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Mini-Review Article

核酸内切酶抑制剂和其他靶标在流感治疗中的潜在作用

卷 21, 期 2, 2020

页: [202 - 211] 页: 10

弟呕挨: 10.2174/1389450120666190801115130

价格: $65

摘要

背景：流行性感冒是一种单链RNA病毒，具有高度传染性，每年在美国感染数百万人。由于并发症，在2017-2018年流感季节期间，约有959,000人住院，另有79,400人死亡。尽管最好的预防方法仍然是疫苗接种和卫生，但抗病毒治疗可能有助于减轻感染者的症状。直到最近，唯一使用的抗病毒药物是神经氨酸酶抑制剂：奥司他韦，扎那米韦和帕拉米韦。 目的：我们审查了可用于治疗流感的新型药物靶标，尤其是在可能出现的神经氨酸酶抑制剂耐药菌株的情况下。 结果：最近，具有新作用机制的药物已获批准。 Baloxavir marboxil抑制病毒启动宿主细胞内复制所必需的流感病毒帽依赖性核酸内切酶。此核酸内切酶靶标位于RNA聚合酶的聚合酶酸（PA）亚基内。由于依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶由其他两个亚基（聚合酶基础1和2）组成，因此RNA聚合酶具有多个阻止病毒复制的靶标。仍在研究中的其他靶标包括病毒激酶，胞吞作用和病毒融合。 结论：由于可能发生病毒突变和耐药，因此重要的是要有具有不同作用机制的抗病毒药物，特别是在新的大流行毒株中。几种新的抗病毒药物处于发展的各个阶段，可能代表了新型的治疗方法，可以减轻那些风险较高的患者的症状和并发症。

关键词: 流感，血凝素，神经氨酸酶，抗病毒药，抗药性，核酸内切酶，聚合酶，大流行病。

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