.`is_epub` left join `article_type` as `at` on `at`.`art_type_id` = `a`.`art_type` left join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `a`.`journal_id` inner join `volume` as `v` on `a`.`volume_id` = `v`.`volume_id` inner join `year` as `y` on `v`.`year_id` = `y`.`id` where a.article_status != "W" and a.is_epub = 4 and a.journal_id = 4 and a.is_uploaded = 1 group by `a`.`article_id` order by `a`.`publish_on` desc
      5.57msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#528
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:528
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2071
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select pdf, html, epub, prc from `article_metrics` where `article_id` = 100204 limit 1
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#744
      Bindings
      • 0: 100204
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:744
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2091
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from content_by_diseases where content_id = 100204 and content_type = 'article' order by status desc limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#751
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/Article.php:751
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2094
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `node_meta` where `nid` = 174181 limit 1
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Meta.php#30
      Bindings
      • 0: 174181
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Meta.php:30
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2101
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `bo`.* from `bundle_offer` as `bo` where `bo`.`bundle_status` = 'A' order by `bo`.`bundle_id` desc
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022BundleOffer.php#57
      Bindings
      • 0: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/BundleOffer.php:57
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2108
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `tbl_ht_submission` as `h` where `h`.`subtitle` = 'CAC' and (h.proposal_closing_date = 0 OR TO_DAYS(FROM_UNIXTIME(h.proposal_closing_date)) >= TO_DAYS(NOW())) order by `h`.`manuscript` asc
      880μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#2025
      Bindings
      • 0: CAC
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Article.php:2025
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2112
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '100204' and content_type = 'a' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      370μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2186
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '9956' and content_type = 'i' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2207
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from journal_access where content_type_id = '2728' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2231
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2728) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2728) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"volume" as access_level,"" as issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_journal_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 2728)
      32.97msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2272
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9956) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9956) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"issue" as access_level,j.issue_id,"" as article_id from `user_access_issue_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.issue_id = 9956)
      1.45msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2297
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 100204) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 100204) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 309701250 and j.to_ip >=309701250 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847733 and j.to_date >= 1739847733 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 100204)
      590μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2329
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `first_page` < '761' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9956 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
      500μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1819
      Bindings
      • 0: 761
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1819
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2470
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `article` where `last_page` > '767' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 9956 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
      410μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Article.php#1831
      Bindings
      • 0: 767
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Article.php:1831
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2472
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2497
      Bindings
      • 0: en
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2497
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022MultiLanguage.php#23
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/MultiLanguage.php:23
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2498
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 100204 limit 1
      2.39msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ArticleController.php#2506
      Bindings
      • 0: 100204
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ArticleController.php:2506
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 4 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847733 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847733 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.16msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 4
      • 3: 1739847733
      • 4: 1739847733
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 4 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847733 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847733 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: J
      • 2: 4
      • 3: 1739847733
      • 4: 1739847733
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='bb036f5ced4a9914d0c48d687b06d6bc'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\MultiLanguage
    1MultiLanguage.php#?
        _token
        OMuhDiZ0wEGVrph0DbsqMqfQpnAztPtqyblWv9vQ
        uc_cart_id
        bb036f5ced4a9914d0c48d687b06d6bc
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/100204" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /article/100204
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:9 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InZtUnp1dUU5dGh0N3VMNExYMVk5RFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzhZWXpCaW5wWUI1QU9xYi9uQ1VKZHpRRjNFTk5rTXRSU2NyYVhzYkVzYTAyRm04d1J5STZLY09WdDYzZjVIaiIsIm1hYyI6IjJhMTQxZjg5YWRkOWM0ZDU2YjRhZmQ4NGM0ZTEyOWU0YTQ1OTA3OWFlMmEyMjcxNmVlN2M2MjAzNDYzMDFkNmYiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InZtUnp1dUU5dGh0N3VMNExYMVk5RFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzhZWXpCaW5wWUI1QU9xYi9uQ1VKZHpRRjNFTk5rTXRSU2NyYVhzYkVzYTAyRm04d1J5STZLY09WdDYzZjVIaiIs" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:02:13 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IndrUitOY2RhYXZjQytIY3pMT0V3elE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieUVWRUhUb0QwcTNSckdpRmtjRFQ0YXdwaWRJZjVIUjlsWG1PbW1DYUpOVUlKTGUvNEFuaytha09PeG85Z2Fic0NJZFhEZStrNmhDMWlJaXdmWVhoajZOK08wa216OEhHOUdGNWZreVlid00zMnduRzVad0JyV1ZjQXlGUnV2SysiLCJtYWMiOiJmODJjMTZkNTc4NTZkZGM0NDVjMTVhYjFmYmQ3YjAzYWY4MzZkZjM1ZDQwMDFmYWY3YTRlMDRlMmVhMmFjZDMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:02:13 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IndrUitOY2RhYXZjQytIY3pMT0V3elE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieUVWRUhUb0QwcTNSckdpRmtjRFQ0YXdwaWRJZjVIUjlsWG1PbW1DYUpOVUlKTGUvNEFuaytha09PeG85Z2Fic0NJZFhEZ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJxK2d4M1NrcEgxOG5jeFR3Rnh3TEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnVsR0t5VStYMHlzcnhZdU1veWt5S09UdWVJb3p6bE1uYW9PeGNaR1dPd1FZRkxDYnpPcGVOUkRmaEwxcUN4OUVYeFllSDlrUHNLRngxTjhiY292c3FIajd5R1NJWkxrbm5ZbytLYmJlWmFidkJZY0g1WDZJOE5YYmovN1dUOC8iLCJtYWMiOiI5ZmUyOTAzZTQ1YTE3YmI3NjQ4MjUxZjkzMmI0YjA1ZjllN2Y2MTY0ZDg3ZGRmNTlkMTg1NTA4OTViNjQ1NjgzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJxK2d4M1NrcEgxOG5jeFR3Rnh3TEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnVsR0t5VStYMHlzcnhZdU1veWt5S09UdWVJb3p6bE1uYW9PeGNaR1dPd1FZRkxDYnpPcGVOUkR" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IndrUitOY2RhYXZjQytIY3pMT0V3elE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieUVWRUhUb0QwcTNSckdpRmtjRFQ0YXdwaWRJZjVIUjlsWG1PbW1DYUpOVUlKTGUvNEFuaytha09PeG85Z2Fic0NJZFhEZStrNmhDMWlJaXdmWVhoajZOK08wa216OEhHOUdGNWZreVlid00zMnduRzVad0JyV1ZjQXlGUnV2SysiLCJtYWMiOiJmODJjMTZkNTc4NTZkZGM0NDVjMTVhYjFmYmQ3YjAzYWY4MzZkZjM1ZDQwMDFmYWY3YTRlMDRlMmVhMmFjZDMyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:02:13 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IndrUitOY2RhYXZjQytIY3pMT0V3elE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieUVWRUhUb0QwcTNSckdpRmtjRFQ0YXdwaWRJZjVIUjlsWG1PbW1DYUpOVUlKTGUvNEFuaytha09PeG85Z2Fic0NJZFhEZ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJxK2d4M1NrcEgxOG5jeFR3Rnh3TEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnVsR0t5VStYMHlzcnhZdU1veWt5S09UdWVJb3p6bE1uYW9PeGNaR1dPd1FZRkxDYnpPcGVOUkRmaEwxcUN4OUVYeFllSDlrUHNLRngxTjhiY292c3FIajd5R1NJWkxrbm5ZbytLYmJlWmFidkJZY0g1WDZJOE5YYmovN1dUOC8iLCJtYWMiOiI5ZmUyOTAzZTQ1YTE3YmI3NjQ4MjUxZjkzMmI0YjA1ZjllN2Y2MTY0ZDg3ZGRmNTlkMTg1NTA4OTViNjQ1NjgzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJxK2d4M1NrcEgxOG5jeFR3Rnh3TEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnVsR0t5VStYMHlzcnhZdU1veWt5S09UdWVJb3p6bE1uYW9PeGNaR1dPd1FZRkxDYnpPcGVOUkR" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "OMuhDiZ0wEGVrph0DbsqMqfQpnAztPtqyblWv9vQ" "uc_cart_id" => "bb036f5ced4a9914d0c48d687b06d6bc" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "http://alpha.eurekaselect.com/article/100204" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:02:13GET/article/100204314361